linux（ARM）架构下的mysql安装使用（完整版）

目录

一、安装MYSQL之前要先换源

二、安装MYSQL

1、安装

2、安装完成

3、安装后无法登陆

3.1 原因

3.2 登陆后切换database

3.3 修改密码(注意这里账号和密码是双引号)

3.4查看一下用户

3.5 然后进行刷新使得配置生效

3.6 退出

3.7 重启

三、mysql使用测试

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一、安装MYSQL之前要先换源

1.备份系统之前的源，也可以不备份，将之前的源注释掉

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2.修改源文件/etc/apt/sources.list

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

将原来的内容删除，将下面的源内容粘贴上。

3.这里推荐比较好的两个国内源

3.1阿里源（arm64，速度快，推荐）

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial main
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates main
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-updates universe
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ xenial-security universe

3.2 华为源（arm64,速度快，二者选其一）

deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
## Not recommended
# deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

4.更新仓库

apt-get update

4.1处理报错

可能出现报错

由于没有公钥，无法验证下列签名...

以下命令解决：

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 40976EAF437D05B5 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32

5.清除软件仓库缓存

apt-get clean

6.更新软件仓库

apt-get update

完成，可以安装MYSQL了

二、安装MYSQL

1、安装

sudo apt-get install mysql-server          //服务端
sudo apt-get install mysql-client          //客户端
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev    //程序编译时链接的库

2、安装完成

安装完成之后dpkg命令查看状态

dpkg -l | grep mysql

输出以下信息则安装成功

ii  mysql-client-5.7                              5.7.39-0ubuntu0.18.04.2         arm64        MySQL database client binaries
ii  mysql-client-core-5.7                         5.7.39-0ubuntu0.18.04.2         arm64        MySQL database core client binaries
ii  mysql-common                                  5.8+1.0.5                       all          MySQL database common files, e.g. /etc/mysql/my.cnf
ii  mysql-server                                  5.7.39-0ubuntu0.18.04.2         all          MySQL database server (metapackage depending on the latest version)
ii  mysql-server-5.7                              5.7.39-0ubuntu0.18.04.2         arm64        MySQL database server binaries and system database setup
ii  mysql-server-core-5.7                         5.7.39-0ubuntu0.18.04.2         arm64        MySQL database server binaries

使用如下命令启动mysql

service mysql start

启动后使用如下命令查看状态

sudo netstat -anp | grep mysql

显示如下说明启动成功：

tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      27608/mysqld        
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     648125   27608/mysqld         /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     648111   27608/mysqld    

使用命令进行登陆

mysql -u root -p

输入密码，进行登陆，如果之前没有设置密码请看第3步

aaron@aaron-Raytine-PC:~$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.7.30-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright © 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

3、安装后无法登陆

3.1 原因

原因一(大部分)：

你是root安装的： 在本机命令行下输入： mysql -uroot 就可以直接登录，然后修改用户名密码啥的

原因二：

使用mysql -u root -p命令但是不知道root密码是因为之前没有设置，这个时候进行环境配置，设置root密码。

1、首先，进行忽略密码登陆，打开配置文件

sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

2、在最后加入skip-grant-tables

#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem
skip-grant-tables
-- 插入 --           

3、保存退出

4、重启以下mysql服务

sudo service mysql stop

sudo service mysql start

5、重新登陆

mysql -u mysql

进行3.2步骤，所有步骤执行完注释掉skip-grant-tables

原因三：没有把之前的mysql卸载干净

彻底删除MySQL

在删除mysql前 须要先删除一下 /var/lib/mysql 还有 /etc/mysqlubuntu

先停止mysql服务

systemctl stop mysql

须要输入如下几条命令

sudo rm /var/lib/mysql/ -R 
sudo rm /etc/mysql/ -R
sudo apt-get autoremove mysql* --purge
sudo apt-get remove apparmor

确保没有mysql的文件夹可忽略此步骤

sudo find / -name mysql

再次安装

sudo apt-get install mysql-server          //服务端
sudo apt-get install mysql-client          //客户端
sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev    //程序编译时链接的库

3.2 登陆后切换database

登录

~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 

直接回车

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.39-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

换为database

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> 

3.3 修改密码(注意这里账号和密码是双引号)

mysql> update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD("123456") where user="root";
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

3.4查看一下用户

select user,host from mysql.user;

出现以下信息则配置完成

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user             | host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| debian-sys-maint | localhost |
| mysql.session    | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.5 然后进行刷新使得配置生效

flush privileges;

3.6 退出

quit

3.7 重启

sudo service mysql restart

三、mysql使用测试

1、建立一个数据库

mysql> create database joyrun;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

2、查看当前数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| joyrun             |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3、建立一个表

mysql> use joyrun
Database changed
mysql> create table tbl_run(id int,name varchar(5),primary key (id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4、查看表的结构

mysql> desc tbl_run;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)    | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(5) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5、修改字节长度

mysql> alter table tbl_run modify column name varchar(20);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc tbl_run;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6、现在表中不能添加中文字段，修改字符集后才可以

修改库字符集：alter database joyrun character set utf8;

修改表字符集：alter table tbl_run character set utf8;

修改字段字符集：alter table tbl_run change name name varchar(20) character set utf8;

7、增加一条数据

mysql> insert into tbl_run (id,name) values (1,'xiaoming');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from tbl_run;
+----+----------+
| id | name     |
+----+----------+
|  1 | xiaoming |
+----+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)