Ubuntu20.04安装Kubernetes v1.22.1版本
Ubuntu20.04安装k8s Kubernetes v1.22.1版本
- 安装步骤
-
- 准备
-
- 环境要求
- 1.关闭swap分区
- 2.更改net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables的值为1.（Ubuntu 20.04默认为1）
- 3.安装Docker
- 安装k8s
-
- 配置源
- 添加key
- 作为节点加入集群
- 初始化
-
- 清空信息:
- 问题报错的解决
- 测试
初始化的过程遭遇了崩溃的长久报错,查了好多资料改了好久终于成功了!
安装步骤
准备
环境要求
Ubuntu机器的硬件环境的要求：
cpu：2c
memory：4G/2G
软件环境的要求：
root@node138:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
1.关闭swap分区
swap分区：交换分区，从磁盘里分一块空间来充当内存使用，性能比真正的物理内存要差
docker容器在内存里运行 --》 k8s不允许容器到swap分区运行，要关闭swap分区–》所以关闭swap分区是k8s为了追求高性能
[root@kafka02 ~]# swapoff -a 临时关闭
[root@kafka02 ~]# cat /proc/swaps
Filename Type Size Used Priority
# 永久关闭
[root@kafka02 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
注释掉swap那一行，每台机器都要配置
2.更改net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables的值为1.（Ubuntu 20.04默认为1）
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
# 上面成功之后再输入下面的 更新一下值
sudo sysctl --system
3.安装Docker
Ubuntu安装docker可以看笔者之前写的文章！按照官方一步一步安装的！
Ubuntu安装Docker
安装k8s
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https curl
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
但是这样直接安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl会报如下错（只截取一部分）
root@node138:/etc/apt# sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
No apt package "kubeadm", but there is a snap with that name.
Try "snap install kubeadm"
所以接下来需要配置k8s相关安装的源
配置源
修改Sources.list
可以打开 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件，添加一行
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial main
或者在/etc/apt/sources.list.d下添加一个文件 kubernetes.list
文件内容：
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
然后执行apt-get update
执行apt-get update
如果这个时候报错如下，说明我们没有导入aliyun的key
root@node138:~# apt-get update
Get:1 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial InRelease [9,383 B]
Err:1 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial InRelease
The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY FEEA9169307EA071 NO_PUBKEY 8B57C5C2836F4BEB
接下来我们添加aliyun的key
添加key
curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add
root@node138:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2537 100 2537 0 0 14836 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 14836
OK
一定要记住添加了key之后重新update!!!
root@node138:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# apt-get update
Get:1 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial InRelease [9,383 B]
Ign:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 Packages
Get:2 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt kubernetes-xenial/main amd64 Packages [49.4 kB]
Hit:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:4 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [101 kB]
Get:7 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
Get:8 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages [1,175 kB]
Get:9 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 Packages [853 kB]
Fetched 2,406 kB in 20s (120 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
接下来就能正常安装了
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --allow-unauthenticated
作为节点加入集群
因为笔者是利用这台Ubuntu做node节点的,所以接下来可以直接输入master中的命令加入集群
kubeadm join 192.168.254.129:6443 --token t5mat5.4312obzrfk4bnnu0
–discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:05b0b09ce2a915ed6e3009dff885a52b95fe02359ae203a641dfcdf15819115a
注意这个token有效期只有24h喔 过期要重新新建!
kubeadm token create
root@node138:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# kubeadm join 192.168.254.129:6443 --token t5mat5.4312obzrfk4bnnu0 \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:05b0b09ce2a915ed6e3009dff885a52b95fe02359ae203a641dfcdf15819115a
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
在主master上查看 成功加入!
[root@kafka02 docker]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kafka01 Ready <none> 3h16m v1.22.1
kafka02 Ready control-plane,master 8d v1.22.1
node138 Ready <none> 49m v1.22.1
接下来扩展一下初始化做master的操作
初始化
如果和笔者一样之前利用这台机器部署过k8s,必须要清空信息否则会报如下错
root@node138:/etc/docker# sudo kubeadm init
invalid or incomplete external CA: failure loading key for apiserver: couldn't load the private key file /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key: open /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key: no such file or directory
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
清空信息:
kubeadm reset
再重新init初始化
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.22.1 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
卡住一直不动
即要去拉去镜像 但是国内镜像下载k8s.gcr.io这种类型的镜像然后太慢了一直卡在这一步
此命令 kubeadm config images list 获取需要的docker镜像名称
kubeadm config images list
这是笔者的kubeadm版本需要的镜像版本
root@node138:/etc/docker# kubeadm config images list
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.22.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.22.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.22.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.22.1
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.5
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.0-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.4
问题报错的解决
所以我们要改阿里云的镜像去拉去这个
kubeadm init --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
然后笔者是较新版本的Kubernetes,所以当拉取阿里云的registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.4这个版本的镜像，拉取失败就会报这个错误
root@node138:/etc/docker# kubeadm init --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.22.1
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.4: output: Error response from daemon: manifest for registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.4 not found: manifest unknown: manifest unknown
, error: exit status 1
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
这时候我们需要手动安装一下
root@node138:/etc/docker# docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns
然后修改镜像的tag
root@node138:/etc/docker# docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:latest registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.4
然后就可以安装成功了!!!
以下是笔者安装成功的样子
按照提示做接下来要进行的操作
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
这样master就配置好啦,然后可以在node机器上输入这个提示命令即可!
测试
在master机器上输入这条命令,可以查看子节点 (这是笔者用centos搭的master)
[root@kafka02 docker]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kafka01 Ready <none> 3h16m v1.22.1
kafka02 Ready control-plane,master 8d v1.22.1
node138 Ready <none> 49m v1.22.1
可以在master上创建pod,成功创建能 get pod 即可!
[root@kafka02 docker]# kubectl run sc-nginx --image=nginx --port=7770
pod/sc-nginx created
[root@kafka02 docker]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
sc-nginx 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 7s