Gitlab----Pipline流水线语法job、script、stages、stage、before_script、after_script、variables、.pre、.post

【原文链接】Gitlab----Pipline流水线语法job、script、stages、stage、before_script、after_script、variables、.pre、.post

一、最基本的语法

  • job :流水线中额作业
  • script:执行的shell命令
  • before_script:执行script之前执行
  • after_script:在执行script之后执行
  • stages:声明步骤,决定了流水线顺序
  • stage:指明当前作业属于哪个步骤
  • variables: 定义变量

二、实例演示

在代码仓创建.gitlab-ci.yml文件,内容如下:

before_script:
  - echo "script in global before script..."

after_script:
  - echo "script in global after script..."

variables:
  USERNAME: redrose2100
  PASSWORD: admin123

stages:
  - build
  - test
  - release
  - deploy

setup:
  stage: .pre
  script:
    - echo "script in pre..."

teardown:
  stage: .post
  script:
    - echo "script in post..."

build:
  stage: build
  before_script:
    - echo "before script in build..."
    - echo $USERNAME
    - echo $PASSWORD
  script:
    - echo "script in build..."
  after_script:
    - echo "after script in build..."

test:
  stage: test
  before_script:
    - echo "before script in test..."
  script:
    - echo "script in test..."

release:
  stage: release
  script:
    - echo "script in release..."
  after_script:
    - echo "after in release..."

deploy:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - echo "script in deploy..."

然后提交代码仓,可以得到如下流水线执行结果:

三、流水线详细解读

3.1 stages声明执行步骤

不管.gitlab-ci.yml文件中各个作业代码的顺序如何,在执行流水线的时候是按照stages声明的顺序执行,如下stages声明的步骤

stages:
  - build
  - test
  - release
  - deploy

流水线中顺序与上述声明一致

Gitlab----Pipline流水线语法job、script、stages、stage、before_script、after_script、variables、.pre、.post_第1张图片

3.2 stage声明当前作业所属的步骤

如下:stage后面声明当前作业属于build步骤,作业名子可以随便定义,但是stage后的步骤名必须在上面stages中声明的,否则会报错

build:   # 这里可以随便定义
  stage: build    # 这里必须在上面stages中有声明
  before_script:
    - echo "before script in build..."
    - echo $USERNAME
    - echo $PASSWORD
  script:
    - echo "script in build..."
  after_script:
    - echo "after script in build..."

3.3 .pre和.post定义前置步骤和后置步骤

如下:stage使用.pre或.post声明,.pre表示此作业在所有作业执行之前执行,.post表示此作业在所有作业执行完成之后再执行

setup:
  stage: .pre
  script:
    - echo "script in pre..."

teardown:
  stage: .post
  script:
    - echo "script in post..."

执行的结果如下:

3.4 before_script在script执行之前执行,after_script在script执行之后执行

如下:

build:
  stage: build
  before_script:
    - echo "before script in build..."
    - echo $USERNAME
    - echo $PASSWORD
  script:
    - echo "script in build..."
  after_script:
    - echo "after script in build..."

查看流水线如下
Gitlab----Pipline流水线语法job、script、stages、stage、before_script、after_script、variables、.pre、.post_第2张图片

3.5 作业中的before_script和after_script比全局的优先级高

这里是指如果作业中有before_script或者after_script,则执行作业中的before_script和after_script,如果作业中没有,则会执行全局的before_script和after_script
如下:test作业中只有before_script,没有after_script

test:
  stage: test
  before_script:
    - echo "before script in test..."
  script:
    - echo "script in test..."

查看流水线中执行结果,即执行了当前作业中的before_script,然后执行了全局的after_script
Gitlab----Pipline流水线语法job、script、stages、stage、before_script、after_script、variables、.pre、.post_第3张图片

3.6 variables定义的变量在作业中均可使用

如下定义变量

variables:
  USERNAME: redrose2100
  PASSWORD: admin123

如下,在build作业中打印变量
Gitlab----Pipline流水线语法job、script、stages、stage、before_script、after_script、variables、.pre、.post_第4张图片

3.7 script即执行shell命令

script即作业的核心内容,主要是通过命令行的方式调用,一般情况下runner为linux,因此这里的script的就是执行shell命令了,因此可以根据实际情况满足各种场景的需求
如下build作业,script中只是打印命令,实际场景中比如编译软件包,安装软件包,部署服务等等均可以做到

build:
  stage: build
  before_script:
    - echo "before script in build..."
    - echo $USERNAME
    - echo $PASSWORD
  script:
    - echo "script in build..."
  after_script:
    - echo "after script in build..."

build作业的执行结果:
Gitlab----Pipline流水线语法job、script、stages、stage、before_script、after_script、variables、.pre、.post_第5张图片

至此,GitlabCICD的主体骨架已经具备了

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