介绍:因为nginx缺少某个模块,或者想升级一下版本,但是nginx上有运载着一些服务,不能挂掉,那么nginx的平滑升级就很关键了!
nginx信号检测
主进程支持的信号:
TERM,INT:立刻退出
QUIT:等待工作进程结束再退出
KILL:强制终止进程
HUP:重新加载配置文件,使用新的的配置启动工作进程,并逐步关闭旧进程
USR1:重新打开日志文件
USR2:启动新的主进程,实现热升级
WINCH:逐步关闭工作进程
工作进程支持的信号
TERM,INT:立刻退出
nginx平滑升级的原理:
在不停掉旧进程的情况下,启动新进程。
旧进程负责处理仍然没有处理完的请求,但不再接受新请求。
新进程接受新请求。
旧进程处理完所有请求,关闭所有连接后,停止。
1、先安装低版本的nginx
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz #利用wget去网上下载需要的包
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ tar xvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz #解压
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ cd nginx-1.12.0 #进入目录
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin #创建一个专门用于启动nginx的用户,但不能够登陆主机
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_v2_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre #选择需要的选项来预安装
#我们可以查看一下预安装有哪些选项
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ ./configure --help
--help print this message
--prefix=PATH set installation prefix
--sbin-path=PATH set nginx binary pathname
--modules-path=PATH set modules path
--conf-path=PATH set nginx.conf pathname
--error-log-path=PATH set error log pathname
--pid-path=PATH set nginx.pid pathname
--lock-path=PATH set nginx.lock pathname--user=USER set non-privileged user for
worker processes
--group=GROUP set non-privileged group for
worker processes--build=NAME set build name
--builddir=DIR set build directory--with-select_module enable select module
--without-select_module disable select module
--with-poll_module enable poll module
--without-poll_module disable poll module--with-threads enable thread pool support
--with-file-aio enable file AIO support
--with-http_ssl_module enable ngx_http_ssl_module
--with-http_v2_module enable ngx_http_v2_module
--with-http_realip_module enable ngx_http_realip_module
--with-http_addition_module enable ngx_http_addition_module
--with-http_xslt_module enable ngx_http_xslt_module
--with-http_xslt_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_xslt_module
--with-http_image_filter_module enable ngx_http_image_filter_module
--with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic
enable dynamic ngx_http_image_filter_module
--with-http_geoip_module enable ngx_http_geoip_module
--with-http_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_geoip_module
--with-http_sub_module enable ngx_http_sub_module
--with-http_dav_module enable ngx_http_dav_module
--with-http_flv_module enable ngx_http_flv_module
--with-http_mp4_module enable ngx_http_mp4_module
--with-http_gunzip_module enable ngx_http_gunzip_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module enable ngx_http_gzip_static_module
--with-http_auth_request_module enable ngx_http_auth_request_module
--with-http_random_index_module enable ngx_http_random_index_module
--with-http_secure_link_module enable ngx_http_secure_link_module
--with-http_degradation_module enable ngx_http_degradation_module
--with-http_slice_module enable ngx_http_slice_module
--with-http_stub_status_module enable ngx_http_stub_status_module--without-http_charset_module disable ngx_http_charset_module
--without-http_gzip_module disable ngx_http_gzip_module
--without-http_ssi_module disable ngx_http_ssi_module
--without-http_userid_module disable ngx_http_userid_module
--without-http_access_module disable ngx_http_access_module
--without-http_auth_basic_module disable ngx_http_auth_basic_module
--without-http_autoindex_module disable ngx_http_autoindex_module
--without-http_geo_module disable ngx_http_geo_module
--without-http_map_module disable ngx_http_map_module
--without-http_split_clients_module disable ngx_http_split_clients_module
--without-http_referer_module disable ngx_http_referer_module
--without-http_rewrite_module disable ngx_http_rewrite_module
--without-http_proxy_module disable ngx_http_proxy_module
--without-http_fastcgi_module disable ngx_http_fastcgi_module
--without-http_uwsgi_module disable ngx_http_uwsgi_module
--without-http_scgi_module disable ngx_http_scgi_module
--without-http_memcached_module disable ngx_http_memcached_module
--without-http_limit_conn_module disable ngx_http_limit_conn_module
--without-http_limit_req_module disable ngx_http_limit_req_module
--without-http_empty_gif_module disable ngx_http_empty_gif_module
--without-http_browser_module disable ngx_http_browser_module
--without-http_upstream_hash_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_hash_module
--without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module
--without-http_upstream_least_conn_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module
--without-http_upstream_keepalive_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_keepalive_module
--without-http_upstream_zone_module
disable ngx_http_upstream_zone_module--with-http_perl_module enable ngx_http_perl_module
--with-http_perl_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_perl_module
--with-perl_modules_path=PATH set Perl modules path
--with-perl=PATH set perl binary pathname--http-log-path=PATH set http access log pathname
--http-client-body-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http client request body temporary files
--http-proxy-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http proxy temporary files
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http fastcgi temporary files
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http uwsgi temporary files
--http-scgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store
http scgi temporary files--without-http disable HTTP server
--without-http-cache disable HTTP cache--with-mail enable POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
--with-mail=dynamic enable dynamic POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
--with-mail_ssl_module enable ngx_mail_ssl_module
--without-mail_pop3_module disable ngx_mail_pop3_module
--without-mail_imap_module disable ngx_mail_imap_module
--without-mail_smtp_module disable ngx_mail_smtp_module--with-stream enable TCP/UDP proxy module
--with-stream=dynamic enable dynamic TCP/UDP proxy module
--with-stream_ssl_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_module
--with-stream_realip_module enable ngx_stream_realip_module
--with-stream_geoip_module enable ngx_stream_geoip_module
--with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_stream_geoip_module
