Docker的简单安装

第一种方法:在yum源正常的情况下

1.设置存储库

安装所需的包。yum-utils提供了yum-config-manager 效用,并device-mapper-persistent-data和lvm2由需要 devicemapper存储驱动程序。

$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils \

  device-mapper-persistent-data \

  lvm2

使用以下命令设置稳定存储库。

$ sudo yum-config-manager \

    --add-repo \

    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

可选:启用夜间或测试存储库。

这些存储库包含在docker.repo上面的文件中,但默认情况下处于禁用状态。您可以将它们与稳定存储库一起启用。以下命令启用夜间存储库。

$ sudo yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-nightly

2.由于yum源的原因 需要先强制安装两个依赖包

安装DOCKER CE

安装最新版本的Docker CE和containerd,或者转到下一步安装特定版本:

$ sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

启动 Docker 后台服务

sudo systemctl start docker

测试运行 hello-world

[root@runoob ~]# docker run hello-world

 

 

Docker 安装 Tomcat

方法一、docker pull tomcat

查找Docker Hub上的tomcat镜像

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker search tomcat

NAME                       DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED

tomcat                     Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   744       [OK]      

dordoka/tomcat             Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba...   19                   [OK]

consol/tomcat-7.0          Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin"              16                   [OK]

consol/tomcat-8.0          Tomcat 8.0.15, 8080, "admin/admin"              14                   [OK]

cloudesire/tomcat          Tomcat server, 6/7/8                            8                    [OK]

davidcaste/alpine-tomcat   Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 wi...   6                    [OK]

andreptb/tomcat            Debian Jessie based image with Apache Tomc...   4                    [OK]

kieker/tomcat                                                              2                    [OK]

fbrx/tomcat                Minimal Tomcat image based on Alpine Linux      2                    [OK]

jtech/tomcat               Latest Tomcat production distribution on l...   1                    [OK]

这里我们拉取官方的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker pull tomcat

等待下载完成后,我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORYtomcat的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker images|grep tomcat

tomcat              latest              70f819d3d2d9        7 days ago          335.8 MB

方法二、通过 Dockerfile 构建

创建Dockerfile

首先,创建目录tomcat,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/tomcat/webapps ~/tomcat/logs ~/tomcat/conf

webapps目录将映射为tomcat容器配置的应用程序目录

logs目录将映射为tomcat容器的日志目录

conf目录里的配置文件将映射为tomcat容器的配置文件

进入创建的tomcat目录,创建Dockerfile

FROM openjdk:8-jre

 

ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/tomcat

ENV PATH $CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH

RUN mkdir -p "$CATALINA_HOME"

WORKDIR $CATALINA_HOME

 

# let "Tomcat Native" live somewhere isolated

ENV TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR $CATALINA_HOME/native-jni-lib

ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:}$TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR

 

# runtime dependencies for Tomcat Native Libraries

# Tomcat Native 1.2+ requires a newer version of OpenSSL than debian:jessie has available

# > checking OpenSSL library version >= 1.0.2...

# > configure: error: Your version of OpenSSL is not compatible with this version of tcnative

# see http://tomcat.10.x6.nabble.com/VOTE-Release-Apache-Tomcat-8-0-32-tp5046007p5046024.html (and following discussion)

# and https://github.com/docker-library/tomcat/pull/31

ENV OPENSSL_VERSION 1.1.0f-3+deb9u2

RUN set -ex; \

    currentVersion="$(dpkg-query --show --showformat '${Version}\n' openssl)"; \

    if dpkg --compare-versions "$currentVersion" '<<' "$OPENSSL_VERSION"; then \

        if ! grep -q stretch /etc/apt/sources.list; then \

# only add stretch if we're not already building from within stretch

            { \

                echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main'; \

                echo 'deb http://security.debian.org stretch/updates main'; \

                echo 'deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates main'; \

            } > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/stretch.list; \

            { \

# add a negative "Pin-Priority" so that we never ever get packages from stretch unless we explicitly request them

                echo 'Package: *'; \

                echo 'Pin: release n=stretch*'; \

                echo 'Pin-Priority: -10'; \

                echo; \

# ... except OpenSSL, which is the reason we're here

                echo 'Package: openssl libssl*'; \

                echo "Pin: version $OPENSSL_VERSION"; \

                echo 'Pin-Priority: 990'; \

            } > /etc/apt/preferences.d/stretch-openssl; \

        fi; \

        apt-get update; \

        apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends openssl="$OPENSSL_VERSION"; \

        rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \

    fi

 

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

        libapr1 \

    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

 

# see https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/KEYS

# see also "update.sh" (https://github.com/docker-library/tomcat/blob/master/update.sh)

ENV GPG_KEYS 05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23

 

ENV TOMCAT_MAJOR 8

ENV TOMCAT_VERSION 8.5.32

ENV TOMCAT_SHA512 fc010f4643cb9996cad3812594190564d0a30be717f659110211414faf8063c61fad1f18134154084ad3ddfbbbdb352fa6686a28fbb6402d3207d4e0a88fa9ce

 

ENV TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS \

# https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/INFRA-8753?focusedCommentId=14735394#comment-14735394

    https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz \

# if the version is outdated, we might have to pull from the dist/archive :/

    https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz \

    https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz \

    https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz

 

ENV TOMCAT_ASC_URLS \

    https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?action=download&filename=tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc \

# not all the mirrors actually carry the .asc files :'(

    https://www-us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc \

    https://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc \

    https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc

 

