Maya Python游戏与影视编程指南阅读笔记——第八章

创建依附窗口
posemgr.py文件

import maya.cmds as cmds
import maya.mel as mel
import os, cPickle, sys, time

kPoseFileExtension = 'pse'

def showUI():
    """实例化姿势管理器窗口的函数"""
    return AR_PoseManagerWindow.showUI()

class AR_PoseManagerWindow(object):
    """基本姿势管理器窗口的类"""
    @classmethod
    def showUI(cls):
        """实例化姿势管理器窗口的函数"""
        win = cls()
        win.create()
        return win
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化数据属性"""
        ## 独特的窗把手
        self.window = 'ar_poseManagerWindow'
        ## 窗口标题
        self.title = 'Pose Manager'
        ## 窗口大小
        self.size = (300, 174)
        if mel.eval('getApplicationVersionAsFloat()') > 2010.0:
            self.size = (300, 150)
        ## 在可写位置存储姿势的临时文件
        self.tempFile = os.path.join(
            os.path.expanduser('~'),
            'temp_pose.%s'%kPoseFileExtension
        )
        ## 当前剪贴板状态消息
        self.clipboardStat = 'No pose currently copied.'
        if (os.path.exists(self.tempFile)):
            self.clipboardStat = 'Old pose currently copied to clipboard.'
        ## 要在文件浏览器中显示的文件筛选器
        self.fileFilter = 'Pose (*.%s)'%kPoseFileExtension
    def create(self):
        """绘制窗口"""
        # 如果窗口存在句柄，则删除该窗口
        if(cmds.window(self.window, exists=True)):
            cmds.deleteUI(self.window, window=True)
        # 初始化窗口
        self.window = cmds.window(self.window, title=self.title, wh=self.size, s=False)
        # 主窗体布局
        self.mainForm = cmds.formLayout()
        # 复制/粘贴框架
        self.copyPasteFrame = cmds.frameLayout(l='Copy and Paste Poses')
        # 框架内的窗体布局
        self.copyPasteForm = cmds.formLayout()
        # 在两列网格中创建按钮
        self.copyPasteGrid = cmds.gridLayout(cw=self.size[0]/2-2, nc=2)
        self.copyBtn = cmds.button(l='Copy Pose', c=self.copyBtnCmd)
        self.pasteBtn = cmds.button(l='Paste Pose', c=self.pasteBtnCmd)
        # 带剪贴板状态标签的滚动视图
        cmds.setParent(self.copyPasteForm)
        self.clipboardLayout = cmds.scrollLayout(h=42, w=self.size[0]-4)
        self.clipboardLbl = cmds.text(l=self.clipboardStat)
        # 在复制粘贴窗体中附加控件
        ac = []; af = []
        ac.append([self.clipboardLayout,'top',0,self.copyPasteGrid])
        af.append([self.copyPasteGrid,'top',0])
        af.append([self.clipboardLayout,'bottom',0])
        cmds.formLayout(
            self.copyPasteForm, e=True,
            attachControl=ac, attachForm=af
        )
        # 保存/加载框架
        cmds.setParent(self.mainForm)
        self.loadSaveFrame = cmds.frameLayout(l='Save and Load Poses')
        # 在两列网格中创建按钮
        self.loadSaveBtnLayout = cmds.gridLayout(cw=self.size[0]/2-2, nc=2)
        self.saveBtn = cmds.button(l='Save Pose', c=self.saveBtnCmd)
        self.loadBtn = cmds.button(l='Load Pose', c=self.loadBtnCmd)
        # 将框架附加到主窗体
        ac = []; af = []
        ac.append([self.loadSaveFrame,'top',0,self.copyPasteFrame])
        af.append([self.copyPasteFrame,'top',0])
        af.append([self.copyPasteFrame,'left',0])
        af.append([self.copyPasteFrame,'right',0])
        af.append([self.loadSaveFrame,'bottom',0])
        af.append([self.loadSaveFrame,'left',0])
        af.append([self.loadSaveFrame,'right',0])
        cmds.formLayout(
            self.mainForm, e=True,
            attachControl=ac, attachForm=af
        )
        # 显示窗口
        cmds.showWindow(self.window)
        # 强制窗口大小
        cmds.window(self.window, e=True, wh=self.size)
    def getSelection(self):
        rootNodes = cmds.ls(sl=True, type='transform')
        if rootNodes is None or len(rootNodes) < 1:
            cmds.confirmDialog(t='Error', b=['OK'],
                m='Please select one or more transform nodes.')
            return None
        else: return rootNodes
    def copyBtnCmd(self, *args):
        """当按下复制姿势按钮时调用"""
        rootNodes = self.getSelection()
        if rootNodes is None: return
        cmds.text(
            self.clipboardLbl, e=True,
            l='Pose copied at %s for %s.'%(
                time.strftime('%I:%M'),
                ''.join('%s, '%t for t in rootNodes)[:-3]
            )
        )
        exportPose(self.tempFile, rootNodes)
    def pasteBtnCmd(self, *args):
        """当按下粘贴姿势按钮时调用"""
        if not os.path.exists(self.tempFile): return
        importPose(self.tempFile)
    def saveBtnCmd(self, *args):
        """当按下保存姿势按钮时调用"""
        rootNodes = self.getSelection()
        if rootNodes is None: return
        filePath = ''
        # 2011及更新版本的使用 fileDialog2
        try:
            filePath = cmds.fileDialog2(
                ff=self.fileFilter, fileMode=0
            )
        # BUG: 在某些版本的OS X上，Maya 2008和更早的版本可能会返回目录名和文件名之间没有分隔符的路径:e.g., /users/adam/Desktopuntitled.pse
        except:
            filePath = cmds.fileDialog(
                dm='*.%s'%kPoseFileExtension, mode=1
            )
        # 提前退出对话被取消
        if filePath is None or len(filePath) < 1: return
        if isinstance(filePath, list): filePath = filePath[0]
        exportPose(filePath, cmds.ls(sl=True, type='transform'))
    def loadBtnCmd(self, *args):
        """按下加载姿势按钮时调用"""
        filePath = ''
        # 玛雅2011及更新版本的使用 fileDialog2
        try:
            filePath = cmds.fileDialog2(
                ff=self.fileFilter, fileMode=1
            )
        except:
            filePath = cmds.fileDialog(
                dm='*.%s'%kPoseFileExtension, mode=0
            )
        # 提前退出对话被取消
        if filePath is None or len(filePath) < 1: return
        if isinstance(filePath, list): filePath = filePath[0]
        importPose(filePath)

