Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署

Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署

  • Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署
  • 一、集群环境准备
    • 1.1 主机规划
    • 1.2 软件版本
    • 1.3 网络分配
  • 二、集群部署
    • 2.1主机准备
      • 2.1.1 主机名设置
      • 2.1.2 主机与IP地址解析
      • 2.1.3 主机安全设置
        • 2.1.3.1 关闭防火墙
        • 2.1.3.2 关闭selinux
      • 2.1.4 交换分区设置
      • 2.1.5 主机系统时间同步
      • 2.1.6 主机系统优化
      • 2.1.7 ipvs管理工具安装及模块加载
      • 2.1.8 Linux内核升级
      • 2.1.9 Linux内核优化
      • 2.1.10 其它工具安装(选装)
    • 2.2 负载均衡器准备
      • 2.2.1 安装haproxy与keepalived
      • 2.2.2 HAProxy配置
      • 2.2.3 KeepAlived
      • 2.2.4 健康检查脚本
      • 2.2.5 启动服务并验证
    • 2.3 配置免密登录
    • 2.4 部署ETCD集群
      • 2.4.1 创建工作目录
      • 2.4.2 获取cfssl工具
      • 2.4.3 创建CA证书
        • 2.4.3.1 配置ca证书请求文件
        • 2.4.3.2 创建ca证书
        • 2.4.3.3 配置ca证书策略
      • 2.4.4 创建etcd证书
        • 2.4.4.1 配置etcd请求文件
        • 2.4.4.2 生成etcd证书
      • 2.4.5 部署etcd集群
        • 2.4.5.1 下载etcd软件包
        • 2.4.5.2 安装etcd软件
        • 2.4.5.3 分发etcd软件
        • 2.4.5.4 创建配置文件
        • 2.4.5.5 创建服务配置文件
        • 2.4.5.6 同步etcd配置到集群其它master节点
        • 2.4.5.7 启动etcd集群
        • 2.4.5.8 验证集群状态
    • 2.5 Kubernetes集群部署
      • 2.5.1 Kubernetes软件包下载
      • 2.5.2 Kubernetes软件包安装
      • 2.5.3 Kubernetes软件分发
      • 2.5.4 在集群节点上创建目录
      • 2.5.5 部署api-server
        • 2.5.5.1 创建apiserver证书请求文件
        • 2.5.5.2 生成apiserver证书及token文件
        • 2.5.5.3 创建apiserver服务配置文件
        • 2.5.5.4 创建apiserver服务管理配置文件
        • 2.5.5.5 同步文件到集群master节点
        • 2.5.5.6 启动apiserver服务
      • 2.5.6 部署kubectl
        • 2.5.6.1 创建kubectl证书请求文件
        • 2.5.6.2 生成证书文件
        • 2.5.6.3 复制文件到指定目录
        • 2.5.6.4 生成kubeconfig配置文件
        • 2.5.6.5 准备kubectl配置文件并进行角色绑定
        • 2.5.6.6 查看集群状态
        • 2.5.6.7 同步kubectl配置文件到集群其它master节点
        • 2.5.6.8 配置kubectl命令补全(可选)
      • 2.5.7 部署kube-controller-manager
        • 2.5.7.1 创建kube-controller-manager证书请求文件
        • 2.5.7.2 创建kube-controller-manager证书文件
        • 2.5.7.3 创建kube-controller-manager的kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
        • 2.5.7.4 创建kube-controller-manager配置文件
        • 2.5.7.5 创建服务启动文件
        • 2.5.7.6 同步文件到集群master节点
        • 2.5.7.7 启动服务
      • 2.5.8 部署kube-scheduler
        • 2.5.8.1 创建kube-scheduler证书请求文件
        • 2.5.8.2 生成kube-scheduler证书
        • 2.5.8.3 创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig
        • 2.5.8.4 创建服务配置文件
        • 2.5.8.5创建服务启动配置文件
        • 2.5.8.6 同步文件至集群master节点
        • 2.5.8.7 启动服务
      • 2.5.9 工作节点(worker node)部署
        • 2.5.9.1 docker安装及配置
        • 2.5.9.2 部署kubelet
          • 2.5.9.2.1 创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
          • 2.5.9.2.2 创建kubelet配置文件
          • 2.5.9.2.3 创建kubelet配置文件
          • 2.5.9.2.4 同步文件到集群节点
          • 2.5.9.2.5 创建目录及启动服务
        • 2.5.9.3 部署kube-proxy
          • 2.5.9.3.1 创建kube-proxy证书请求文件
          • 2.5.9.3.2 生成证书
          • 2.5.9.3.3 创建kubeconfig文件
          • 2.5.9.3.4 创建服务配置文件
          • 2.5.9.3.5 创建服务启动管理文件
          • 2.5.9.3.6 同步文件到集群工作节点主机
          • 2.5.9.3.7 服务启动
      • 2.5.10 网络组件部署 Calico
        • 2.5.10.1 下载
        • 2.5.10.2 修改文件
        • 2.5.10.3 应用文件
        • 2.5.10.4 验证应用结果
      • 2.5.10 部署CoreDNS
      • 2.5.11 部署应用验证
    • 2.6 Kubernetes集群节点管理
        • 2.6.1 部署kubelet
        • 2.6.3.4 部署kube-proxy
      • 2.6.4 验证

