必背小短文100篇 | P1-100 | 英语老师给的

Passage 1

● New Words
junior	n. 年少者, 大学三年级学生　　adj. 年少的, 高级的
positive	adj. 肯定的, 积极的, 确实的
reward	n. 报酬, 奖金　　v. 酬劳, 奖赏
senior	n. 年长者, 大学四年级学生　　adj. 年长的, 高级的
unlike	adj. 不同的, 不相似的
former	adj. 从前的, 以前的　　n. 形成者, 创造者
frustrate	v. 挫败, 阻挠, 使感到灰心, 阻止

● Text
Teachers’ methods have effects on students’ learning.
My junior middle school English teacher often praised students.
This positive method made foreign language learning experience rewarding.
But the senior middle school teacher was unlike the former one.
She punished those who made mistakes.
I felt frustrated in her class.
教师的方法对学生的学习有影响. 上初中时, 我的英语老师经常表扬学生. 这种积极的教学方法使外语学习的经历很有意义. 但高中老师不同于以前的那位老师, 她惩罚出差错的学生. 上她的课我很有挫败感.

● Phrases
a junior college	大专院校	to reward your kindness	酬谢你的好意
a junior class	大学三年级班	a reward of $900	九百美元酬金
senior citizens	老人	a positive answer	肯定的回答
in former times	从前	a former ambassador	前任外交大使
to frustrate a plan	破坏一个计划	frustration delay	令人沮丧的拖延

• 谚语
  Practice makes perfect. 孰能生巧
  Use makes mastery. 用能精通

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Passage 2

● New Words
opportunity	n. 机会, 时机
online	adj. 联机的, 在线的
communication	n. 传达, 信息, 交通, 通讯
medium	pl. media　　n. 媒体, 方法　　a. 中等的
modem	n. 调制解调器(光猫, WiFi路由器)
access	n. 通路, 访问, 入门
technology	n. 工艺, 科技, 技术

● Text
Last year Shirley got an opportunity to study Greek through online courses.
The communication medium was a computer with modem.
Before the courses begin, she got access to the equipment and learned the technology of operating computers.
去年, 雪梨得到一个网上学习希腊语的机会. 通讯媒介是装了调制解调器的电脑. 在课程开始之前, 她获得设备, 并学会了操作电脑的技术.

● Phrases
a medium tank	中型坦克	communication technology	通信技术
multi-media devices	多媒体设备	to communicate with sb	与人交流
online love affair	网恋	to get access to	获得接触...的途径
to lose an opportunity	错过机会	online trading platform	网上交易平台
market access	市场准入	technology transfer	技术转让

• 近义词
• about 大约
  around 大约
  approximate 近似的, 大约的
• precise 精确的
  accurate 正确的, 精确的
  exact 精确的, 原样的
• punishment 惩罚, 处罚
  penalty 处罚, 罚款
  fine 罚款, 罚金

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Passage 3

● New Words
participate	vi. (in) 参与, 参加, 分享, 分担
virtual	adj. 虚的, 实质的, 事实上的
commitment	n. 献身, 许诺, 承担义务
discipline	n. 纪律, 惩罚, 学科, 自制　　vt. 控制, 约束
minimum	adj. 最小的, 最低的　　n. 最小值, 最小化
assignment	n. 分配, 委派, 人物, (课外) 作业
embarrass	vt. 使困窘, 使局促不安

● Text
Laura once participated in the virtual Spanish classroom.
This way of learning required commitment and discipline.
She studied hard to meet the minimum standards and to complete the assignments on time.
Of course, she made embarrassing mistakes now and then.
劳拉蹭参加过网上虚拟课堂的西班牙语学习. 这种学习要求学习者专一, 自律. 她努力学习, 尽力达到最低要求, 并按时完成作业. 当然, 她有时也犯一些很尴尬的错误

● Phrases
the minimum wage	最低工资	make a commitment	承诺
a commitment to sth	对...的奉献	the music discipline	音乐学科 (课程)
military discipline	军队纪律	to participate in profits	分享利润
school discipline	学校训练	the virtual head	实际负责人
to look embarrassed	显得难堪	to discipline ourselves	约束自己

● 名人名言
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. —— Davy de La Pailleterie
生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针 —— 大仲马

