本系列笔记由「才思汇·啃报告小分队」出品，特别感谢小伙伴@丁_丁和@王振谦的整理。
着力缓解企业融资难融资贵问题。
We will work hard to alleviate the difficulties faced by enterprises in accessing affordable financing.
注：
企业融资难融资贵问题
the difficulties faced by enterprises in accessing affordable financing
· alleviate表示“缓解”（to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe）
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告
：产业扶贫 alleviate poverty through the development of local industries；生态扶贫 alleviate poverty through the development and conservation of local ecological resources；改革完善货币信贷投放机制，
We will reform and refine monetary and credit supply mechanisms,
注：
货币信贷投放机制
monetary and credit supply mechanisms
· refine表示“完善”（to improve an idea, method, system, etc. by making small changes）
· monetary表示“货币的，金融的”（relating to the money in a country）
· mechanism表示“体制，结构方式” (a way of doing something that is planned or part of a system)
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告
和2019年报告Part 8
：疏通货币政策传导渠道 improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy；适时运用存款准备金率、利率等数量和价格手段，
and employ as needed a combination of quantitative and pricing approaches, like required reserve ratios and interest rates,
注：
存款准备金率
required reserve ratios
利率
interest rates
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告
：差别化准备金、差异化信贷等政策 differentiated reserve ratio and credit policies引导金融机构扩大信贷投放、降低贷款成本，
to guide financial institutions in increasing credit supply and bringing down the cost of borrowing,
注：
金融机构
financial institutions
降低贷款成本
bring down the cost of borrowing
扩大信贷投放
increase credit supply
上文的“货币信贷投放机制”：monetary and credit supply mechanisms
精准有效支持实体经济，
ensure targeted and efficient support for the real economy,
注：
实体经济
the real economy
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告
：更好服务实体经济 to better serve the real economy不能让资金空转或脱实向虚。
and avoid funds circulating within the financial sector without entering the real economy or being diverted out of the real economy.
注：
资金空转
funds circulating within the financial sector without entering the real economy
资金空转，狭义上指资金在金融体系多个机构间流转（银行、保险、信托），没有流入或者至少是没有直接流入实体经济。
脱实向虚
be diverted out of the real economy
脱实向虚，从字面上理解为，脱离实体经济的投资、生产、流通，转向虚拟经济的投资。
· circulate表示“（使）循环；（使）流通；（使）传递”（to go around or through something, or to make something go around or through something）
加大对中小银行定向降准力度，
More targeted cuts will be made to required reserve ratios for medium and small banks;
注：
中小型银行
medium and small banks
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告
：定向降准 targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts释放的资金全部用于民营和小微企业贷款。
the additional funds thus released will be lent to private enterprises and small and micro businesses.
注：
民营企业
private enterprises
小微企业
small and micro businesses
支持大型商业银行多渠道补充资本，
We will support large commercial banks in replenishing capital through multiple channels,
注：
大型商业银行
large commercial banks
· replenish表示“补充；重新装满”（to make sth full again by replacing what has been used）
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告Part 10
：充实社保基金 replenish social security funds;
2018年报告
：充实社保基金 replenish social security funds;
2017年报告
：充实社保基金 enlarge social security funds;
2016年报告
：制定划转部分国有资本充实社保基金办法 work out methods for putting a portion of state capital into social security funds.增强信贷投放能力，
strengthen their capacity to supply credit,
鼓励增加制造业中长期贷款和信用贷款。
and encourage them to increase medium- and long-term loans and credit loans to the manufacturing sector.
注：
制造业
the manufacturing sector
中长期贷款
medium- and long-term loans
信用贷款
credit loans
今年国有大型商业银行小微企业贷款要增长30%以上。
This year, loans to be granted to small and micro businesses by large state-owned commercial banks will increase by over 30 percent.
注：
国有大型商业银行
large state-owned commercial banks
清理规范银行及中介服务收费。
Fees charged for banking and intermediary services will be overhauled.