Kubernetes高可用集群二进制部署

Kubernetes(简称为:k8s)是Google在2014年6月开源的一个容器集群管理系统,使用Go语言开发,用于管理云平台中多个主机上的容器化的应用,Kubernetes的目标是让部署容器化的应用简单并且高效,Kubernetes提供了资源调度、部署管理、服务发现、扩容缩容、监控,维护等一整套功能,努力成为跨主机集群的自动部署、扩展以及运行应用程序容器的平台。 它支持一系列容器工具, 包括Docker、Containerd等。

一、集群环境准备

1.1 主机规划

主机IP地址 主机名 主机配置 主机角色 软件列表
192.168.10.101 k8s-master1 2C4G master kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、docker-ce
192.168.10.102 k8s-master2 2C4G master kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、docker-ce
192.168.10.103 k8s-master3 2C4G master kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、docker-ce
192.168.10.104 k8s-worker02 2C4G worker kubelet、kube-proxy、docker-ce
192.168.10.105 ha1 1C2G LB haproxy、keepalived
192.168.10.106 ha2 1C2G LB haproxy、keepalived
192.168.10.100 / / VIP(虚拟IP)

1.2 软件版本

软件名称 版本 备注
CentOS7 kernel版本:5.16
kubernetes v1.21.10
etcd v3.5.2 最新版本
calico v3.19.4
coredns v1.8.4

1.3 网络分配

网络名称 网段 备注
Node网络 192.168.10.0/24
Service网络 10.96.0.0/16
Pod网络 10.244.0.0/16

二、集群部署

2.1主机准备

2.1.1 主机名设置

修改主机名为上述主机规划中的名字

hostnamectl set-hostname xxx

2.1.2 主机与IP地址解析

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.10.101 k8s-master01 
192.168.10.102 k8s-master02
192.168.10.103 k8s-master03 k8s-worker01
192.168.10.104 k8s-worker02
192.168.10.105 ha1
192.168.10.106 ha2
EOF

2.1.3 主机安全设置

2.1.3.1 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
firewall-cmd --state

2.1.3.2 关闭selinux

setenforce 0
sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
sestatus

2.1.4 交换分区设置

swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
echo "vm.swappiness=0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

2.1.5 主机系统时间同步

安装软件
yum -y install ntpdate

制定时间同步计划任务
crontab -e
0 */1 * * * ntpdate time1.aliyun.com

2.1.6 主机系统优化

ulimit -SHn 65535
cat <> /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF

2.1.7 ipvs管理工具安装及模块加载

为集群节点安装,负载均衡节点不用安装

yum -y install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp
创建 /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf 并加入以下内容: 
cat >/etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <
设置为开机启动
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

2.1.8 Linux内核升级

在所有节点中安装,需要重新操作系统更换内核。

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install perl
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# yum  --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel"  -y install kernel-ml.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-set-default 0
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

2.1.9 Linux内核优化

cat < /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 131072
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF
sysctl --system
所有节点配置完内核后,重启服务器,保证重启后内核依旧加载
reboot -h now
重启后查看结果:
lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