--with-stream_ssl_preread_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_preread_module
--without-stream_limit_conn_module disable ngx_stream_limit_conn_module
--without-stream_access_module disable ngx_stream_access_module
--without-stream_geo_module disable ngx_stream_geo_module
--without-stream_map_module disable ngx_stream_map_module
--without-stream_split_clients_module
disable ngx_stream_split_clients_module
--without-stream_return_module disable ngx_stream_return_module
--without-stream_upstream_hash_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_hash_module
--without-stream_upstream_least_conn_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_least_conn_module
--without-stream_upstream_zone_module
disable ngx_stream_upstream_zone_module--with-google_perftools_module enable ngx_google_perftools_module
--with-cpp_test_module enable ngx_cpp_test_module--add-module=PATH enable external module
--add-dynamic-module=PATH enable dynamic external module--with-compat dynamic modules compatibility
--with-cc=PATH set C compiler pathname
--with-cpp=PATH set C preprocessor pathname
--with-cc-opt=OPTIONS set additional C compiler options
--with-ld-opt=OPTIONS set additional linker options
--with-cpu-opt=CPU build for the specified CPU, valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4,
athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64--without-pcre disable PCRE library usage
--with-pcre force PCRE library usage
--with-pcre=DIR set path to PCRE library sources
--with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for PCRE
--with-pcre-jit build PCRE with JIT compilation support--with-zlib=DIR set path to zlib library sources
--with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for zlib
--with-zlib-asm=CPU use zlib assembler sources optimized
for the specified CPU, valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro--with-libatomic force libatomic_ops library usage
--with-libatomic=DIR set path to libatomic_ops library sources--with-openssl=DIR set path to OpenSSL library sources
--with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for OpenSSL--with-debug enable debug logging
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ make && make install #安装
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx #创建一个快捷启动方式
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #启动nginx,使用绝对路径更加安全可靠
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ ps -aux | grep nginx
root 10065 0.0 0.0 46060 1152 ? Ss 10:50 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 10066 0.0 0.1 46516 1908 ? S 10:50 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 10074 0.0 0.0 112812 968 pts/1 R+ 10:51 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.12.0]$ netstat -tupanl | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7088/nginx: master
访问成功
[root@server104 ~]$ echo 777777 > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
[root@server104 ~]$ curl 192.168.20.104
777777
[root@server104 ~]$ nginx -v #查看nginx版本信息
nginx version: nginx/1.12.0
[root@server104 ~]$ nginx -V #查看nginx版本完全信息
nginx version: nginx/1.12.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_v2_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre
2、下载更高版本的nginx
[root@server104 ~]$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
[root@server104 ~]$ cd nginx-1.14.0
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-poll_module --with-file-aio --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre --with-stream \#--prefix的位置必须和旧版本的nginx位置一样
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ make #记住这里只能make,不能make install,如果make install,会导致旧的配置被覆盖掉
为了保险起见,我们可以备份原来的二进制启动文件
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.bak
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ ls
auto CHANGES.ru configure html Makefile objs src
CHANGES conf contrib LICENSE man README
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ cp objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ \#把编译好的新的启动文件复制进来
查看一下nginx进程
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ ps -aux | grep nginx
root 10065 0.0 0.0 46060 1152 ? Ss 10:50 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 10066 0.0 0.1 46516 1908 ? S 10:50 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 10074 0.0 0.0 112812 968 pts/1 R+ 10:51 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
10065
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ kill -USR2 10065 \#USR2:启动新的主进程,实现热升级
kill -USR2 10065 #发送USR2信号给nginx master 进程(nginx服务接收到USR2信号后,首先会将旧的nginx.pid文件添加后缀.oldbin,变为nginx.pid.oldbin,然后执行新版本的二进制文件启动服务,如果新的服务启动成功,系统中将有新旧两个nginx服务共同提供web服务)
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ ps -aux | grep nginx
root 10065 0.0 0.0 46060 1312 ? Ss 10:50 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 10066 0.0 0.1 46516 1908 ? S 10:50 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 10076 0.0 0.1 46060 3280 ? S 10:51 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 10077 0.0 0.1 46516 1900 ? S 10:51 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 10079 0.0 0.0 112812 972 pts/1 R+ 10:51 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid #查看nginx高版本的进程号
10076
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin #查看nginx原来版本的进程号
10065
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ kill -WINCH 10065 #平缓停止worker process
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ kill -QUIT 10065 #平缓停止Nginx服务
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ ps -aux | grep nginx #我们可以发现nginx低版本的进程都结束了
root 10076 0.0 0.1 46060 3280 ? S 10:51 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 10077 0.0 0.1 46516 1900 ? S 10:51 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 10091 0.0 0.0 112812 972 pts/1 R+ 10:58 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ ll /usr/local/nginx/logs/ #nginx.pid.oldbin文件也没有了
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 686 Jan 20 09:06 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 458 Jan 20 10:51 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 Jan 20 10:51 nginx.pid
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0
[root@server104 ~/nginx-1.14.0]$ nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-poll_module --with-file-aio --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre --with-stream
那么现在,nginx平滑升级就成功了!