注：
中介服务
intermediary services
· intermediary表示“调解人，中间人”（someone who carries messages between people who are unwilling or unable to meet）
· overhaul表示“彻底检修，大修；改造；改进”（to repair or improve something so that every part of it works as it should），此处用来表示“清理规范”
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告
：改造提升传统产业 overhaul and strengthen traditional industries完善金融机构内部考核机制，
We will improve the internal assessment mechanisms of financial institutions,
注：
内部考核机制
the internal assessment mechanism
金融机构
financial institutions
激励加强普惠金融服务，
encourage more inclusive financial services,
注：
普惠金融服务
inclusive financial services
切实使中小微企业融资紧张状况有明显改善，
achieve a marked improvement in providing financing for medium, small, and micro enterprises,
注：
中小微企业
medium, small, and micro enterprises
· marked表示“明显的，显著的”（A marked change or difference in behaviour or in a situation is very obvious or noticeable）
「类似表述对比」
2017年报告
：加强对创新型中小微企业的支持 We will strengthen support for innovative medium, small and micro businesses综合融资成本必须有明显降低。
and see that there are definite reductions in overall financing costs.
注：
综合融资成本
overall financing costs
有效发挥地方政府债券作用。
We will make effective use of local government bonds.
注：
地方政府债券
local government bonds
今年拟安排地方政府专项债券2.15万亿元，比去年增加8000亿元，
This year, 2.15 trillion yuan of special local government bonds will be issued, an 800 billion yuan increase on last year.
注：
地方政府专项债券
special local government bonds
为重点项目建设提供资金支持，
This is designed to both provide funding for key projects,
也为更好防范化解地方政府债务风险创造条件。
and create conditions for better forestalling and defusing local governments' debt risks.
注：
防范化解地方政府债务风险
forestall and defuse local governments' debt risks
合理扩大专项债券使用范围。
The scope of use for special local government bonds will be moderately expanded.
注：
...使用范围
the scope of use for ...
继续发行一定数量的地方政府置换债券，
We will continue the issuance of some local government bonds to replace outstanding debts,
注：
发行一定数量的地方政府置换债券
the issuance of some local government bonds to replace outstanding debts
「类似表述对比」
2018年报告
：实施地方政府存量债务置换 issue local government bonds to replace outstanding debt;2017年报告
：扩大地方政府存量债务置换规模 More local government bonds were issued to replace outstanding debts.减轻地方利息负担。
in order to reduce the interest payment burdens of local governments.
注：
利息负担
interest payment burdens
鼓励采取市场化方式，
We will encourage the adoption of market approaches，
妥善解决融资平台到期债务问题，
to solve the issue of maturing debts on financing platforms,
注：
到期债务问题
the issue of maturing debts
融资平台
financing platforms
不能搞“半拉子”工程。
and make sure that projects financed by such debts are not stopped half way.
注：
“半拉子”工程
projects are stopped half way
半拉子工程指工程进行到一半或者多半后因某些因素/无缘无故停止工程进度而没有完工。
多管齐下稳定和扩大就业。
We will use multiple channels to achieve stable and expanding employment.
注：
多管齐下
use multiple channels to
扎实做好高校毕业生、退役军人、农民工等重点群体就业工作，
We will work to ensure employment for key groups such as college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and rural migrant workers;
注：
高校毕业生
college graduates
退役军人
demobilized military personnel
农民工
rural migrant workers
重点群体
key groups
· demobilize表示“遣散；使复员；使退伍”（to send home the members of an army, navy etc, especially at the end of a war）
加强对城镇各类就业困难人员的就业帮扶。
and we should give greater employment support for urban jobseekers facing difficulties in securing employment.
注：
城镇各类就业困难人员
urban jobseekers facing difficulties in securing employment
对招用农村贫困人口、城镇登记失业半年以上人员的各类企业，三年内给予定额税费减免。
Enterprises hiring staff from rural poor people or urban residents registered as unemployed for at least six months will be entitled to a fixed amount of tax and fee deductions for three years.
注：
农村贫困人口
rural poor people
城镇登记失业半年以上人员
urban residents registered as unemployed for at least six months
定额税费减免
a fixed amount of tax and fee deductions
· be entitled to表示“被赋予权利，有资格”
加强对灵活就业、新就业形态的支持。
We will strengthen support for flexible employment and new forms of employment.