2.1.10 其它工具安装(选装)

yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git lrzsz -y

2.2 负载均衡器准备

2.2.1 安装haproxy与keepalived

在负载均衡节点安装对应的包

yum -y install haproxy keepalived

2.2.2 HAProxy配置

cat >/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg<<"EOF"
global
 maxconn 2000
 ulimit-n 16384
 log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
 stats timeout 30s

defaults
 log global
 mode http
 option httplog
 timeout connect 5000
 timeout client 50000
 timeout server 50000
 timeout http-request 15s
 timeout http-keep-alive 15s

frontend monitor-in
 bind *:33305
 mode http
 option httplog
 monitor-uri /monitor

frontend k8s-master
 bind 0.0.0.0:6443
 bind 127.0.0.1:6443
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
 default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master
 mode tcp
 option tcplog
 option tcp-check
 balance roundrobin
 default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
 server  k8s-master01  192.168.10.101:6443 check
 server  k8s-master02  192.168.10.102:6443 check
 server  k8s-master03  192.168.10.103:6443 check
EOF

2.2.3 KeepAlived

主从配置不一致,需要注意。

ha1:

cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
   interval 5
   weight -5
   fall 2 
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state MASTER
   interface ens33
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.105
   virtual_router_id 51
   priority 100
   advert_int 2
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.10.100
   }
   track_script {
      chk_apiserver
   }
}
EOF
ha2:

cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
   enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
   script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
  interval 5
   weight -5
   fall 2 
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state BACKUP
   interface ens33
   mcast_src_ip 192.168.10.106
   virtual_router_id 51
   priority 99
   advert_int 2
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.10.100
   }
   track_script {
      chk_apiserver
   }
}
EOF

2.2.4 健康检查脚本

ha1及ha2均要配置

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
   check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
   if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
       err=$(expr $err + 1)
       sleep 1
       continue
   else
       err=0
       break
   fi
done

if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
   echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
   /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
   exit 1
else
   exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

2.2.5 启动服务并验证

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived
ip address show

2.3 配置免密登录

在k8s-master01上操作

ssh-keygen
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master01
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master02
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-master03
ssh-copy-id root@k8s-worker01
ssh root@k8s-master01

2.4 部署ETCD集群

在k8s-master01上操作。

2.4.1 创建工作目录

mkdir -p /data/k8s-work

2.4.2 获取cfssl工具

cd /data/k8s-work
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
说明:
cfssl是使用go编写,由CloudFlare开源的一款PKI/TLS工具。主要程序有:
- cfssl,是CFSSL的命令行工具
- cfssljson用来从cfssl程序获取JSON输出,并将证书,密钥,CSR和bundle写入文件中。
chmod +x cfssl*
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
# cfssl version
Version: 1.2.0
Revision: dev
Runtime: go1.6

2.4.3 创建CA证书

2.4.3.1 配置ca证书请求文件

cat > ca-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
      "algo": "rsa",
      "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Guangdong",
      "L": "Shenzhen",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
  }
}
EOF

2.4.3.2 创建ca证书

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca

2.4.3.3 配置ca证书策略

cat > ca-config.json <<"EOF"
{
  "signing": {
      "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
      "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
              "usages": [
                  "signing",
                  "key encipherment",
                  "server auth",
                  "client auth"
              ],
              "expiry": "87600h"
          }
      }
  }
}
EOF
server auth 表示client可以对使用该ca对server提供的证书进行验证
client auth 表示server可以使用该ca对client提供的证书进行验证

2.4.4 创建etcd证书

2.4.4.1 配置etcd请求文件

cat > etcd-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.10.101",
    "192.168.10.102",
    "192.168.10.103"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [{
    "C": "CN",
    "ST": "Guangdong",
    "L": "Shenzhen",
    "O": "kubemsb",
    "OU": "CN"
  }]
}
EOF

2.4.4.2 生成etcd证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare etcd
# ls
ca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  etcd.csr  etcd-csr.json  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem

2.4.5 部署etcd集群

2.4.5.1 下载etcd软件包

wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.2/etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.4.5.2 安装etcd软件

tar -xvf etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp -p etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/

2.4.5.3 分发etcd软件

scp etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s-master02:/usr/local/bin/
scp etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s-master03:/usr/local/bin/

2.4.5.4 创建配置文件

mkdir /etc/etcd
cat >  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<"EOF"
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.101:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.101:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.101:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.101:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.10.101:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.10.102:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.10.103:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
说明:
ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群

2.4.5.5 创建服务配置文件

mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
cd /data/k8s-work
cp ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
cat > /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
  --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --peer-client-cert-auth \
  --client-cert-auth
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.4.5.6 同步etcd配置到集群其它master节点