def exportPose(filePath, rootNodes):
    """在文件路径处为根节点及其子节点保存姿势文件"""
    # try to open the file
    try: f = open(filePath, 'w')
    except:
        cmds.confirmDialog(
            t='Error', b=['OK'],
            m='Unable to write file: %s'%filePath
        )
        raise
    # 建立层次结构数据列表
    data = saveHiearchy(rootNodes, [])
    # 保存序列化数据
    cPickle.dump(data, f)
    # 关闭文件
    f.close()

def saveHiearchy(rootNodes, data):
    """将所有可设置关键帧属性的属性值附加到数据数组"""
    # 遍历提供的节点
    for node in rootNodes:
        # 跳过非转换节点
        nodeType = cmds.nodeType(node)
        if not (nodeType=='transform' or 
            nodeType=='joint'): continue
        # 获取动画属性
        keyableAttrs = cmds.listAttr(node, keyable=True)
        if keyableAttrs is not None:
            for attr in keyableAttrs:
                data.append(['%s.%s'%(node,attr), 
                    cmds.getAttr('%s.%s'%(node,attr))])
        # 如果有子级，则重复相同的过程并附加其数据
        children = cmds.listRelatives(node, children=True)
        if children is not None: saveHiearchy(children, data)
    return data

def importPose(filePath):
    """导入存储在filePath中的姿势数据"""
    # 尝试打开文件
    try: f = open(filePath, 'r')
    except:
        cmds.confirmDialog(
            t='Error', b=['OK'],
            m='Unable to open file: %s'%filePath
        )
        raise
    # 取消pickle数据
    pose = cPickle.load(f)
    # 关闭文件
    f.close()
    # 将属性设置为存储的姿势
    errAttrs = []
    for attrValue in pose:
        try: cmds.setAttr(attrValue[0], attrValue[1])
        except:
            try: errAttrs.append(attrValue[0])
            except: errAttrs.append(attrValue)
    # 如果需要，显示错误消息
    if len(errAttrs) > 0:
        importErrorWindow(errAttrs)
        sys.stderr.write('Not all attributes could be loaded.')

def importErrorWindow(errAttrs):
    """导入姿势时，如果有未知属性，将显示一个错误窗口"""
    win='ar_errorWindow'
    # 关闭窗口的函数
    def dismiss(*args):
        cmds.deleteUI(win, window=True)
    # 如果存在该窗口，则将其销毁
    if cmds.window(win, exists=True):
        dismiss()
    # 创建窗口
    size = (300, 200)
    cmds.window(
        win, wh=size, s=False,
        t='Unknown Attributes'
    )
    mainForm = cmds.formLayout()
    # 信息标签
    infoLbl = cmds.text(l='The following attributes could not be found.\nThey are being ignored.', al='left')
    # 显示无法加载的属性列表
    scroller = cmds.scrollLayout(w=size[0])
    errStr = ''.join('\t- %s\n'%a for a in errAttrs).rstrip()
    cmds.text(l=errStr, al='left')
    # 关闭按钮
    btn = cmds.button(l='OK', c=dismiss, p=mainForm, h=26)
    # 附加控件
    ac = []; af=[];
    ac.append([scroller,'top',5,infoLbl])
    ac.append([scroller,'bottom',5,btn])
    af.append([infoLbl,'top',5])
    af.append([infoLbl,'left',5])
    af.append([infoLbl,'right',5])
    af.append([scroller,'left',0])
    af.append([scroller,'right',0])
    af.append([btn,'left',5])
    af.append([btn,'right',5])
    af.append([btn,'bottom',5])
    cmds.formLayout(
        mainForm, e=True,
        attachControl=ac, attachForm=af
    )
    # 显示窗口
    cmds.window(win, e=True, wh=size)
    cmds.showWindow(win)
    