注：
灵活就业
flexible employment
新就业形态
new forms of employment
坚决防止和纠正就业中的性别和身份歧视。
We will resolutely protect against and stop gender and identity discrimination in employment.
注：
防止和纠正
protect against and stop
性别和身份歧视
gender and identity discrimination
实施职业技能提升行动，
We will implement a vocational skills training initiative,
注：
职业技能提升行动
the vocational skills training initiative
从失业保险基金结余中拿出1000亿元，用于1500万人次以上的职工技能提升和转岗转业培训。
and allocate 100 billion yuan from the surplus in unemployment insurance funds to provide training for over 15 million people upgrading their skills or switching jobs or industries.
注：
失业保险基金
unemployment insurance funds
转岗转业
switching jobs or industries
· surplus表示“盈余”（If a government has a budget surplus, it has spent less than it received in taxes）
加快发展现代职业教育，既有利于缓解当前就业压力，也是解决高技能人才短缺的战略之举。
Stepping up the development of modern vocational education is a strategic move that will not only ease current employment pressure, but also help to address the shortage of highly-skilled personnel.
注：
现代职业教育
modern vocational education
缓解当前就业压力
ease current employment pressure
解决某事物的短缺问题
address the shortage of
高技能人才
highly-skilled personnel
改革完善高职院校考试招生办法，
We will reform and improve the ways that vocational colleges conduct examinations and enrollment,
注：
高职院校考试招生办法
the ways that vocational colleges conduct examinations and enrollment
鼓励更多应届高中毕业生和退役军人、下岗职工、农民工等报考，
encourage more high school graduates, demobilized military personnel, laid-off workers, and rural migrant workers to apply,
注：
退役军人
demobilized military personnel
下岗职工
laid-off workers
农民工
rural migrant workers
今年大规模扩招100万人。
and this year achieve a large-scale expansion of one million in student enrollments.
注：
大规模
large-scale
大规模扩招
a large-scale expansion in student enrollments
扩大高职院校奖助学金覆盖面、提高补助标准，
We will expand the coverage of scholarships and grants for vocational college students and raise the level of financial assistance,
注：
提高补助标准
raise the level of financial assistance
扩大...覆盖面
expand the coverage of ...
高职院校奖助学金
scholarships and grants for vocational college students
加快学历证书和职业技能等级证书互通衔接。
and speed up work to align vocational technical grade certificates with academic credentials.
注：
学历证书
academic credentials
职业技能等级证书
vocational technical grade certificates
· align with表示“使对齐，使接轨”（If you align something, you place it in a certain position in relation to something else, usually parallel to it）
改革高职院校办学体制，提高办学质量。
We will reform the operating mechanisms of vocational colleges and raise the quality of vocational education.
注：
高职院校办学体制
the operating mechanisms of vocational colleges
中央财政大幅增加对高职院校的投入，
The central government will greatly increase fiscal support for vocational colleges,
注：
高职院校
vocational colleges
地方财政也要加强支持。
and local governments should also strengthen their support.
设立中等职业教育国家奖学金。
A state scholarship for secondary vocational education will be established.
注：
中等职业教育国家奖学金
the state scholarship for secondary vocational education
支持企业和社会力量兴办职业教育。
We will support enterprises and private actors in providing vocational education.
注：
社会力量
private actors
职业教育
vocational education
我们要以现代职业教育的大改革大发展，
Through major reforms and the development of modern vocational education,
注：
现代职业教育
modern vocational education
加快培养国家发展急需的各类技术技能人才，
we will move faster to train the different types of technicians and skilled workers urgently needed in China's development,
注：
各类技术技能人才
different types of technicians and skilled workers
让更多青年凭借一技之长实现人生价值，让三百六十行人才荟萃、繁星璀璨。
enabling more young people to gain professional skills and realize their potential and producing a vast range of talent ready to shine bright.
注：
实现人生价值-->实现一个人的潜能
Realize one's potential
让三百六十行人才荟萃（产生一大批人才）、繁星璀璨
producing a vast range of talent ready to shine bright
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