创建目录
mkdir -p /etc/etcd
mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
服务配置文件,需要修改etcd节点名称及IP地址
for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 \
do \
scp /etc/etcd/etcd.conf $i:/etc/etcd/ \
done
k8s-master02:
cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.102:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.102:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.102:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.102:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.10.101:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.10.102:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.10.103:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
k8s-master03:
cat /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.103:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.103:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.10.103:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.10.103:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.10.101:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.10.102:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.10.103:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
证书文件
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 \
do \
scp /etc/etcd/ssl/* $i:/etc/etcd/ssl \
done
服务启动配置文件
for i in k8s-master2 k8s-master3 \
do \
scp /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service $i:/etc/systemd/system/ \
done

2.4.5.7 启动etcd集群

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now etcd.service
systemctl status etcd

2.4.5.8 验证集群状态

ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.10.101:2379,https://192.168.10.102:2379,https://192.168.10.103:2379 endpoint health
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|          ENDPOINT          | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://192.168.10.101:2379 |   true | 10.393062ms |       |
| https://192.168.10.102:2379 |   true |  15.70437ms |       |
| https://192.168.10.103:2379 |   true | 15.871684ms |       |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+

2.5 Kubernetes集群部署

2.5.1 Kubernetes软件包下载

wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.21.10/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.5.2 Kubernetes软件包安装

tar -xvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/local/bin/

2.5.3 Kubernetes软件分发

scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl k8s-master02:/usr/local/bin/
scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl k8s-master03:/usr/local/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy k8s-master01:/usr/local/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy k8s-master02:/usr/local/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy k8s-master03:/usr/local/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy k8s-worker01:/usr/local/bin

2.5.4 在集群节点上创建目录

所有节点

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/        
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl     
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes 

2.5.5 部署api-server

2.5.5.1 创建apiserver证书请求文件

cat > kube-apiserver-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.10.101",
    "192.168.10.102",
    "192.168.10.103",
    "192.168.10.104",
    "192.168.10.105",
    "192.168.10.106",
    "192.168.10.107",
    "192.168.10.108",
    "192.168.10.109",
    "192.168.10.110",
    "192.168.10.100",
    "10.96.0.1",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Guangdong",
      "L": "Shenzhen",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
说明:
如果 hosts 字段不为空则需要指定授权使用该证书的 IP(含VIP) 或域名列表。由于该证书被 集群使用,需要将节点的IP都填上,为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
同时还需要填写 service 网络的首个IP(一般是 kube-apiserver 指定的 service-cluster-ip-range 网段的第一个IP,如 10.96.0.1)

2.5.5.2 生成apiserver证书及token文件

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver
cat > token.csv << EOF
$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
说明:
创建TLS机制所需TOKEN
TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver启用TLS认证后,Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy与kube-apiserver进行通信,必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以,当Node节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。
为了简化流程,Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书,kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。
所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式,目前主要用于kubelet,kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。

2.5.5.3 创建apiserver服务配置文件

cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.10.101 \
  --secure-port=6443 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.10.101 \
  --insecure-port=0 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.10.101:2379,https://192.168.10.102:2379,https://192.168.10.103:2379 \
  --enable-swagger-ui=true \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=4"
EOF

2.5.5.4 创建apiserver服务管理配置文件

cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.5.5.5 同步文件到集群master节点

cp ca*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
scp /etc/kubernetes/token.csv k8s-master02:/etc/kubernetes
scp /etc/kubernetes/token.csv k8s-master03:/etc/kubernetes
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver*.pem k8s-master02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver*.pem k8s-master03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca*.pem k8s-master02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca*.pem k8s-master03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf k8s-master02:/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
# cat /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.10.102 \
  --secure-port=6443 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.10.102 \
  --insecure-port=0 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.10.101:2379,https://192.168.10.102:2379,https://192.168.10.103:2379 \
  --enable-swagger-ui=true \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=4"
cp /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf k8s-master03:/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf

# cat /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
  --anonymous-auth=false \
  --bind-address=192.168.10.103 \
  --secure-port=6443 \
  --advertise-address=192.168.10.103 \
  --insecure-port=0 \
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
  --runtime-config=api/all=true \
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
  --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
  --service-account-issuer=api \
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
  --etcd-servers=https://192.168.10.101:2379,https://192.168.10.102:2379,https://192.168.10.103:2379  \
  --enable-swagger-ui=true \
  --allow-privileged=true \
  --apiserver-count=3 \
  --audit-log-maxage=30 \
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
  --event-ttl=1h \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=4"
scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service k8s-master02:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
scp /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service k8s-master03:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service

