SpringBoot项目使用MySQL数据库，误用数据库关键字

数据库表medicine_info存放的是某机构的药品信息：

CREATE TABLE `medicine_info` (
  `medicine_no` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '药品编码',
  `brand` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '品牌',
  `medicine_generic_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '药品通用名称',
  `medicine_name` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '药品名称',
  `specification` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '规格',
  `category` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '类别',
  `usage` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '用法',
  `dosage` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '使用剂量',
  `users` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '适用人群',
  `specific` varchar(1) NOT NULL COMMENT '是否特效药（0：是，1：不是）',
  `date` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新日期',
  PRIMARY KEY (`medicine_no`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

表中现有一条数据如下：

创建一个新的SpringBoot项目，然后实现向药品信息表medicine_info中添加记录的功能。

1、实体类MedicineInfo.java

package com.cn.demo.dbkeywords.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "medicine_info")
public class MedicineInfo implements Serializable{

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name = "medicine_no")
	private Integer medicineNo;
	
	private String brand;
	
	@Column(name = "medicine_generic_name")
	private String medicineGenericName;
	
	@Column(name = "medicine_name")
	private String medicineName;
	
	private String specification;
	
	private String category;
	
	private String usage;  
	
	private String dosage;
	
	private String users; 
	
	private String specific; 
	
	private Date date;

	public Integer getMedicineNo() {
		return medicineNo;
	}

	public void setMedicineNo(Integer medicineNo) {
		this.medicineNo = medicineNo;
	}

	public String getBrand() {
		return brand;
	}

	public void setBrand(String brand) {
		this.brand = brand;
	}

	public String getMedicineGenericName() {
		return medicineGenericName;
	}

	public void setMedicineGenericName(String medicineGenericName) {
		this.medicineGenericName = medicineGenericName;
	}

	public String getMedicineName() {
		return medicineName;
	}

	public void setMedicineName(String medicineName) {
		this.medicineName = medicineName;
	}

	public String getSpecification() {
		return specification;
	}

	public void setSpecification(String specification) {
		this.specification = specification;
	}

	public String getCategory() {
		return category;
	}

	public void setCategory(String category) {
		this.category = category;
	}

	public String getUsage() {
		return usage;
	}

	public void setUsage(String usage) {
		this.usage = usage;
	}

	public String getDosage() {
		return dosage;
	}

	public void setDosage(String dosage) {
		this.dosage = dosage;
	}

	public String getUsers() {
		return users;
	}

	public void setUsers(String users) {
		this.users = users;
	}

	public String getSpecific() {
		return specific;
	}

	public void setSpecific(String specific) {
		this.specific = specific;
	}

	public Date getDate() {
		return date;
	}

	public void setDate(Date date) {
		this.date = date;
	}
}

2、接口处MedicineInfoRepository.java

package com.cn.demo.dbkeywords.repository;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import com.cn.demo.dbkeywords.entity.MedicineInfo;

public interface MedicineInfoRepository extends JpaRepository{

}

3、服务层MedicineInfoService.java

package com.cn.demo.dbkeywords.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.cn.demo.dbkeywords.entity.MedicineInfo;
import com.cn.demo.dbkeywords.repository.MedicineInfoRepository;


@Service
public class MedicineInfoService {
	@Autowired
	private MedicineInfoRepository medicineInfoRepository;

	public void addMedicine(MedicineInfo medicineInfo) {
		medicineInfoRepository.save(medicineInfo);
	}
}

4、控制层MedicineInfoController.java

package com.cn.demo.dbkeywords.controller;

import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.cn.demo.dbkeywords.entity.MedicineInfo;
import com.cn.demo.dbkeywords.service.MedicineInfoService;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class MedicineInfoController {
	@Autowired
	private MedicineInfoService medicineInfoService;
	
	@RequestMapping(value = "/addMedicine", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public void addMedicine(@RequestBody MedicineInfo medicineInfo) {
		medicineInfo.setDate(new Date());
		medicineInfoService.addMedicine(medicineInfo);
	}
}

 运行程序，使用postman测试：

 响应结果如下：

控制台错误信息如下：

Hibernate: select medicinein0_.medicine_no as medicine1_2_0_, medicinein0_.brand as brand2_2_0_, medicinein0_.category as category3_2_0_, medicinein0_.date as date4_2_0_, medicinein0_.dosage as dosage5_2_0_, medicinein0_.medicine_generic_name as medicine6_2_0_, medicinein0_.medicine_name as medicine7_2_0_, medicinein0_.specific as specific8_2_0_, medicinein0_.specification as specific9_2_0_, medicinein0_.usage as usage10_2_0_, medicinein0_.users as users11_2_0_ from medicine_info medicinein0_ where medicinein0_.medicine_no=?
Hibernate: insert into medicine_info (brand, category, date, dosage, medicine_generic_name, medicine_name, specific, specification, usage, users) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
2019-10-25 16:35:00.498  WARN 40996 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : SQL Error: 1064, SQLState: 42000
2019-10-25 16:35:00.499 ERROR 40996 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'specific, specification, usage, users) values ('京都念慈菴', '中药', '201' at line 1
2019-10-25 16:35:00.506 ERROR 40996 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[.[dispatcherServlet]      : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [/test] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException: could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not execute statement] with root cause

java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'specific, specification, usage, users) values ('京都念慈菴', '中药', '201' at line 1

可以看到，提示在specific的附近。

 specific是MySQL数据库的关键字，不能使用关键字作为数据库中的字段名。将其修改如下：

同时修改实体类MedicineInfo.java中的specific如下：

 重新生成get和set方法：

重启程序，再次测试，控制台报错如下：

2019-10-25 17:02:21.923  INFO 50572 --- [nio-9000-exec-2] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/test]   : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2019-10-25 17:02:21.923  INFO 50572 --- [nio-9000-exec-2] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2019-10-25 17:02:21.930  INFO 50572 --- [nio-9000-exec-2] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 7 ms
Hibernate: select medicinein0_.medicine_no as medicine1_2_0_, medicinein0_.brand as brand2_2_0_, medicinein0_.category as category3_2_0_, medicinein0_.date as date4_2_0_, medicinein0_.dosage as dosage5_2_0_, medicinein0_.is_specific as is_speci6_2_0_, medicinein0_.medicine_generic_name as medicine7_2_0_, medicinein0_.medicine_name as medicine8_2_0_, medicinein0_.specification as specific9_2_0_, medicinein0_.usage as usage10_2_0_, medicinein0_.users as users11_2_0_ from medicine_info medicinein0_ where medicinein0_.medicine_no=?
Hibernate: insert into medicine_info (brand, category, date, dosage, is_specific, medicine_generic_name, medicine_name, specification, usage, users) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
2019-10-25 17:02:22.244  WARN 50572 --- [nio-9000-exec-2] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : SQL Error: 1064, SQLState: 42000
2019-10-25 17:02:22.244 ERROR 50572 --- [nio-9000-exec-2] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'usage, users) values ('京都念慈菴', '中药', '2019-10-25 17:02:22.002', '' at line 1
2019-10-25 17:02:22.259 ERROR 50572 --- [nio-9000-exec-2] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[.[dispatcherServlet]      : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [/test] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException: could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not execute statement] with root cause

java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'usage, users) values ('京都念慈菴', '中药', '2019-10-25 17:02:22.002', '' at line 1

提示usage也是数据库关键字，按上面的方式修改数据库，实体类修改如下：

重启再次测试 

数据库中多了一条记录：

 总结：specific和usage都是MySQL数据库的关键字，date不是。在设计数据库表时要避免数据库的关键字！！！