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Passage 4

● New Words
benefit	n. 利益, 好处　　v. 获益
continual	adj. 连续的, 频繁的, 持续不断的
screen	n. 屏幕, 屏风, 遮帘
insight	n. 洞察力, 见识(常与 into 连用)
culture	n. 文化, 文明, 教养　　vt. 陶冶, 培育
favorite	adj. 最喜爱的　　n. 特别喜欢的人或物
activity	n. 活动, 行动, 行为

● Text
Eric got a lot of benefits from continual Swedish learning on the screen.
He got the insights into another culture and improved his communication skills in Swedish.
Now talking with Swedish was one of his favorite activities.
通过在电脑上不断学习瑞典语, 埃里克受益匪浅. 他见识了不同的文化, 提高了用瑞典语交际的技巧. 现在, 和瑞典人交谈是他最喜爱的活动之一.

● Phrases
a window screen	纱窗	religious culture	宗教文化
sb’s favorite sport	最喜爱的运动	to benefit from stocks	从股票中受益
social activities	社会活动	to have an insight into	洞察到...
a man of insight	有洞察力的人	continual noise	连续不断的嘈杂声
smoke screen	烟幕	a man of little culture	没教养的人

• 反义前缀(1)
• dis- 表示"无", "不";
  dislike　　不喜欢
  dishonest　　不诚实的
  disappear　　消失
  discount　　折扣
• un- , non 表示"非", "不"
  unfair　　不公平的
  unsay　　取消前言
  unload　　卸货
  non-smoker　　不吸烟者

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Passage 5

● New Words
community	n. 公社, 团体, 社会, (政治)共同体
aware	adj. 意识到的, 知道的
expand	v. 使膨胀, 详述, 扩张, 张开, 发展
gap	n. 差距, 隔阂, 缺口, 裂口
ideal	adj. 理想的, 想象的　　n. 理想
unique	adj. 独特的, 唯一的, 独一无二的
following	adj. 下列的, 其次的　　n. 一批追随者

● Text
A community director in Athens is aware of the expanding gap between the rich and poor.
He makes an ideal and unique plan to bridge the gap in the community.
The following are the details.
雅典的一位社区主任意识到贫富差距越来越大。他指定了一个理想且独特的计划来缩小社区里的这种差距。下面就是计划的具体内容。

● Phrases
the generation gap	代沟	in the following chapter	在下一章节
to realize one’s ideal	实现理想	a unique technique	独一无二的技术
a unique genius	无与伦比的天才	to expand domestic demand	扩大内需
ideal solution	理想溶液	political community	政治共同体
to expand commerce	发展商业	to be artistically aware	艺术感强

• 近义词
  1. aware 认识到的　　conscious 意识到的　　sensible 感知到的
  　awake 醒着的　　alert 警觉的　　watchful 注意照看的
  2. expand 扩大　　enlarge 增大　　extend 延伸
  3. state 状态　　condition 状态, 情况　　situation 状态, 情形

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Passage 6

● New Words
critical	adj. 关键性的, 决定性的, 重要的, 批评的
visual	adj. 视觉的, 看的
barrier	n. 障碍物, 栅栏, 壁垒, 关卡
ability	n. 能力, 本领, 才能
addition	n. 加, 加起来, 增加
reflect	v. 反省, 细想, 反射, 反映
environment	n. 环境, 外借

● Text
Communication online play a critical role in virtual classroom.
It not only removes some students’ visual barriers, but also improves their writing abilities.
In addition, students can reflect on the information before answering, which keeps the online environment open and friendly.
在虚拟课堂中，网上交流的作用很重要。它不仅消除了一些学生视觉障碍，而且提高了它们的写作能力。此外，学生在回答问题之前能对所给信息进行思考，这使得网上环境开放而友好。

● Phrases
visual pollution	视觉污染	a visual organ	视觉器官
trade barrier	贸易壁垒	at the critical stage	处于危险期
a critical point	最重要的一点	a critical element	必不可少的因素
to reflect light	反射光线	a critical analysis	批判性分析
in addition to	除了...之外	tourist environment	旅游环境

• 易混词
  aware (n.)奖, 奖品 (v.)授予, 判给
  reward (n.)报酬, 奖金 (v.)奖赏

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Passage 7

● New Words
arise	vi. 出现, (由...) 引起 (from), 起床
perspective	n. 观点, 看法
peer	n. 同等的人, 贵族vi. 凝视, 窥视
instruct	vt. 教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知
absolutely	adv. 十足地, 完全地, 绝对地
reinforce	vt. 加强, 增援, 补充, 增加...的数量
understanding	n. 谅解, 理解力