2.5.5.6 启动apiserver服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
# 测试
curl --insecure https://192.168.10.101:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.10.102:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.10.103:6443/
curl --insecure https://192.168.10.100:6443/

2.5.6 部署kubectl

2.5.6.1 创建kubectl证书请求文件

cat > admin-csr.json << "EOF"
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Guangdong",
      "L": "Shenzhen",
      "O": "system:masters",             
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
说明:
后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权;
kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings,如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定,该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限;
O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters,kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ,由于证书被 CA 签名,所以认证通过,同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters,所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限;
注:
这个admin 证书,是将来生成管理员用的kubeconfig 配置文件用的,现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制, kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User, O 字段作为 Group"O": "system:masters", 必须是system:masters,否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。

2.5.6.2 生成证书文件

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

2.5.6.3 复制文件到指定目录

cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/

2.5.6.4 生成kubeconfig配置文件

kube.config 为 kubectl 的配置文件,包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息,如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube.config
kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config
kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config

2.5.6.5 准备kubectl配置文件并进行角色绑定

mkdir ~/.kube
cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/config

2.5.6.6 查看集群状态

export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/.kube/config
kubectl cluster-info
kubectl get componentstatuses
kubectl get all --all-namespaces

2.5.6.7 同步kubectl配置文件到集群其它master节点

k8s-master2:
mkdir /root/.kube

k8s-master3:
mkdir /root/.kube
scp /root/.kube/config k8s-master02:/root/.kube/config
scp /root/.kube/config k8s-master03:/root/.kube/config

2.5.6.8 配置kubectl命令补全(可选)

yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc'  
source $HOME/.bash_profile

2.5.7 部署kube-controller-manager

2.5.7.1 创建kube-controller-manager证书请求文件

cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << "EOF"
{
    "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.10.101",
      "192.168.10.102",
      "192.168.10.103"
    ],
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Guangdong",
        "L": "Shenzhen",
        "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
EOF
说明:
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP;
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限

2.5.7.2 创建kube-controller-manager证书文件

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
# ls
kube-controller-manager.csr     
kube-controller-manager-csr.json
kube-controller-manager-key.pem
kube-controller-manager.pem

2.5.7.3 创建kube-controller-manager的kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

2.5.7.4 创建kube-controller-manager配置文件

cat > kube-controller-manager.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--port=10252 \
  --secure-port=10257 \
  --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
  --cluster-name=kubernetes \
  --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
  --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
  --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h \
  --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
  --leader-elect=true \
  --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
  --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --use-service-account-credentials=true \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2"
EOF

2.5.7.5 创建服务启动文件

cat > kube-controller-manager.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.5.7.6 同步文件到集群master节点

cp kube-controller-manager*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp  kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s-master02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s-master03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf k8s-master02:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kube-controller-manager.conf k8s-master03:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-controller-manager.service k8s-master02:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp  kube-controller-manager.service k8s-master03:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
#查看证书
openssl x509 -in /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem -noout -text

2.5.7.7 启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager

2.5.8 部署kube-scheduler

2.5.8.1 创建kube-scheduler证书请求文件

cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << "EOF"
{
    "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.10.101",
      "192.168.10.102",
      "192.168.10.103"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Guangdong",
        "L": "Shenzhen",
        "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}
EOF

2.5.8.2 生成kube-scheduler证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
# ls
kube-scheduler.csr
kube-scheduler-csr.json
kube-scheduler-key.pem
kube-scheduler.pem

2.5.8.3 创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

2.5.8.4 创建服务配置文件

cat > kube-scheduler.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--leader-elect=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
--v=2"
EOF

2.5.8.5创建服务启动配置文件

cat > kube-scheduler.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

2.5.8.6 同步文件至集群master节点

cp kube-scheduler*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.conf /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp  kube-scheduler*.pem k8s-master02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-scheduler*.pem k8s-master03:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp  kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf k8s-master02:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf k8s-master03:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-scheduler.service k8s-master02:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp  kube-scheduler.service k8s-master03:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

