python scrapy 爬虫_python scrapy爬虫代码及填坑

涉及到详情页爬取

目录结构:

kaoshi_bqg.py

import scrapy

from scrapy.spiders import Rule

from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor

from ..items import BookBQGItem

class KaoshiBqgSpider(scrapy.Spider):

name = 'kaoshi_bqg'

allowed_domains = ['biquge5200.cc']

start_urls = ['https://www.biquge5200.cc/xuanhuanxiaoshuo/']

rules = (

# 编写匹配文章列表的规则

Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'https://www.biquge5200.cc/xuanhuanxiaoshuo/'), follow=True),

# 匹配文章详情

Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'.+/[0-9]{1-3}_[0-9]{2-6}/'), callback='parse_item', follow=False),

)

# 小书书名

def parse(self, response):

a_list = response.xpath('//*[@id="newscontent"]/div[1]/ul//li//span[1]/a')

for li in a_list:

name = li.xpath(".//text()").get()

detail_url = li.xpath(".//@href").get()

yield scrapy.Request(url=detail_url, callback=self.parse_book, meta={'info': name})

# 单本书所有的章节名

def parse_book(self, response):

name = response.meta.get('info')

list_a = response.xpath('//*[@id="list"]/dl/dd[position()>20]//a')

for li in list_a:

chapter = li.xpath(".//text()").get()

url = li.xpath(".//@href").get()

yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse_content, meta={'info': (name, chapter)})

# 每章节内容

def parse_content(self, response):

name, chapter = response.meta.get('info')

content = response.xpath('//*[@id="content"]//p/text()').getall()

item = BookBQGItem(name=name, chapter=chapter, content=content)

yield item

xmly.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import scrapy

from ..items import BookXMLYItem, BookChapterItem

class XmlySpider(scrapy.Spider):

name = 'xmly'

allowed_domains = ['ximalaya.com']

start_urls = ['https://www.ximalaya.com/youshengshu/wenxue/']

def parse(self, response):

div_details = response.xpath('//*[@id="root"]/main/section/div/div/div[3]/div[1]/div/div[2]/ul/li/div')

# details = div_details[::3]

for details in div_details:

book_id = details.xpath('./div/a/@href').get().split('/')[-2]

book_name = details.xpath('./a[1]/@title').get()

book_author = details.xpath('./a[2]/text()').get() # 作者

book_url = details.xpath('./div/a/@href').get()

url = 'https://www.ximalaya.com' + book_url

# print(book_id, book_name, book_author, url)

item = BookXMLYItem(book_id=book_id, book_name=book_name, book_author=book_author, book_url=url)

yield item

yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse_details, meta={'info': book_id})

def parse_details(self, response):

book_id = response.meta.get('info')

div_details = response.xpath('//*[@id="anchor_sound_list"]/div[2]/ul/li/div[2]')

for details in div_details:

chapter_id = details.xpath('./a/@href').get().split('/')[-1]

chapter_name = details.xpath('./a/text()').get()

chapter_url = details.xpath('./a/@href').get()

url = 'https://www.ximalaya.com' + chapter_url

item = BookChapterItem(book_id=book_id, chapter_id=chapter_id, chapter_name=chapter_name, chapter_url=url)

yield item

item.py

import scrapy

# 笔趣阁字段

class BookBQGItem(scrapy.Item):

name = scrapy.Field()

chapter = scrapy.Field()

content = scrapy.Field()

# 喜马拉雅 字段

class BookXMLYItem(scrapy.Item):

book_name = scrapy.Field()

book_id = scrapy.Field()

book_url = scrapy.Field()

book_author = scrapy.Field()

# 喜马拉雅详情字段

class BookChapterItem(scrapy.Item):

book_id = scrapy.Field()

chapter_id = scrapy.Field()

chapter_name = scrapy.Field()

chapter_url = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

from scrapy.exporters import JsonLinesItemExporter

import os

class BqgPipeline(object):

def process_item(self, item, spider):

xs = '小说集'

name = item['name']

xs_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), xs)

fiction_path = os.path.join(xs_path, name)

# print(os.path.dirname(__file__)) D:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/wh1901/biquge.com

# print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))) D:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/wh1901

if not os.path.exists(xs_path): # 如果目录不存在

os.mkdir(xs_path)

if not os.path.exists(fiction_path):

os.mkdir(fiction_path) # 创建目录

chapter = item['chapter']

content = item['content']

file_path = os.path.join(fiction_path, chapter) + '.txt' # 在 该目录下面创建 xx .txt 文件

with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:

fp.write(content + '\n')

print('保存成功')

# class XmlyPipeline(object):

# def __init__(self):

# self.fp = open("xmly.json", 'wb')

# # JsonLinesItemExporter 调度器

# self.exporter = JsonLinesItemExporter(self.fp, ensure_ascii=False)

#

# def process_item(self, item, spider):

# self.exporter.export_item(item)

# return item

#

# def close_item(self):

# self.fp.close()

# print("爬虫结束")

starts.py

from scrapy import cmdline

cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl kaoshi_bqg".split())

# cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl xmly".split())

然后是爬取到的数据

小说

xmly.json

记录一下爬取过程中遇到的一点点问题:

在爬取详情页的的时候, 刚开始不知道怎么获取详情页的 url 以及 上一个页面拿到的字段

也就是 yield 返回 请求详情页 里面的参数没有很好地理解

meta：从其他请求传过来的meta属性，可以用来保持多个请求之间的数据连接。

url：这个request对象发送请求的url。

callback：在下载器下载完相应的数据后执行的回调函数。

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。