python3.5程序设计

Python语言的特点有:
易于学习:语法和结构简单,学习起来更加简单。
易于阅读:Python代码定义更清晰。
易于维护:源代码是相当容易维护的。
广泛的标准库:Python的最大的优势之一是丰富的库,跨平台的,在UNIX,Windows和Macintosh兼容很好。
可移植:基于其开放源代码的特性,Python已经被移植(也就是使其工作)到许多平台。
可嵌入: 可以将Python嵌入到C/C++程序,让你的程序的用户获得"脚本化"的能力。

 

Python语法结构特点:
Python 是一种解释型语言: 这意味着开发过程中没有了编译这个环节。类似于PHP和Perl语言。
Python 是交互式语言: 这意味着,您可以在一个Python提示符,直接互动执行写你的程序。
Python 是面向对象语言: 这意味着Python支持面向对象的风格或代码封装在对象的编程技术。
Python 是初学者的语言:Python 对初级程序员而言,是一种伟大的语言,它支持广泛的应用程序开发,从简单的文字处理到 WWW 浏览器再到游戏。

读取带有表头的文件,转化为字典形式

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# Author:Du Fei

index =0
myKey=[]
allList=[]
with open("person.txt","r") as f:
    for one in f:
        oneDict={}
        if index == 0:#当前读取的数据是第一条
            myKey =one.strip("\n").split(",")
            index = 1
        else:
            oneList=one.strip("\n").split(",")
            oneDict[myKey[0]]=oneList[0]
            oneDict[myKey[1]]=int(oneList[1])
            oneDict[myKey[2]]=float(oneList[2])
            allList.append(oneDict)
print(allList)
dictAndFile.py

Python实战

python简单实现学生管理系统

项目要求:

 (1)显示所有学生信息

 (2)新增一个学生信息

 (3)修改学生的年龄

 (4)根据学号删除学生

 (5)按照姓名查找

 (6)按照学号进行升序和降序排列

 (7)功能菜单:该功能菜单供用户选择相应功能,调用上述不同功能模块

 (8)数据从文件中读取

 (9)将数据保存到文件中

一、使用python函数模块实现

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# Author:Du Fei
import os

#学号,姓名,年龄,性别,身高
allStudentsList=[]
#从文件中读取数据
def readFromFile(fileName):
    if not os.path.exists(fileName):# 如果文件不存在,则新增一个空文件
        f = open(fileName,"w")
        f.close()
    with open(fileName,"r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
        for onStr in f:
            oneList=onStr.strip("\n").split(",")
            oneList[0]=int(oneList[0])#学号
            oneList[1]=oneList[1]#姓名
            oneList[2]=int(oneList[2])#年龄
            oneList[3]=oneList[3]#性别
            oneList[4]=float(oneList[4])#身高
            allStudentsList.append(oneList)

#将数据写入文件
def writeToFile(fileName):
    f =open(fileName,"w")
    f.close()

    with open(fileName,"a",encoding="utf-8") as f:
        for oneList in allStudentsList:
            oneStr=str(str(oneList[0])+","+oneList[1]+","+str(oneList[2])+","+oneList[3]+","+str(oneList[4])+"\n")
            f.write(oneStr)

#显示所有学生信息
def allStudentsShow():
    for one in allStudentsList:
        print("学号:%d,姓名:%s,年龄:%d,性别:%s,身高:%f" % (one[0], one[1], one[2], one[3],one[4]))

#新增学生
def addNewStudent(newStuList):
    #check学号是否重复复
    for one in allStudentsList:
        if one[0] == newStuList[0]:
            return -1 #学号重复
        allStudentsList.append(newStuList)
        writeToFile("student.txt")
        return 1

#修改学生年龄
def updateStudentsAge(id,newAge):
    for one in allStudentsList:
        if one[0]==id:
            one[2]=newAge
            break
    else:
        return -1#找不到此学号
    writeToFile("student.txt")
    return 1

#删除学生
def deleteStudent(id):
    index =0
    for one in allStudentsList:
        if one[0] ==id:
            del allStudentsList[index]
            break
        index +=1
    else:
        return -1#找不到要删除的学号
    writeToFile("student.txt")
    return 1

