SqlSever查询某个表或某个库的列名称、说明、备注、注释，类型等

表或表字段等的注释，是数据库对象的扩展属性同时也支持把一些注释性的内容放到数据库或数据库对象中
information_schema：系统视图
sys.extended_properties：系统视图

一、sqlserver 查询某个表的列名称、说明、备注、类型等

--sqlserver 查询某个表的列名称、说明、备注、类型等
SELECT 
  表名 = case when a.colorder = 1 then d.name else '' end, 
  表说明 = case when a.colorder = 1 then isnull(f.value, '') else '' end, 
  字段序号 = a.colorder, 
  字段名 = a.name, 
  标识 = case when COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity')= 1 then '√' else '' end, 
  主键 = case when exists(
    SELECT 
      1 
    FROM 
      sysobjects 
    where 
      xtype = 'PK' 
      and parent_obj = a.id 
      and name in (
        SELECT 
          name 
        FROM 
          sysindexes 
        WHERE 
          indid in(
            SELECT 
              indid 
            FROM 
              sysindexkeys 
            WHERE 
              id = a.id 
              AND colid = a.colid
          )
      )
  ) then '√' else '' end, 
  类型 = b.name, 
  占用字节数 = a.length, 
  长度 = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION'), 
  小数位数 = isnull(
    COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 
    0
  ), 
  允许空 = case when a.isnullable = 1 then '√' else '' end, 
  默认值 = isnull(e.text, ''), 
  字段说明 = isnull(g.[value], '') 
FROM 
  syscolumns a 
  left join systypes b on a.xusertype = b.xusertype 
  inner join sysobjects d on a.id = d.id 
  and d.xtype = 'U' 
  and d.name<>'dtproperties' 
  left join syscomments e on a.cdefault = e.id 
  left join sys.extended_properties g on a.id = G.major_id 
  and a.colid = g.minor_id 
  left join sys.extended_properties f on d.id = f.major_id 
  and f.minor_id = 0 
where 
  d.name = '数据库表名' --如果只查询指定表,加上此where条件，tablename是要查询的表名；去除where条件查询所有的表信息
order by 
  a.id, 
  a.colorder

效果如图：

二、查询一个表的所有列名

--查询一个表的所有列名
Select Name FROM SysColumns Where id=Object_Id('查询的数据库表名')
GO
select t.column_name from information_schema.columns t where t.table_name='查询的数据库表名';

第一局执行效果图：

第二句执行效果图：

三、查询一个表的所有列名，字段的注释

------查询一个表的所有列名，字段的注释
SELECT
A.name AS 表名,
B.name AS 字段名,
C.value AS 字段说明
FROM sys.tables A
INNER JOIN sys.columns B ON B.object_id = A.object_id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties C ON C.major_id = B.object_id AND C.minor_id = B.column_id
WHERE A.name = '查询的数据库表名'

效果如图：

四、查询整个数据库语句

/************************************************************
 * Code formatted by SoftTree SQL Assistant ?v5.0.97
 * Time: 2020/3/24 8:50:02
 ************************************************************/
 
-- 名名称和字段名 
SELECT 
  (
    CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END
  ) 表名, 
  a.colorder 字段序号, 
  a.name 字段名, 
  (
    CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END
  ) 标识, 
  (
    CASE WHEN (
      SELECT 
        COUNT(*) 
      FROM 
        sysobjects 
      WHERE 
        (
          NAME IN (
            SELECT 
              NAME 
            FROM 
              sysindexes 
            WHERE 
              (id = a.id) 
              AND (
                indid IN (
                  SELECT 
                    indid 
                  FROM 
                    sysindexkeys 
                  WHERE 
                    (id = a.id) 
                    AND (
                      colid IN (
                        SELECT 
                          colid 
                        FROM 
                          syscolumns 
                        WHERE 
                          (id = a.id) 
                          AND (NAME = a.name)
                      )
                    )
                )
              )
          )
        ) 
        AND (xtype = 'PK')
    ) > 0 THEN '√' ELSE '' END
  ) 主键, 
  b.name 类型, 
  a.length 占用字节数, 
  COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION') AS 长度, 
  ISNULL(
    COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 
    0
  ) AS 小数位数, 
  (
    CASE WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END
  ) 允许空, 
  ISNULL(e.text, '') 默认值, 
  ISNULL(g.[value], '') AS 字段说明 
FROM 
  syscolumns a 
  LEFT JOIN systypes b ON a.xtype = b.xusertype 
  INNER JOIN sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id 
  AND d.xtype = 'U' 
  AND d.name<> 'dtproperties' 
  LEFT JOIN syscomments e ON a.cdefault = e.id 
  LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties g ON a.id = g.major_id 
  AND a.colid = g.minor_id 
ORDER BY 
  a.id, 
  a.colorder