本文采用Spring cloud本文为2.1.8RELEASE,version=Greenwich.SR3
本文基于前两篇文章 eureka-server、eureka-client、eureka-ribbon 和 eureka-feign 的实现。 参考
- eureka-server[1]
- eureka-client[2]
- eureka-ribbon[3]
- eureka-feign[4]
Spring Cloud Gateway 是 Spring Cloud 的一个新项目,该项目是基于 Spring5.0,Sprint Boot2.0 和 Project Reactor 等技术开发的网关,它的目的是在微服务架构中提供一种简单有效的统一 api 路由管理方式。 Spring Cloud Gateway 目标是要替代 Netflix Zuul,其不仅提供统一的路由管理方式,还提供一套基于 Fliter 链的方式的网关其他功能,比如:限流、埋点、安全监控等。
- Route(路由):网关的基本模块,它有一个 id、一个目标 uri、一组断言和一组过滤器组成,如果断言为真,则路由匹配。
- Predicate(断言):是一个 java8 的 Predicate。输入类型是一个 ServerWebExchange。可以使用它来匹配来自 HTTP 请求的内容。
- Filter(过滤器):是 org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter 的实例,可以使用它来修改请求和响应。
客户端向 Spring Cloud Gateway 发出请求。如果 Gateway Handler 映射确定请求与路由匹配,则将其发送到 Gateway Web Handler。Gateway Web Handler 通过特定于请求的筛选器链发送请求。筛选器由虚线分隔的原因是,筛选器可以在发送代理请求之前或之后执行逻辑。执行所有“pre”筛选逻辑,然后发出代理请求。在发出代理请求后,执行“POST”筛选逻辑。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webfluxartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gatewayartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
dependency>
server:
port: 8100
spring:
application:
name: spring-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka1.server.com
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1.server.com:8701/eureka/,http://eureka2.server.com:8702/eureka/,http://eureka3.server.com:8703/eureka/
Spring.cloud.gateway.discovery.locator.enabled:true 这里先简单使用了默认的创建路由规则,自动根据 serviceid 创建路由的功能
前几片文章中都在对应的启动类中增加了@EnableEurekaClient 或@EnableDiscoveryClient 注解,今天看文档突然发现,不用加@Enable*注解也可以自动添加到注册中心,是因为在 Spring Cloud Edgware 版本之后,只要加上相关的依赖,并进行相应的配置就可以将服务自动注册到服务发现组件上。
按顺序启动 eureka-server、eureka-client、eureka-ribbon、spring-gateway 服务。 打开浏览器,先去 eureka-server 服务中心看一下服务是否正常启动,如下如: 截图中红框代表所有服务已经正常启动。 然后新打来浏览器输入:http://localhost:8100/SPRING-GATEWAY/EUREKA-RIBBON/sayHello,显示如下:
因为我们才用的是自动配置路由,所有这里 url 上的服务名称要全部大写,就是和服务注册中心保存一致。 这里我可以看一下 spring-gate 的启动日志,自动路由名称全部是大写。(个人觉得这里设计的不是很好)。
2019-10-12 16:40:35.870 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty : Flipping property: SPRING-GATEWAY.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647
2019-10-12 16:40:35.890 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.n.u.concurrent.ShutdownEnabledTimer : Shutdown hook installed for: NFLoadBalancer-PingTimer-SPRING-GATEWAY
2019-10-12 16:40:35.890 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.netflix.loadbalancer.BaseLoadBalancer : Client: SPRING-GATEWAY instantiated a LoadBalancer: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=SPRING-GATEWAY,current list of Servers=[],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {},Server stats: []}ServerList:null
2019-10-12 16:40:35.895 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer : Using serverListUpdater PollingServerListUpdater
2019-10-12 16:40:35.910 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty : Flipping property: SPRING-GATEWAY.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647
2019-10-12 16:40:35.911 INFO 97725 --- [ctor-http-nio-2] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer : DynamicServerListLoadBalancer for client SPRING-GATEWAY initialized: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=SPRING-GATEWAY,current list of Servers=[eureka1.server.com:8100],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {defaultzone=[Zone:defaultzone; Instance count:1; Active connections count: 0; Circuit breaker tripped count: 0; Active connections per server: 0.0;]
},Server stats: [[Server:eureka1.server.com:8100; Zone:defaultZone; Total Requests:0; Successive connection failure:0; Total blackout seconds:0; Last connection made:Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970; First connection made: Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970; Active Connections:0; total failure count in last (1000) msecs:0; average resp time:0.0; 90 percentile resp time:0.0; 95 percentile resp time:0.0; min resp time:0.0; max resp time:0.0; stddev resp time:0.0]
]}ServerList:org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.eureka.DomainExtractingServerList@3b80e99c
2019-10-12 16:40:36.008 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty : Flipping property: EUREKA-RIBBON.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647
2019-10-12 16:40:36.009 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.n.u.concurrent.ShutdownEnabledTimer : Shutdown hook installed for: NFLoadBalancer-PingTimer-EUREKA-RIBBON
2019-10-12 16:40:36.010 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.netflix.loadbalancer.BaseLoadBalancer : Client: EUREKA-RIBBON instantiated a LoadBalancer: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=EUREKA-RIBBON,current list of Servers=[],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {},Server stats: []}ServerList:null
