python requests发送websocket_如何创建Python安全的websocket客户端请求？

My Python secure websocket client code giving me exception as follows:

[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748)

I have created my private certificate and and sign certificate as well, but I am not able to connect to it using Python script as follows:

import json

from websocket import create_connection

class subscriber:

def listenForever(self):

try:

# ws = create_connection("wss://localhost:9080/websocket")

ws = create_connection("wss://nbtstaging.westeurope.cloudapp.azure.com:9090/websocket")

ws.send("test message")

while True:

result = ws.recv()

result = json.loads(result)

print("Received '%s'" % result)

ws.close()

except Exception as ex:

print("exception: ", format(ex))

try:

subscriber().listenForever()

except:

print("Exception occured: ")

My https/wss server script in python with tornado as follows:

import tornado.web

import tornado.websocket

import tornado.httpserver

import tornado.ioloop

import os

import ssl

ssl_root = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'ssl1_1020')

class WebSocketHandler(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler):

def check_origin(self, origin):

return True

def open(self):

pass

def on_message(self, message):

self.write_message("Your message was: " + message)

print("message received: ", format(message))

def on_close(self):

pass

class IndexPageHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

def get(self):

self.render("index.html")

class Application(tornado.web.Application):

def __init__(self):

handlers = [

(r'/', IndexPageHandler),

(r'/websocket', WebSocketHandler),

]

settings = {

'template_path': 'templates'

}

tornado.web.Application.__init__(self, handlers, **settings)

ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)

ssl_ctx.load_cert_chain(ssl_root+"/server.crt",

ssl_root + "/server.pem")

if __name__ == '__main__':

ws_app = Application()

server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(ws_app, ssl_options=ssl_ctx,)

server.listen(9081, "0.0.0.0")

print("server started...")

tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

steps used to create SSL signed certificates:

openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.pem

openssl req -new -nodes -key server.pem -out server.csr

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.pem -out server.crt

解决方案

Finally I found a solution, I updated python client script while making connection to secure web socket url to ignore cert request as follows:

import ssl

import websocket

ws = websocket.WebSocket(sslopt={"cert_reqs": ssl.CERT_NONE})

ws.connect("wss://xxx.com:9090/websocket")