SpringMVC-整合详解
SpringMVC-整合详解
MVC
- 什么是
MVC?
它是一种开发模式，它是模型视图控制器的简称。所有的web应用都是基于MVC开发的
-
M: 模型层，它是模型视图控制器的简称。所有的web应用都是基于MVC开发 -
V: 视图层,html、javascript、vue等都是视图层，用来显示数据 -
C: 控制器,它是用来接受客户端的请求，并返回响应到客户端的组件，Servlet就是组件
SpringMVC 框架的有点
- 轻量级，基于
MVC的框架 - 易于上手，容易理解，功能强大
- 它具备
IoC和AOP - 完全基于注解开发
基于注解的 SpringMVC 框架开发的步骤
- 新建
maven项目,选择模板webapp
| 创建项目 |
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 |
- 修改目录，添加缺失目录，并修改目录属性
添加java目录...，webapp目录配置 |
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- 修改
pom.xml,添加SpringMVC、Servlet的依赖
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>org.examplegroupId>
<artifactId>springmvc-001artifactId>
<packaging>warpackaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>4.13.2version>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.3.23version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
<version>4.0.1version>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springmvc-001finalName>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/javadirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
includes>
resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resourcesdirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
includes>
resource>
resources>
build>
project>
- 添加
springmvc.xml配置文件，指定包扫描，添加视图解析器
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/admin/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
bean>
beans>
- 删除
wen.xml文件(版本过低),新建web.xml
web.xml |
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- 在
web.xml文件中注册springmvc框架(所有的web请求都是基于servlet的)
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.actionurl-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
web-app>
- 删除
index.jsp，并新建，发送请求给服务器
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
Title
访问 main
- 在
webapp目录下新建admin目录(根据配置文件中的需要添加),在admin/admin.jsp,删除index.jsp,并新建
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
Admin-Page
show admin.............................
- 开发控制器(
Servlet)，它是一个普通的类
package com.example.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class MainController {
@RequestMapping("/main.action")
public String main() {
return "admin";
}
}
Tomcat启动测试
| 测试请求 |
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-
注意点
在这些步骤的前提下，如果访问出现
404，那么进行IDEA缓存清除，重新构建，再次启动测试 -
项目目录结构
| 当前目录结构 |
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 |
五种数据提交方式的优化
- 单个提交数据
<%-- 单个提交数据 --%>
<form action="/user.do" method="post">
<input type="text" name="myname">
<input type="number" name="age">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
form>
@RequestMapping("/user.do")
public String user(String myname, int age) {
System.out.println(myname + " " + (age + 10));
return "admin";
}
- 对象封装提交数据
// 实体类
package com.example.entity;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class User {
private String username;
private Integer age;
}
@RequestMapping("/pojo.do")
public String user(User user) {
System.out.println(user.getUsername() + " " + (user.getAge() + 10));
return "admin";
}
<%-- 2. 对象封装提交 --%>
- 动态占位符
占位符
@RequestMapping("/test/{username}/{age}.do")
public String TestDo(@PathVariable("username") String username, @PathVariable("age") int age) {
System.out.println(username + (age));
return "admin";
}
- 映射名称不一致提交
// 通过 @RequestParam 将 username 注给 uname
@RequestMapping("/nomapping.do")
public String NoMapping(
@RequestParam("username")
String uname,
@RequestParam("age")
int ahe
) {
System.out.println(uname + " " + (ahe));
return "admin";
}
中文编码配置
web.xml中配置过滤器，建议写在顶部
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>UTF-8param-value>
init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceRequestEncodingparam-name>
<param-value>trueparam-value>
init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncodingparam-name>
<param-value>trueparam-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
方法的返回值
String: 客户端资源的地址，自动拼接前缀和后缀，还可以屏蔽自动拼接字符串，可以指定返回的路径Object: 返回json格式的对象。自动将对象或集合转为json，使用jackson工具进行转换，必须要添加jackson依赖。一般用于ajax请求void: 无返回值，一般用于ajax请求- 基本数据类型,用于
ajax请求 ModelAndView: 返回数据和视图对象，现在用的很少
完成 Ajax 请求访问服务器,返回学生集合
- 添加
jackson依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databindartifactId>
<version>2.13.4.2version>
dependency>
- 在
webapp目录下新建js目录,添加axios函数库
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js">script>
- 在
index.jsp页面上导入函数库
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
Title
- 在
action上添加注解@ResponseBody，用来处理ajax请求
package com.example.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
public class UserController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/list.do")
public List<String> list() {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
Collections.addAll(list, "aa", "bb", "cc", "dd");
return list;
}
}
- 在
springmvc.xml文件中添加注解驱动@RespinseBody注解
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
beans>
- 访问测试
| 控制台输出 |
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日期处理
- 单个日期处理
要使用注解@DateTimeFormat，此注解必须搭配springmvc.xml中的
package com.example.controller;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@Controller
public class DateController {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
@RequestMapping("/mydate.do")
public String myDate(
@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
Date mydate) {
System.out.println(sdf.format(mydate));
return "admin";
}
}
- 类中全局日期处理
package com.example.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@Controller
public class DateController {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
// 注册一个全局的日期处理注解
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(WebDataBinder dataBinder) {
dataBinder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(sdf, true));
}
@RequestMapping("/mydate.do")
public String myDate(Date mydate) {
System.out.println(sdf.format(mydate));
return "admin";
}
}
-
如果一个类的成员属性是
日期格式,可以在类的成员 setXX添加注解@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") -
如果是
json类型,需要在类中的成员变量getXXX方法上添加注解@JsonFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
WEB-INF 资源
-
此目录下的动态资源，不可以直接访问，只能通过请求转发的方式进行访问
-
修改
springmvc.xml配置
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
bean>
WEB-INF/main
package com.example.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class WebInfController {
@RequestMapping("/showMain.do")
public String showMain() {
return "main";
}
}
拦截器
- 什么是拦截器
针对请求和响应进行的额外处理。在请求和响应的过程中添加预处理，后处理和最终处理
-
拦截器的执行时机
-
preHandle: 在请求被处理之前进行操作 -
postHandle: 在请求被处理之后，但结果还没有渲染前进行操作，可以改变响应结果 -
afterCompletion: 所有的请求响应结束后执行善后工作，清理对象，关闭资源 -
拦截器实现的两种方式
-
集成
HandlerIntercepterAdpater的父类 -
实现
HandlerInterceptor接口【推荐使用实现接口的方式】 -