● Text
Diana is learning Malay through an online course.
When problems arise in this course, she can share her perspectives with her peers and instructors.
In this way, she has absolutely reinforced her understandings about the course.
戴安娜正通过网上课程来学习马来西亚语。当在学习这门课程的过程中出现问题时，她可以与同龄人及老师交流自己的观点。通过这种学习方法，她已经完全强化了对这门课程的理解。

● Phrases
an absolute trust	绝对信任	to peer through the mist	在雾中仔细张望
a sports instructor	体育老师	to instruct sb to start soon	命令某人早动身
(problem) arise	出现(问题)	to reach an understanding	达成谅解
to arise early	起床早	to reinforce a wall	给墙加固
to instruct a class	教一个班	mistake that arise from	出自于...的错误

• 近义词
  hinder　　延迟, 阻碍
  block　　完全阻碍
  dam　　阻碍流动或释放
  bar　　阻止进出口或行为过程

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Passage 8

● New Words
likely	adj. 很可能的, 可靠的adv. 或许, 很可能
hinder	adj. 后面的v.阻碍
reap	v. 收割, 收获
forum	n. 古罗马的广场(或市场), 论坛, 讨论会
facilitate	vt. (不以人作为主语的) 使容易, 帮助, 促进
social	adj. 社会的, 爱交际的, 社交的, 群居的
enlarge	v. 扩大, 放大

● Text
Some students’ expressions are likely to be hindered by visual barriers.
They can’t reap the benefits of face-to-face communications.
For them, the forum for online communication may facilitate their social activities and enlarge their scope of knowledge.
一些学生的表达可能受到视觉障碍的阻碍，因而不能从面对面的交流中获益。对这些学生来说，网上交流论坛可能有助于它们的社交活动，扩展它们的知识面。

● Phrases
be likely to do	可能做	a likely excuse	令人信服的理由
to have a forum	开个讨论会	be hindered by storm	受阻于暴风雨
social insects	群居的昆虫	to hinder sb from doing	阻碍某人做
to reap a field	收割地里的庄稼	to facilitate matters	省事
social status	社会地位	to enlarge one’s vocabulary	扩大词汇量

• 反义前缀(2)
• il-, im-, in-, ir- 表示“非”, “不”
  logical → illogical　　不合逻辑的
  balanced → imbalanced　　不平衡的
  valuable → invaluable　　无价的
  responsible → irresponsible　　不负责任的

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Passage 9

● New Words
input	n. & v. 输入, 输入物,[计算机科学]输入资料
essential	adj. 非常重要的, 必不可少的　　n.要素, 要点
challenge	n. 挑战, 质疑vt. 向...挑战, 对...质疑
vital	adj. 至关重要的, 生死攸关的, 有生命的
normally	adv. 正常地, 通常地
sequence	n.次序, 顺序, 序列
commit	vt. 使用, 用于, 犯(错误), 干(坏事), 使承诺

● Text
Quality language input is an essential part of online foreign language teaching.
This is a challenge to teachers.
As for students, it is vital to complete all work on time.
Online learning is normally sequential.
It requires students commit 10 hours a week to keep up with the progress.
高质量的语言输入是远程外语教学的重要部分，这对教师是一个挑战。对学生而言，按时完成所有功课则至关重要。网上学习通常是循序渐进的，它要求学生每周专心致志学习10小时，以便跟上进度。

● Phrases
to commit a murder	谋杀	to commit oneself to sth	承诺某事
the normal training	师资培训	a steady input of fuel	燃料的不断输入
a real challenge	真正的挑战	the essentials of grammar	语法要点
to commit suicide	自杀	a challenge to a theory	对理论质疑
a vital examination	重要考试	historical sequence	历史上的先后顺序

● 名人名言
I am a slow walker, but I never walk backwards. —— Abraham Lincoln
我走得很慢，但是我从来不会后退。—— 亚伯拉罕·林肯