#按照姓名查找
def searchStudents(name):
    flag =0
    for one in allStudentsList:
        if one[1]==name:
            print("学号:%d,姓名:%s,年龄:%d,性别:%s,身高:%f" % (one[0], one[1], one[2], one[3], one[4]))
            flag=1
    if flag==0:
        return -1#查无此人
    return 1


def sortMe(oneList):
    return oneList[0]

#按序号排序
def orderById(flag):#flag:1升序,2降序
    if flag==1:#升序
        allStudentsList.sort(reverse=False,key=lambda oneList:oneList[0])
    else:
        allStudentsList.sort(reverse=True,key=sortMe)

#功能菜单
def menuShow():
    print("**********************************")
    print("*1.查看所有学生信息****************")
    print("*2.新增学生************************")
    print("*3.修改学生************************")
    print("*4.删除学生************************")
    print("*5.按姓名查找**********************")
    print("*6.按学号排序**********************")
    print("*7.保存***************************")
    print("*8.退出***************************")
    print("**********************************")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    #从文件中读取数据
    readFromFile("student.txt")
    # print(allStudentsList)
    while True:
        # 显示主菜单
        menuShow()
        select =int(input("请选择功能选项:"))
        if select == 1:
            allStudentsShow()
        elif select == 2:
            while True:
                try:
                    id = int(input("请输入学号:"))
                    name = input("请输入姓名:")
                    age = int(input("请输入年龄:"))
                    sex = input("请输入性别:")
                    height = float(input("请输入身高:"))

                    newStuList=[id,name,age,sex,height]
                    if addNewStudent(newStuList) ==-1:
                        print("学号已存在,请重新输入")
                    else:
                        flag=input("新增用户成功,是否继续新增(y/n)?:")
                        if flag.lower() !="y":
                            break
                except:
                    print("输入有误请重新输入")

        elif select == 3:
            while True:
                id=int(input("请输入序号:"))
                newAge=int(input("请输入新的年龄:"))
                if updateStudentsAge(id,newAge) ==-1:
                    print("找不到此学号的学生,请重新输入")
                else:
                    flag = input("修改成功,是否继续修改(y/n)?:")
                    if flag.lower() != "y":
                        break

        elif select == 4:
            while True:
                id =int(input("请输入删除的学号:"))
                if deleteStudent(id) == -1:
                    print("找不到此学号的学生,请重新输入")
                else:
                    flag = input("删除成功,是否继续删除(y/n)?:")
                    if flag.lower() != "y":
                        break
        elif select == 5:
            while True:
                name=input("请输入查找的姓名:")
                if searchStudents(name) ==-1:
                    print("查无此人")

                flag = input("是否继续查找(y/n)?:")
                if flag.lower() != "y":
                    break

        elif select == 6:
            flag=int(input("请选择排序方式(1:升序,2:降序)"))
            orderById(flag)
            allStudentsShow()
        elif select == 7:
            writeToFile("student.txt")
        else:
            exit()
student.py

二、使用python类模块实现

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# Author:Du Fei
import os
#生成学生类
class Student:
    def __init__(self,id,name,age,sex,height):
        self.id =id
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.sex =sex
        self.height=height

    def printMe(self):
        print("学号:%d,姓名:%s,年龄:%d,性别:%s,身高:%f" % (self.id, self.name, self.age, self.sex, self.height))


#管理类
class StudentsManage:
    def __init__(self):
        self.allStudentsList =[]

    #显示所有学生的信息
    def allStudentsShow(self):
        for one in self.allStudentsList:
            one.printMe()
    #新增学生
    def addNewStudent(self,newStuList):
        # check学号是否重复复
        for one in self.allStudentsList:
            if one.id == newStuList.id:
                return -1 #学号重复
        self.allStudentsList.append(newStuList)
        return 1

    # 修改学生年龄
    def updateStudentsAge(self,id, newAge):
        for one in self.allStudentsList:
            if one.id == id:
                one.age = newAge
                break
        else:
            return -1  # 找不到此学号
        return 1

    #删除学生
    def deleteStudent(self,id):
        index =0
        for one in self.allStudentsList:
            if one.id ==id:
                del self.allStudentsList[index]
                break
            index +=1
        else:
            return -1#找不到要删除的学号
        return 1

