Docker(三)Docker的基础命令

Docker1.png

帮助命令

---

docker version             #显示docker的版本信息
docker info                #显示dcoker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker [命令] --help        #帮助命令

docker官方文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/

镜像命令

---

docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@vm22 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
waibi/centos          1.0       161ad1397191   7 hours ago     231MB
tomcat                2.0       8663b1d60f71   8 hours ago     684MB
nginx                 latest    605c77e624dd   9 months ago    141MB
#解释
REPOSITORY    镜像的仓库源
TAG           镜像的标签
IMAGE ID      镜像的ID
CREATED       镜像的创建时间
SIZE          镜像的大小
#可选项
-a --all      显示所有镜像
-q --quiet    只显示景象ID

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@vm22 ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13234     [OK]       
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5062      [OK]       
#可选项
--filter=starts=3000    #搜索出来镜像starts大于3000的镜像

docker pull 下载镜像

下载镜像 $ docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@vm22 ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest  #如果指定tag，将默认下载latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists  #分层下载
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@vm22 ~]# docker rmi -f 3218b38490ce #删除指定镜像
[root@vm22 ~]# docker rmi -f IMAGE ID IMAGE ID #删除多个镜像
[root@vm22 ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部镜像

容器命令

---

启动容器

$ docker run IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
# 参数说明
--name="name"  给容器命名
-d  后台运行
-it  使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p  指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
        -p 主机端口:容器端口
        -p IP:主机端口:容器端口
-P  随机指定端口

#启动并进入容器
[root@vm22 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@bdcf79e05d39 /]# ls  # 查看容器内的centos
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@bdcf79e05d39 /]# exit  # 退出容器 
exit

列出所有正在运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=?  # 显示最近创建的容器
-q  # 只显示容器ID
[root@vm22 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@vm22 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
bdcf79e05d39   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             brave_jepsen

退出容器

exit  # 直接停止并退出容器
Ctrl + P + Q  # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id  #删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  # 删除所有容器

启动和停止容器操作

docker start 容器ID    # 启动容器
docker stop 容器ID    # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker restart 容器ID    # 重启容器
docker kill 容器ID    # 强制停止容器

其他常用命令

---

后台启动容器

# 命令 doceker run -d 镜像
[root@vm22 ~]# docker run -d centos

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器
# 测试
[root@vm22 ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo print logs;sleep 1;done "
[root@vm22 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
82bb167358c7   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   34 seconds ago   Up 33 seconds             hungry_mclean
# 显示日志
  -tf 
  --tail number
[root@vm22 ~]# docker logs -t -f --tail 4 82bb167358c7
2022-09-28T17:41:05.146127148Z print logs
2022-09-28T17:41:06.151409147Z print logs
2022-09-28T17:41:07.157108266Z print logs
2022-09-28T17:41:08.161395599Z print logs

查看容器中进程信息

# 命令 docker top 容器ID
[root@vm22 ~]# docker top 82bb167358c7
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                4773                4753                0                   01:39               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo print logs;sleep 1;done
root                5172                4773                0                   01:44               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令 docker inspect 容器ID
[root@vm22 ~]# docker inspect 82bb167358c7
[
    {
        "Id": "82bb167358c7835cae235ad9d3ba2097e5d63ecd7286de50fb26061467d9ef4b",
        "Created": "2022-09-28T17:39:20.314052558Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo print logs;sleep 1;done "
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4773,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-09-28T17:39:20.57549319Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/82bb167358c7835cae235ad9d3ba2097e5d63ecd7286de50fb26061467d9ef4b/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/82bb167358c7835cae235ad9d3ba2097e5d63ecd7286de50fb26061467d9ef4b/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/82bb167358c7835cae235ad9d3ba2097e5d63ecd7286de50fb26061467d9ef4b/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/82bb167358c7835cae235ad9d3ba2097e5d63ecd7286de50fb26061467d9ef4b/82bb167358c7835cae235ad9d3ba2097e5d63ecd7286de50fb26061467d9ef4b-json.log",
        "Name": "/hungry_mclean",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fcd02afc26d5c1aea385a6b77399b4ec4af0f356359e91041cde84cb9b1237c7-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d95e550d4f62886c70a537524378ebfba5e96932146481454237df6005a0cb8c/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fcd02afc26d5c1aea385a6b77399b4ec4af0f356359e91041cde84cb9b1237c7/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fcd02afc26d5c1aea385a6b77399b4ec4af0f356359e91041cde84cb9b1237c7/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fcd02afc26d5c1aea385a6b77399b4ec4af0f356359e91041cde84cb9b1237c7/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "82bb167358c7",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo print logs;sleep 1;done "
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "0cd61c994ce552f0c40d92076a80223aa1ca509814ced1ba2e05ca3006f800a1",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/0cd61c994ce5",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "4791507c4b3d9221dcca506844705803e4d6faafeacfa206225650490224ba02",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "2893fe225a852d859fb8e831ff668623b9f220c3f47a8b1b83bb31691a8961b5",
                    "EndpointID": "4791507c4b3d9221dcca506844705803e4d6faafeacfa206225650490224ba02",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bahs  # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端
docker attch 容器ID # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目标路径
[root@vm22 ~]# docker cp cfb377b1b56f:/home/docker-cp /home
[root@vm22 ~]# ls /home
docker-cp  docker-test-volume  mysql  test

学习视频：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&vd_source=4297c14c1c7438e292ea9310e1abeb31