二叉树的中序遍历(递归和非递归解法)

递归遍历

结点定义

class TreeNode{
    int val;
    TreeNode* left;
    TreeNode* right;
};
void inorderTraverse(TreeNode* root){
    if (root == nullptr) return;
    inorderTraverse(root->left);
    /*
    需要执行的操作,比如下方的输出结点值
    */
    cout << root->val << endl;
    inorderTraverse(root->right);
}

非递归遍历

方法一:

vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        vector<int> vi;
        if (root == nullptr) return vi;
        while (!st.empty() || root) {
            while (root != nullptr) {
                st.push(root);
                root = root->left;
            }
            root = st.top();
            st.pop();
            vi.push_back(root->val);
            root = root->right;
        }
        return vi;
    }

方法二:

vector<int> inorderTraverse(TreeNode* root){
	stack<TreeNode*> st;
    vector<int> vi;
    while (!st.empty() || root){
        if (root){
            st.push(root);
            root = root->left;
        } else {
            root = st.top();
            st.pop();
            vi.push_back(root->val);
            root = root->right;
        }
    }
    return vi;
}

方法三:Morris 中序遍历

vector<int> inorderTraverse(TreeNode* root){
	stack<int> st;
    vector<int> vi;
    TreeNode* predecessor = nullptr;
    while (!st.empty() && root != nullptr){
        // 如果左子树不为空,寻找其中序遍历的前驱结点
        if (root->left != nullptr){
            predecessor = root->left;
            // 右子树不为空或还没处理
            while (predecessor->right != nullptr && predecessor->right != root){
                predecessor = predecessor->right;
            }
            // 找到了前驱结点,将其右子树指向当前结点
            if (predecessor->right == nullptr){
                predecessor->right = root;
                root = root->left;
            } else { // 左子树已遍历完
                vi.push_back(root->val);
                predecessor->right = nullptr;
                root = root->right;
            }
        } else { // 左子树为空,直接访问当前结点,并指向右子树
            vi.push_back(root->val);
            root = root->right;
        }
    }
}

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