登录拦截器实现的步骤
-
改造登录方法,在
session中存储用户信息，用于进行权限验证package com.example.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; @Controller public class WebInfController { @RequestMapping("/showLogin") public String showLogin() { return "login"; } @RequestMapping("/main.do") public String showMain(String username, String password, HttpServletRequest request) { if ("coder-itl".equalsIgnoreCase(username) && "coder-itl".equalsIgnoreCase(password)) { request.getSession().setAttribute("username", username); return "main"; } else { request.setAttribute("msg", "用户名和密码错误"); return "login"; } } } -
开发拦截器的功能，实现
HandlerInterceptor接口，重写preHandle方法package com.example.intercepter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; // TODO: 无法实现跳转 public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { if (request.getSession().getAttribute("username") == null) { // 没有登陆 request.setAttribute("msg", "您还未登录,请先登录!"); request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response); return false; } // 登录成功放行 return true; } } -
在
springmvc.xml文件中注册拦截器<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> bean> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/showLogin"/> <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/main.do"/> <bean class="com.example.intercepter.LoginInterceptor"/> mvc:interceptor> mvc:interceptors> beans>
SSM 整合
- 创建项目,添加依赖
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>org.examplegroupId>
<artifactId>spring-ssmartifactId>
<packaging>warpackaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.encoding>UTF-8maven.compiler.encoding>
<java.version>1.8java.version>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12junit.version>
<spring.version>5.1.2.RELEASEspring.version>
<mybatis.version>3.2.8mybatis.version>
<mybatis.spring.version>1.2.2mybatis.spring.version>
<mybatis.paginator.version>1.2.15mybatis.paginator.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.22mysql.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.4slf4j.version>
<druid.version>1.0.9druid.version>
<pagehelper.version>5.1.2pagehelper.version>
<jstl.version>1.2jstl.version>
<servlet-api.version>3.0.1servlet-api.version>
<jsp-api.version>2.0jsp-api.version>
<jackson.version>2.9.6jackson.version>
<loback.version>1.2.11loback.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.24lombok.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId>
<version>1.6.11version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jsongroupId>
<artifactId>jsonartifactId>
<version>20140107version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-beansartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspectsartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency><project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>org.examplegroupId>
<artifactId>spring-ssmartifactId>
<packaging>warpackaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.encoding>UTF-8maven.compiler.encoding>
<java.version>1.8java.version>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12junit.version>
<spring.version>5.1.2.RELEASEspring.version>
<mybatis.version>3.2.8mybatis.version>
<mybatis.spring.version>1.2.2mybatis.spring.version>
<mybatis.paginator.version>1.2.15mybatis.paginator.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.22mysql.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.4slf4j.version>
<druid.version>1.0.9druid.version>
<pagehelper.version>5.1.2pagehelper.version>
<jstl.version>1.2jstl.version>
<servlet-api.version>3.0.1servlet-api.version>
<jsp-api.version>2.0jsp-api.version>
<jackson.version>2.9.6jackson.version>
<loback.version>1.2.11loback.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.24lombok.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId>
<version>1.6.11version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jsongroupId>
<artifactId>jsonartifactId>
<version>20140107version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-beansartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspectsartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-jmsartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-supportartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-springartifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.miemiedevgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-paginatorartifactId>
<version>${mybatis.paginator.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelpergroupId>
<artifactId>pagehelperartifactId>
<version>${pagehelper.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
<artifactId>druidartifactId>
<version>${druid.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>4.13.2version>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstlgroupId>
<artifactId>jstlartifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
<version>3.0.1version>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>jsp-apiartifactId>
<scope>providedscope>
<version>${jsp-api.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databindartifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
<artifactId>fastjsonartifactId>
<version>1.2.28version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-iogroupId>
<artifactId>commons-ioartifactId>
<version>2.4version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileuploadgroupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileuploadartifactId>
<version>1.3.1version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
<artifactId>logback-classicartifactId>
<version>1.2.11version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
<artifactId>logback-coreartifactId>
<version>1.2.11version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId>
<version>1.7.25version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-txartifactId>
<version>5.3.23version>
dependency>
dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-pluginartifactId>
plugin>
plugins>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/javadirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>falsefiltering>
resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resourcesdirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>falsefiltering>
resource>
resources>
build>
project>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-jmsartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-supportartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
<version>${spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-springartifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.miemiedevgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-paginatorartifactId>