2019-10-12 16:40:36.011 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer : Using serverListUpdater PollingServerListUpdater
2019-10-12 16:40:36.012 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.netflix.config.ChainedDynamicProperty : Flipping property: EUREKA-RIBBON.ribbon.ActiveConnectionsLimit to use NEXT property: niws.loadbalancer.availabilityFilteringRule.activeConnectionsLimit = 2147483647
2019-10-12 16:40:36.012 INFO 97725 --- [tor-http-nio-10] c.n.l.DynamicServerListLoadBalancer : DynamicServerListLoadBalancer for client EUREKA-RIBBON initialized: DynamicServerListLoadBalancer:{NFLoadBalancer:name=EUREKA-RIBBON,current list of Servers=[eureka1.server.com:8901],Load balancer stats=Zone stats: {defaultzone=[Zone:defaultzone; Instance count:1; Active connections count: 0; Circuit breaker tripped count: 0; Active connections per server: 0.0;]
},Server stats: [[Server:eureka1.server.com:8901; Zone:defaultZone; Total Requests:0; Successive connection failure:0; Total blackout seconds:0; Last connection made:Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970; First connection made: Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970; Active Connections:0; total failure count in last (1000) msecs:0; average resp time:0.0; 90 percentile resp time:0.0; 95 percentile resp time:0.0; min resp time:0.0; max resp time:0.0; stddev resp time:0.0]
]}ServerList:org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.eureka.DomainExtractingServerList@19148ab
同样的方式我可以请求 eureka-feign,结果如下:
至此基于服务发现的默认路由规则就搭建完成。
1.6.1 修改 application.yml 配置
server:
port: 8100
spring:
application:
name: spring-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
# discovery:
# locator:
# enabled: true # 开启通过服务中心的自动根据 serviceId 创建路由的功能
routes:
- id: ribbon-route
uri: lb://EUREKA-RIBBON
order: 0
predicates:
- Path=/ribbon/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=1 #去掉前缀,具体实现参考StripPrefixGatewayFilterFactory
- AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar
- id: feign-route
uri: lb://EUREKA-FEIGN
order: 0
predicates:
- Path=/feign/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=1
- AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Foo, Default-Bar
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka1.server.com
lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5
lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka1.server.com:8701/eureka/,http://eureka2.server.com:8702/eureka/,http://eureka3.server.com:8703/eureka/
StripPrefix: 接受一个非负整数,对应的具体实现是 StripPrefixGatewayFilterFactory,做用是去掉前缀,整数对应层数。在本例中访问的/ribbon/sayHello,网关服务向后转发请求的时候会去掉/ribbon,eureka-ribbon 收到的请求是:/sayHello。eureka-feign 同理。
1.6.2 启动服务
访问http://localhost:8100/ribbon/sayHello和http://localhost:8100/feign/feign/sayHello,如图下图显示:
1.6.3 自定义 Configuration
Spring Cloud Gateway 同时支持 java 的流式 api 的路由定义,可以和 application.yml 配合使用。
package spring.cloud.demo.spring.gateway.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class RoutesConfig {
@Bean
public RouteLocator routeLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeLocatorBuilder){
return routeLocatorBuilder.routes().route(r -> r.path("/ribbon/**")
.filters(f -> f.stripPrefix(1)
.addRequestHeader("X-Response-Default-Foo", "Default-Bar"))
.uri("lb://EUREKA-RIBBON")
.order(0)
.id("ribbon-route")
).build();
}
}
本文简单实现了 Spring Cloud Gateway 的默认自动路由和自定义路由的网关服务。后面会继续更新 Spring Cloud Gateway 的其他功能,敬请期待!
gitHub 地址[5]
《Srping Cloud 2.X小白教程》目录
[1]
eureka-server: https://juejin.im/post/5d8194a2e51d4561ea1a9506
[2]
eureka-client: https://juejin.im/post/5d82061be51d4561f95eeaf5
[3]
eureka-ribbon: https://juejin.im/post/5d82ef25f265da03f12e920f
[4]
eureka-feign: https://juejin.im/post/5d82061be51d4561f95eeaf5
[5]
gitHub地址: https://github.com/fengfujie25/spring-cloud-demo/tree/master/sprin-gateway
[6]
spring cloud 2.x版本 Eureka Server服务注册中心教程: https://juejin.im/post/5d8194a2e51d4561ea1a9506
[7]
spring cloud 2.x版本 Eureka Client服务提供者教程: https://juejin.im/post/5d82061be51d4561f95eeaf5
[8]
spring cloud 2.x版本 Ribbon服务发现教程(内含集成Hystrix熔断机制): https://juejin.im/post/5d82ef25f265da03f12e920f
[9]
spring cloud 2.x版本 Feign服务发现教程(内含集成Hystrix熔断机制): https://juejin.im/post/5d82061be51d4561f95eeaf5
[10]
spring cloud 2.x版本 Zuul路由网关教程: https://juejin.im/post/5d8451bbf265da03da24cf7c
[11]
spring cloud 2.x版本 config分布式配置中心教程: https://juejin.im/post/5d8860cb6fb9a06aeb10fc3e
[12]
spring cloud 2.x版本 Hystrix Dashboard断路器教程: https://juejin.im/post/5d898a366fb9a06b0c08a6df
[13]
spring cloud 2.x版本 Gateway路由网关教程: https://juejin.im/post/5da191fd51882555704c887b