    #按照姓名查找
    def searchStudents(self,name):
        flag =0
        for one in self.allStudentsList:
            if one.name==name:
                one.printMe()
                flag=1
        if flag==0:
            return -1#查无此人
        return 1

    # 按序号排序
    def orderById(self,flag):  # flag:1升序,2降序
        if flag == 1:  # 升序
            self.allStudentsList.sort(reverse=False, key=lambda x: x.id)
        else:
            self.allStudentsList.sort(reverse=True, key=lambda x: x.id)

    # 从文件中读取数据
    def readFromFile(self,fileName):
        if not os.path.exists(fileName):  # 如果文件不存在,则新增一个空文件
            f = open(fileName, "w")
            f.close()
        with open(fileName, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            for onStr in f:
                oneList = onStr.strip("\n").split(",")
                oneList[0] = int(oneList[0])  # 学号
                oneList[1] = oneList[1]  # 姓名
                oneList[2] = int(oneList[2])  # 年龄
                oneList[3] = oneList[3]  # 性别
                oneList[4] = float(oneList[4])  # 身高
                stu = Student(int(oneList[0]),oneList[1],int(oneList[2]),oneList[3],float(oneList[4]))
                self.allStudentsList.append(stu)

    # 将数据写入文件
    def writeToFile(self,fileName):
        f = open(fileName, "w")
        f.close()

        with open(fileName, "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            for one in self.allStudentsList:
                oneStr = str(one.id) + "," + one.name + "," + str(one.age) + "," + one.sex + "," + str(one.height) + "\n"
                f.write(oneStr)

# 功能菜单
def menuShow():
    print("**********************************")
    print("*1.查看所有学生信息****************")
    print("*2.新增学生************************")
    print("*3.修改学生************************")
    print("*4.删除学生************************")
    print("*5.按姓名查找**********************")
    print("*6.按学号排序**********************")
    print("*7.保存***************************")
    print("*8.退出***************************")
    print("**********************************")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    stManage=StudentsManage()
    #从文件中读取数据
    stManage.readFromFile("student.txt")
    # print(allStudentsList)
    while True:
        # 显示主菜单
        menuShow()
        select =int(input("请选择功能选项:"))
        if select == 1:
            stManage.allStudentsShow()
        elif select == 2:
            while True:
                try:
                    id = int(input("请输入学号:"))
                    name = input("请输入姓名:")
                    age = int(input("请输入年龄:"))
                    sex = input("请输入性别:")
                    height = float(input("请输入身高:"))
                    stu = Student(id,name,age,sex,height)
                    if stManage.addNewStudent(stu) ==-1:
                        print("学号已存在,请重新输入")
                    else:
                        flag=input("新增用户成功,是否继续新增(y/n)?:")
                        if flag.lower() !="y":
                            break
                except:
                    print("输入有误请重新输入")

        elif select == 3:
            while True:
                id=int(input("请输入序号:"))
                newAge=int(input("请输入新的年龄:"))
                if stManage.updateStudentsAge(id,newAge) ==-1:
                    print("找不到此学号的学生,请重新输入")
                else:
                    flag = input("修改成功,是否继续修改(y/n)?:")
                    if flag.lower() != "y":
                        break

        elif select == 4:
            while True:
                id =int(input("请输入删除的学号:"))
                if stManage.deleteStudent(id) == -1:
                    print("找不到此学号的学生,请重新输入")
                else:
                    flag = input("删除成功,是否继续删除(y/n)?:")
                    if flag.lower() != "y":
                        break
        elif select == 5:
            while True:
                name=input("请输入查找的姓名:")
                if stManage.searchStudents(name) ==-1:
                    print("查无此人")

                flag = input("是否继续查找(y/n)?:")
                if flag.lower() != "y":
                    break

        elif select == 6:
            flag=int(input("请选择排序方式(1:升序,2:降序)"))
            stManage.orderById(flag)
            stManage.allStudentsShow()
        elif select == 7:
            stManage.writeToFile("student.txt")
        else:
            exit()
student.py

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/coding2018/p/10072386.html

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