2.5.8.7 启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler

2.5.9 工作节点(worker node)部署

2.5.9.1 docker安装及配置

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
cat <| sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
systemctl restart docker

2.5.9.2 部署kubelet

在k8s-master01上操作

2.5.9.2.1 创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=kubelet-bootstrap
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl describe clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous
kubectl describe clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap
2.5.9.2.2 创建kubelet配置文件
cat > kubelet.json << "EOF"
{
  "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
  "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "authentication": {
    "x509": {
      "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
    },
    "webhook": {
      "enabled": true,
      "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
    },
    "anonymous": {
      "enabled": false
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "mode": "Webhook",
    "webhook": {
      "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
      "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
    }
  },
  "address": "192.168.10.101",
  "port": 10250,
  "readOnlyPort": 10255,
  "cgroupDriver": "systemd",                    
  "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
  "serializeImagePulls": false,
  "clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
  "clusterDNS": ["10.96.0.2"]
}
EOF
2.5.9.2.3 创建kubelet配置文件
cat > kubelet.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
  --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json \
  --network-plugin=cni \
  --rotate-certificates \
  --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
2.5.9.2.4 同步文件到集群节点
cp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
cp kubelet.json /etc/kubernetes/
cp kubelet.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
for i in  k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-worker01;do scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.json $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
for i in  k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-worker01;do scp ca.pem $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/;done
for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-worker01;do scp kubelet.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done
说明:
kubelet.json中address需要修改为当前主机IP地址。
2.5.9.2.5 创建目录及启动服务
mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet
mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet
systemctl status kubelet
# kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady      2m55s   v1.21.10
k8s-master02   NotReady      45s     v1.21.10
k8s-master03   NotReady      39s     v1.21.10
k8s-worker01   NotReady      5m1s    v1.21.10
# kubectl get csr
NAME        AGE     SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
csr-b949p   7m55s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
csr-c9hs4   3m34s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
csr-r8vhp   5m50s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
csr-zb4sr   3m40s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
说明:
确认kubelet服务启动成功后,接着到master上Approve一下bootstrap请求。

2.5.9.3 部署kube-proxy

2.5.9.3.1 创建kube-proxy证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << "EOF"
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Guangdong",
      "L": "Shenzhen",
      "O": "kubemsb",
      "OU": "CN"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
2.5.9.3.2 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
# ls kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr  kube-proxy-csr.json  kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem
2.5.9.3.3 创建kubeconfig文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.10.100:6443 --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
2.5.9.3.4 创建服务配置文件
cat > kube-proxy.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 192.168.10.101
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
healthzBindAddress: 192.168.10.101:10256
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 192.168.10.101:10249
mode: "ipvs"
EOF
2.5.9.3.5 创建服务启动管理文件
cat >  kube-proxy.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
  --alsologtostderr=true \
  --logtostderr=false \
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
2.5.9.3.6 同步文件到集群工作节点主机
cp kube-proxy*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml /etc/kubernetes/
cp kube-proxy.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-worker01;do scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml $i:/etc/kubernetes/;done
for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-worker01;do scp  kube-proxy.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;done
说明:
修改kube-proxy.yaml中IP地址为当前主机IP.
2.5.9.3.7 服务启动
mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
systemctl status kube-proxy

2.5.10 网络组件部署 Calico

2.5.10.1 下载

wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml

2.5.10.2 修改文件

3683             - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
3684               value: "10.244.0.0/16"

2.5.10.3 应用文件

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

2.5.10.4 验证应用结果

# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-tf2m5   1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-system   calico-node-llw5w                          1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-system   calico-node-mhh6g                          1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-system   calico-node-twj99                          1/1     Running   0          72s
kube-system   calico-node-zh6xl                          1/1     Running   0          72s
# kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master01   Ready       55m   v1.21.10
k8s-master02   Ready       53m   v1.21.10
k8s-master03   Ready       53m   v1.21.10
k8s-worker01   Ready       57m   v1.21.10