RUN set -eux; \

    \

    savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \

    apt-get update; \

    \

    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gnupg dirmngr; \

    \

    export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \

    for key in $GPG_KEYS; do \

        gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \

    done; \

    \

    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates; \

    \

    success=; \

    for url in $TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS; do \

        if wget -O tomcat.tar.gz "$url"; then \

            success=1; \

            break; \

        fi; \

    done; \

    [ -n "$success" ]; \

    \

    echo "$TOMCAT_SHA512 *tomcat.tar.gz" | sha512sum -c -; \

    \

    success=; \

    for url in $TOMCAT_ASC_URLS; do \

        if wget -O tomcat.tar.gz.asc "$url"; then \

            success=1; \

            break; \

        fi; \

    done; \

    [ -n "$success" ]; \

    \

    gpg --batch --verify tomcat.tar.gz.asc tomcat.tar.gz; \

    tar -xvf tomcat.tar.gz --strip-components=1; \

    rm bin/*.bat; \

    rm tomcat.tar.gz*; \

    rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME"; \

    \

    nativeBuildDir="$(mktemp -d)"; \

    tar -xvf bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz -C "$nativeBuildDir" --strip-components=1; \

    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

        dpkg-dev \

        gcc \

        libapr1-dev \

        libssl-dev \

        make \

        "openjdk-${JAVA_VERSION%%[.~bu-]*}-jdk=$JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION" \

    ; \

    ( \

        export CATALINA_HOME="$PWD"; \

        cd "$nativeBuildDir/native"; \

        gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"; \

        ./configure \

            --build="$gnuArch" \

            --libdir="$TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR" \

            --prefix="$CATALINA_HOME" \

            --with-apr="$(which apr-1-config)" \

            --with-java-home="$(docker-java-home)" \

            --with-ssl=yes; \

        make -j "$(nproc)"; \

        make install; \

    ); \

    rm -rf "$nativeBuildDir"; \

    rm bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz; \

    \

# reset apt-mark's "manual" list so that "purge --auto-remove" will remove all build dependencies

    apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \

    [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; \

    apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \

    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \

    \

# sh removes env vars it doesn't support (ones with periods)

# https://github.com/docker-library/tomcat/issues/77

    find ./bin/ -name '*.sh' -exec sed -ri 's|^#!/bin/sh$|#!/usr/bin/env bash|' '{}' +

 

# verify Tomcat Native is working properly

RUN set -e \

    && nativeLines="$(catalina.sh configtest 2>&1)" \

    && nativeLines="$(echo "$nativeLines" | grep 'Apache Tomcat Native')" \

    && nativeLines="$(echo "$nativeLines" | sort -u)" \

    && if ! echo "$nativeLines" | grep 'INFO: Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library' >&2; then \

        echo >&2 "$nativeLines"; \

        exit 1; \

    fi

 

EXPOSE 8080

CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"]

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像,替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker build -t tomcat .

创建完成后,我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker images|grep tomcat

tomcat              latest              70f819d3d2d9        7 days ago          335.8 MB


使用tomcat镜像

运行容器

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker run --name tomcat -p 8080:8080 -v $PWD/test:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test -d tomcat 

acb33fcb4beb8d7f1ebace6f50f5fc204b1dbe9d524881267aa715c61cf75320

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$

命令说明:

-p 8080:8080将容器的8080端口映射到主机的8080端口

-v $PWD/test:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test将主机中当前目录下的test挂载到容器的/test

查看容器启动情况

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker ps

CONTAINER ID    IMAGE     COMMAND               ... PORTS                    NAMES

acb33fcb4beb    tomcat    "catalina.sh run"     ... 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp   tomcat

通过浏览器访问

有时,可能只想列出所有容器的ID。为此,你有 -q 参数:
 

$ docker container ls -q


你可能想知道这有什么用。这里有个例子:
 

$ docker container rm -f $(docker container ls -a -q)


上面的命令删除当前在系统上定义的所有容器,包括已停止的容器。rm命令代表删除,将在本教程中进一步解释。

在上一节中,您在list命令中使用了-l参数。尝试使用Docker帮助找出-l参数代表什么。您可以为list命令调用help,如下所示:
 

$ docker container ls -h


 

停止和启动容器

有时,你可能需要暂时停止正在运行的容器。试试以下这个容器:
 

$ docker container run -d --name quotes alpine \   /bin/sh -c "while :; do wget -qO- https://talaikis.com/api/quotes/random; printf '\n'; sleep 5; done"


现在,你可以使用以下命令停止此容器:
 

$ docker container stop quotes


当你尝试暂停容器时,可能会注意到它需要一段时间(大约10秒)才能执行完成。为什么会这样? Docker将 Linux SIGTERM信号发送到容器内运行的主进程。

在上面的命令中,容器的名称用于指定要停止的容器。也可以使用容器ID。
 

你如何获得容器ID?

有几种方法可以做到这一点。手动方法是列出所有正在运行的容器,并在列表中找到您要查找的容器。只需从那里复制其ID。

更自动化的方法是使用shell脚本和环境变量。例如,如果要获取引号容器的ID,这是一个示例:
 

$ export CONTAINER_ID = $(docker container ls | grep quotes | awk '{print $1}')


这里我们使用AWK获取第一个字段,即容器ID。现在,您可以在表达式中使用$CONTAINER_ID变量,而不是使用容器名称:
 

$ docker container stop $CONTAINER_ID


一旦停止容器后,其状态将更改为“已退出”。

你可以使用docker container start命令重新启动已停止的容器。
 

移除容器

运行docker container ls -a命令时,您可以看到很多处于“已退出”状态的容器。

如果您不再需要这些容器,最好将它们从内存中删除;否则,他们会占用宝贵的资源。删除容器的命令如下:
 

$ docker container rm 


或者,也可以使用此命令:
 

$ docker container rm 

 

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