    

example.py文件

import maya.cmds as cmds
import posemgr

#创建窗口
pwin = posemgr.AR_PoseManagerWindow()
pwin.create()

#设置可见
cmds.toggleWindowVisibility(pwin.window)

#设置布局
layout = cmds.paneLayout(configuration='single')
dock = cmds.dockControl(
    label=pwin.title,
    width=pwin.size[0],
    allowedArea='all',
    area='right',
    floating=False,
    content=layout
)

#添加窗口
cmds.control(pwin.window, e=True, p=layout)

输出结果：

加载ui界面，创建窗口
cone.ui文件

<ui version="4.0">
<class>ar_conePtrWindow</class>
<widget class="QMainWindow" name="ar_conePtrWindow">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>0</x>
<y>0</y>
<width>300</width>
<height>200</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="windowTitle">
<string>Create Cone Pointer</string>
</property>
<widget class="QWidget" name="centralwidget">
<widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>69</x>
<y>130</y>
<width>161</width>
<height>32</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>Create Cone Pointer</string>
</property>
<property name="+command" stdset="0">
<string>AR_QtConePtrWindow.use.createBtnCmd</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QLabel" name="label">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>20</x>
<y>20</y>
<width>81</width>
<height>16</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>Y-Rotation:</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QLineEdit" name="inputRotation">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>110</x>
<y>20</y>
<width>110</width>
<height>22</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="text">
<string>0.0</string>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QDial" name="dialRotation">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>240</x>
<y>10</y>
<width>41</width>
<height>41</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="maximum">
<number>360</number>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QSpinBox" name="spinBox">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>250</x>
<y>20</y>
<width>20</width>
<height>20</height>
</rect>
</property>
<property name="maximum">
<number>360</number>
</property>
</widget>
<zorder>spinBox</zorder>
<zorder>pushButton</zorder>
<zorder>label</zorder>
<zorder>inputRotation</zorder>
<zorder>dialRotation</zorder>
</widget>
<widget class="QMenuBar" name="menubar">
<property name="geometry">
<rect>
<x>0</x>
<y>0</y>
<width>300</width>
<height>22</height>
</rect>
</property>
</widget>
<widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusbar"/>
</widget>
<resources/>
<connections>
<connection>
<sender>dialRotation</sender>
<signal>valueChanged(int)</signal>
<receiver>spinBox</receiver>
<slot>setValue(int)</slot>
<hints>
<hint type="sourcelabel">
<x>265</x>
<y>47</y>
</hint>
<hint type="destinationlabel">
<x>167</x>
<y>105</y>
</hint>
</hints>
</connection>
<connection>
<sender>spinBox</sender>
<signal>valueChanged(QString)</signal>
<receiver>inputRotation</receiver>
<slot>setText(QString)</slot>
<hints>
<hint type="sourcelabel">
<x>150</x>
<y>99</y>
</hint>
<hint type="destinationlabel">
<x>148</x>
<y>48</y>
</hint>
</hints>
</connection>
</connections>
</ui>

loadUI.py文件

import maya.cmds as cmds
import os

class AR_QtConePtrWindow(object):
    """一个创建定向圆锥体的窗口类"""
    ## 引用最近的实例
    use = None
    @classmethod
    def showUI(cls, uiFile):
        """实例化窗口函数"""
        win = cls(uiFile)
        win.create()
        return win
    def __init__(self, filePath):
        """实例化属性"""
        ## 允许控件使用类属性初始化
        AR_QtConePtrWindow.use = self
        ## 唯一的窗口句柄
        self.window = 'ar_conePtrWindow'
        ## 旋转输入名称
        self.rotField = 'inputRotation'
        ## ui文件路径
        self.uiFile = filePath
    def create(self, verbose=False):
        """绘制窗口"""
        # 如果窗口已经存在，删除窗口
        if cmds.window(self.window, exists=True):
            cmds.deleteUI(self.window)
        # 加载ui文件，创建窗口
        self.window = cmds.loadUI(
            uiFile=self.uiFile,
            verbose=verbose
        )
        cmds.showWindow(self.window)
    def createBtnCmd(self, *args):
        """按下创建按钮时执行的函数"""
        rotation = None
        # 以浮点形式获取输入
        try:
            ctrlPath = '|'.join(
                [self.window, 'centralwidget', self.rotField]
            )
            rotation = float(
                cmds.textField(ctrlPath, q=True, text=True)
            )
        except: raise
        # 创建一个圆锥体并将其旋转到正确的方向
        cone = cmds.polyCone()
        cmds.setAttr('%s.rx'%cone[0], 90)
        cmds.rotate(0, rotation, 0, cone[0], relative=True)

#创建窗口并显示
win = AR_QtConePtrWindow(
    os.path.join(
        os.getenv('HOME'),
        'cone.ui'
    )
)
win.create(verbose = True)

输出结果：