2.5.10 部署CoreDNS

cat >  coredns.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - ""
    resources:
    - endpoints
    - services
    - pods
    - namespaces
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
  - apiGroups:
    - discovery.k8s.io
    resources:
    - endpointslices
    verbs:
    - list
    - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        health {
          lameduck 5s
        }
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local  in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
          fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
        }
        prometheus :9153
        forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
          max_concurrent 1000
        }
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  # replicas: not specified here:
  # 1. Default is 1.
  # 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kube-dns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kube-dns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      affinity:
         podAntiAffinity:
           preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
           - weight: 100
             podAffinityTerm:
               labelSelector:
                 matchExpressions:
                   - key: k8s-app
                     operator: In
                     values: ["kube-dns"]
               topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: coredns/coredns:1.8.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 170Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 70Mi
        args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
          readOnly: true
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - all
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /ready
            port: 8181
            scheme: HTTP
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kube-dns
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "9153"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
  labels:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: kube-dns
  clusterIP: 10.96.0.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
    protocol: TCP
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP
 
EOF
kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-tf2m5   1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   calico-node-llw5w                          1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   calico-node-mhh6g                          1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   calico-node-twj99                          1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   calico-node-zh6xl                          1/1     Running   0          4m7s
kube-system   coredns-675db8b7cc-ncnf6                   1/1     Running   0          26s

2.5.11 部署应用验证

cat >  nginx.yaml  << "EOF"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx-web
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    name: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:1.19.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service-nodeport
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 30001
      protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    name: nginx
EOF
kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-web-qzvw4   1/1     Running   0          58s   10.244.194.65   k8s-worker01              
nginx-web-spw5t   1/1     Running   0          58s   10.244.224.1    k8s-master02              
# kubectl get all
NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-web-qzvw4   1/1     Running   0          2m2s
pod/nginx-web-spw5t   1/1     Running   0          2m2s

NAME                                     DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicationcontroller/nginx-web   2         2         2       2m2s

NAME                             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
service/kubernetes               ClusterIP   10.96.0.1               443/TCP        3h37m
service/nginx-service-nodeport   NodePort    10.96.165.114           80:30001/TCP   2m2s

2.6 Kubernetes集群节点管理

新增工作节点得管理
和前面得基本相同:
1. 主机准备,设置主机名,主机IP地址解析(集群中已有节点也需要添加新节点的解析);
2. 主机安全设置,关闭防火墙,关闭selinux,关闭交换分区,主机系统时间同步;
3. 主机系统优化,limit优化, ipvs管理工具安装及模块加载;
4. 内核优化,在所有节点中安装,需要重新操作系统更换内核。
5. 配置免密,在k8s-master01节点操作;
6. 下载k8s软件包;kubelet 和 kube-proxy;
7. 安装docker-ce;
8. 布署kubelet,

2.6.1 部署kubelet

[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes
[root@k8s-master01 k8s-work]# pwd
/data/k8s-work
scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.json k8s-worker04:/etc/kubernetes/
scp ca.pem k8s-worker04:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp kubelet.service k8s-worker04:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
修改kubelet.json文件
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# cat /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json
{
  "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
  "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "authentication": {
    "x509": {
      "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
    },
    "webhook": {
      "enabled": true,
      "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
    },
    "anonymous": {
      "enabled": false
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "mode": "Webhook",
    "webhook": {
      "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
      "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
    }
  },
  "address": "192.168.10.107",
  "port": 10250,
  "readOnlyPort": 10255,
  "cgroupDriver": "systemd",
  "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
  "serializeImagePulls": false,
  "clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
  "clusterDNS": ["10.96.0.2"]
}
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# systemctl status kubelet
# kubectl get nodes
NAME          STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master01   Ready       41h   v1.21.10
k8s-master02   Ready       41h   v1.21.10
k8s-master03   Ready       41h   v1.21.10
k8s-worker01   Ready       41h   v1.21.10
k8s-worker04   Ready       55s   v1.21.10

2.6.3.4 部署kube-proxy

scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml k8s-worker04:/etc/kubernetes/
scp  kube-proxy.service k8s-worker04:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# cat /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 192.168.10.107
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16
healthzBindAddress: 192.168.10.107:10256
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 192.168.10.107:10249
mode: "ipvs"
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
[root@k8s-worker04 ~]# systemctl status kube-proxy

2.6.4 验证

# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP               NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES

calico-node-dkndr                          1/1     Running   0          19s   192.168.10.107  k8s-worker04              
kubectl label nodes k8s-worker04 deploy.type=nginxapp
cat > nginx.yaml << EOF
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx-web
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    name: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx
    spec:
      nodeSelector:
        deploy.type: nginxapp
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:1.19.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service-nodeport
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 30001
      protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    name: nginx
EOF

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