Associated Objects

简介

Associated Objects (对象关联)支持以键值对的形式动态地向对象添加,删除,获取关联值。

使用场景

按照 Mattt Thompson 大神的文章 Associated Objects 中的说法,Associated Objects 主要有以下三个使用场景:

1.添加私有属性用于更好地去实现细节
2.添加公有属性增强Category的功能
3.为KVO创建一个关联的观察者

这里引用文章中的示例代码,看不懂也没关系后面我会再细说:

//NSObject+AssociatedObject.h
@interface NSObject (AssociatedObject) 
@property (nonatomic, strong) id associatedObject; 
@end 
//NSObject+AssociatedObject.m
#import "NSObject+AssociatedObject.h"
#import 
@implementation NSObject (AssociatedObject) 
@dynamic associatedObject; 
 
- (void)setAssociatedObject:(id)object { 
     objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(associatedObject), object, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC); 
} 
 
- (id)associatedObject { 
    return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, @selector(associatedObject)); 
} 

这下原来无法添加实例变量的Category终于扬眉吐气了。

使用方法

先来了解下中对应的三个方法

// 设置关联对象,value传入nil来清除关联对象
void objc_setAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy);
// 获取关联对象
id objc_getAssociatedObject(id object, const void *key);
// 清空所有关联的对象(包括其他Client添加的),所以不应该直接调用该方法
void objc_removeAssociatedObjects(id object);

key的选择

需要注意的是,方法中用到的key通常来说该属性应该是常量、唯一的、在适用范围内用getter和setter访问到的,有三种推荐使用的方式:

//1.使用char
static char kAssociatedObjectKey;
objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &kAssociatedObjectKey);
//2.使用指针
static void *kAssociatedObjectKey = &kAssociatedObjectKey;
objc_getAssociatedObject(self, kAssociatedObjectKey);
//3.使用selector
objc_getAssociatedObject(self, _cmd);
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(xxx),xxx,OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);

关联特性的选择

另外一个需要注意的是objc_AssociationPolicy的类型特性:

行为 @property
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_ASSIGN @property (assign)、@property (unsafe_unretained)
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC @property (nonatomic, strong)
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY_NONATOMIC @property (nonatomic, copy)
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN @property (atomic, strong)
OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY @property (atomic, copy)

实际应用

大家对UIGestureRecognizer的用法应该是再熟悉不过了

UITapGestureRecognizer * tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(invoke:)];
[tap addTarget:self action:@selector(invokeXX:)];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:tap];

接着我拿ibireme大神 YYCategories 中的一段代码来演示UIGestureRecognizer的文艺用法:

UITapGestureRecognizer * tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithActionBlock:^(id  _Nonnull sender) {
      //do something...
}];
[tap addActionBlock:^(id  _Nonnull sender) {
       //do something...
}];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:tap];

UITapGestureRecognizer可以直接使用block来操作了。虽然只是使用风格上的问题,但对于命名纠结症的人来说是一大福音。

接下来,我们再探究下UIGestureRecognizer+YYAdd里的宝藏

//UIGestureRecognizer+YYAdd.h
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN //在该范围内传入nil会给予警告
...
//初始化一个带block的 gesture-recognizer 对象
- (instancetype)initWithActionBlock:(void (^)(id sender))block;
//给gesture-recognizer对象追加一个block
- (void)addActionBlock:(void (^)(id sender))block;
//删除所有block
- (void)removeAllActionBlocks;
...
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
//UIGestureRecognizer+YYAdd.m
static const int block_key; //< key值
...
- (instancetype)initWithActionBlock:(void (^)(id sender))block {
    self = [self init];
    [self addActionBlock:block];
    return self;
}

- (void)addActionBlock:(void (^)(id sender))block {
    _YYUIGestureRecognizerBlockTarget *target = [[_YYUIGestureRecognizerBlockTarget alloc] initWithBlock:block]; //< 初始化一个对象用于存储block
    [self addTarget:target action:@selector(invoke:)];
    NSMutableArray *targets = [self _yy_allUIGestureRecognizerBlockTargets];
    [targets addObject:target]; //< 将持有block的对象放入数组中,方便管理
}

- (void)removeAllActionBlocks{ //< 清除所有绑定的target-action和block数组
    NSMutableArray *targets = [self _yy_allUIGestureRecognizerBlockTargets];
    [targets enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id target, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
        [self removeTarget:target action:@selector(invoke:)];
    }];
    [targets removeAllObjects];
}

- (NSMutableArray *)_yy_allUIGestureRecognizerBlockTargets {
    NSMutableArray *targets = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &block_key); //< 从关联对象中取得持有block对象的数组
    if (!targets) { //< 没有的话就初始化一个并通过关联对象动态添加
        targets = [NSMutableArray array];
        objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &block_key, targets, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
    }
    return targets;
}

参考链接

http://nshipster.com/associated-objects/
http://blog.leichunfeng.com/blog/2015/06/26/objective-c-associated-objects-implementation-principle/

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