Centos---MySQL数据库部署
MySQL数据库部署
-
- 一、环境
- 二、YUM在线安装
- 三、RPM离线安装
- 四、通用二进制安装
- 五、源码安装
一、环境
基于Centos 7.4 系统
查看系统环境：
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
安装常用的软件包
yum install -y vim bash-completion lrzsz wget net-tools psmisc tree dos2unix
系统配置
关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
禁用开机自启防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
关闭selinux
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
禁用开机自启selinux
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
二、YUM在线安装
下载并安装MySQL的官方yum源
进入官网
下载MySQL Yum Repository
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -c https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
安装yum源
[root@localhost ~]# yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
选择发行版本
禁用8.0：yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
启用5.7：yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
该命令在centos默认是没有安装
下载提供该命令的软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum provides */yum-config-manager
验证
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 230
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 138
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 564
在线安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-server
启动数据库
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
验证
查看状态
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
active (running)
查看端口
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lnupt | grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1153/mysqld
查看进程
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep mysqld
root 4374 1190 0 04:08 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
查看密码
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-03-27T04:02:32.180765Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 3?qeP#1xLs0O
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# awk '/temporary password/ {print $NF}' /var/log/mysqld.log
3?qeP#1xLs0O
登录MySQL并修改密码
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -p3?qeP#1xLs0O
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER root@localhost identified by 'MySQL@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
三、RPM离线安装
下载软件压缩包
网址：https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com
[root@localhost ~]# wget -c https://repo.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
解压查看
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@localhost ~]# ll mysql-community*
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 26670472 Dec 15 21:01 mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 318884 Dec 15 21:01 mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 4122424 Dec 15 21:01 mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 47760004 Dec 15 21:02 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 23316972 Dec 15 21:02 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 132204460 Dec 15 21:02 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 2474780 Dec 15 21:02 mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 1264836 Dec 15 21:02 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 182274360 Dec 15 21:02 mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 125477564 Dec 15 21:03 mysql-community-test-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装
首先查看有没有mariadb-libs软件包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb*
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
卸载mariadb软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64
安装：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client 客户端
mysql-community-common 服务端和客户端的公共文件
mysql-community-serve 服务端
mysql-community-libs 共享库
启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
获取数据库临时密码
[root@localhost ~]# awk '/temporary password/ {print $NF}' /var/log/mysqld.log
,XR<UiqKw1lk
登录数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.37
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER root@localhost identified by 'MySQL@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
四、通用二进制安装
下载glibc版本的MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# wget -c https://repo.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
创建用户和组
以RPM方式安装，都会创建用户mysql
所以二进制安装时需要自己创建mysql 组和用户
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql -r -g 306
（创建系统组，指定组的ID）
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false -u 306 mysql
（创建系统用户，指定用户的基本组，无权访问系统上交互式shell）
安装并初始化MySQL
解压文件到/usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /uar.gz -C /usr/local/
创建软链接-u显示创建的过程
[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql
‘/usr/local/mysql’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/’
修改/usr/local/mysql目录下所有文件的所属组和所属用户
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/*
查看
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/
total 272
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 28 05:02 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 55 Mar 28 05:02 docs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 28 05:02 include
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 230 Mar 28 05:02 lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 259253 Nov 29 15:09 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 4 mysql mysql 30 Mar 28 05:02 man
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 566 Nov 29 15:09 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 28 05:02 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 90 Mar 28 05:02 support-files
将MySQL的bin目录加入PATH环境变量，编辑/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
添加如下内容：
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
（下次登录有效）
现在立刻生效：
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
初始化
源码方式需要手工初始化
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
（记住临时密码）
>iCg_heoE6iW
为MySQL提供主配置文件
从另一台已经安装好MySQL的linux主机中复制一份配置文件，将文件复制到/etc目录下
[root@localhost ~]# scp 192.168.6.16:/etc/my.cnf /etc
The authenticity of host '192.168.6.16 (192.168.6.16)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:EKgdDUYXiLBQKJBSAzsEVXqStUwk/B0M/3NmcJ1jztA.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d6:bd:d9:99:6e:65:11:7e:12:5a:af:48:01:4b:14:e4.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.6.16' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
my.cnf 100% 960 820.6KB/s 00:00
修改主配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
修改内容：
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file=mysqld.pid
为MySQL提供sysv服务脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/in
it.d/mysqld
查看该文件是否有执行权限
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10576 Mar 28 06:35 /etc/init.d/mysqld
若没有：
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
启动MySQL
添加系统服务
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
查看MySQL状态
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-03-28 06:37:01 EDT; 10s ago
登录MySQL并修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER root@localhost identified by 'MySQL@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
五、源码安装
下载软件压缩包
网站地址mirrors.huaweicloud.com(使用国内镜像站点下载速度会比官网上下载速度快)
[root@localhost ~]# wget -c https://repo.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.37.tar.gz
安装开发工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum install make gcc gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel -y
解压
指定解压路径/usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]#tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.37.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
切换到解压路径下
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.37/
创建用户和组
创建mysql系统组，指定组编号为306
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
创建mysql系统用户，指定mysql用户的基本组，用户编号，无权访问系统上交互式shell
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -u 306 -s /bin/false mysql
使用cmake编译MySQL
(注意：如果详情里此前编译所生成的文件重新编译，需要使用如下两个命令：make clean;rm -f CMakeCache.txt)
cmake -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.37/boost \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data
编译后报错
报错原因：
1、缺少openssl-devel
Cannot find appropriate system libraries for WITH_SSL=system.
Make sure you have specified a supported SSL version.
Valid options are :
system (use the OS openssl library),
yes (synonym for system),
</path/to/custom/openssl/installation>
解决方法：
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# yum install openssl-devel -y
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# make clean
make: *** No rule to make target `clean'. Stop
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]#rm -f CMakeCache.txt
再次编译：
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]#cmake -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.37/boost \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data
编译安装
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.14]# make && make install
修改环境变量，让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
编辑的内容：
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/loacl/mysql/bin
编辑文件立刻生效
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
初始化
mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
记住临时密码：
LK.depOjb5If
为MySQL提供主配置文件
从以安装MySQL的linux主机上复制一份配置文件到etc目录下
[root@localhost ~]# scp 192.168.6.14:/etc/my.cnf /etc
编辑配置为文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
编辑内容：
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file=mysqld.pid
提供sysv服务脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
查看文件是否有执行权限
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/init.d/mysqld
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10576 Mar 29 07:25 /etc/init.d/mysqld
添加系统服务
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
启动MySQL服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
查看MySQL的状态
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
登录MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER root@localhost identified by 'MySQL@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)