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Passage 10

● New Words
click	vi. 使发出咔哒声　　n. 咔哒声
definitely	adv.明确地, 确切地, 无疑地
blast	v. 发出巨响, 用炸药炸　　n. 一阵(风), 爆炸
forth	adv. 往前, 向前
rhythm	n. 节奏, 韵律, 有规则的变化
horrible	adj.可怕的, 恐怖的, 讨厌的
stuff	n. 原料, 材料, 素材资料　　v. 填满, 填充

● Text
Every morning when the radio in George’s room clicked on, it was definitely the rock music that blasted forth.
George liked the rhythm of the music, but his parents thought it was only horrible stuff.
每天早上，只要乔治房间的收音机“咔哒”一声打开，“哗”地响起的必然是摇滚音乐。乔治喜欢这种音乐的节奏，但他父母认为那不过是讨厌的东西。

● Phrases
horrible weather	鬼天气	to stuff a pillow	填塞枕头
green stuff	蔬菜	to click “print”	点击“打印”键
a blast of wind	一阵风	from this time forth	从这时起
to blast a tunnel	爆破隧道	the biological rhythm	生物节律
definite quantity	确切数量	definitely speaking	确切地说

• 构词法
• 表示空间、时间上“在中间、在内、向内”的前缀(1):
  mid-, im-, in-
  midland 内陆　　midway 中途
  impress 铭记　　immigrate 移居入境　　imprison 监禁　　import 进口　　impose 强加
  include 包括　　inside 里面的　　interior 内部的　　internal 内在的, 国内的

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Passage 11

● New Words
youngster	n.年轻人, 少年
offensive	adj. 讨厌的, 无礼的, 攻击性的　　n. 攻势
disgusting	adj. 令人厌恶的
pierce	vt. 刺穿, 刺破, 穿透
identity	n. 身份, 一致
annoy	vt. 使烦恼, 使生气
disturb	vt. 使焦虑, 妨碍, 扰乱

● Text
Nowadays 5% of youngsters behave abnormally.
They use offensive languages, wear disgusting clothes, or have their bodies pierced.
They do these to express their identities.
However, these behaviors not only annoy their parents, but also disturb the public.
如今有百分之五的年轻人举止异常。他们用冒犯性的语言，穿令人厌恶的衣服，或者在身体上穿洞。他们这样做是要表明自己的身份。但是，这种行为不仅使父母亲烦恼，也使公众感到不安。

● Phrases
to annoy at sth	讨厌某事	to pierce through space	穿过太空
to disturb the peace	扰乱治安	a disgusting smell	令人作呕的气味
to annoy with	生...的气	to take the offensive	发动攻势
an offensive manner	无礼的态度	a smiling youngster	微笑的年轻人
the identity card	身份证	an identity of views	一致意见

● 名人名言
We always have enough time, if we will but use use it aright. —— Goethe
只要我们能善用时间，就永远不愁时间不够用。—— 歌德

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Passage 12

● New Words
thorough	adj. 十分的, 彻底的
towel	n. 手巾, 毛巾
jean	n. 牛仔裤, 裤子, 细斜纹布
wrap	vt. 包, 裹
sweater	n. 厚运动衫, 毛线衫
grab	v. 抢夺, 攫取, 夺取
bolt	v. 逃跑, 上门闩　　n. 逃跑, 门闩, 螺钉

● Text
Daniel seldom had time for breakfast.
He always had a thorough shower in the morning.
After drying himself with a towel, he put on his jeans and wrapped a sweater around his shoulders.
Then he would grab textbooks and bolted out of the house to catch the school bus.
丹尼尔很少有时间吃早饭。他总是在早上洗个痛快的淋浴。用毛巾擦干身子后，他穿上牛仔裤，肩上裹一条毛衣。然后，他抓起课本就冲出屋子去赶校车。

● Phrases
to grab power	攫取政权	a thorough search	彻底的搜查
to wrap a package	打包	to bolt the door	把门闩好
blue jeans	蓝色装裤	preshrunk jeans	缩过水的牛仔服
a towel holder	毛巾架	to make a grab at a rope	抓住绳索
knitted sweaters	针织绒衫	a thorough repair	大修

• 近义词
  1. establish 建立, 设立　　set up 设立, 竖立　　found 建立, 创立
  2. able 能干的, 能够的　　capable 能干的　　efficient 有效率的, 能干的
  　qualified 有资格的, 能干的　　skilled 熟练能干的

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Passage 13

● New Words
teenager	n. 十几岁的青少年
violence	n. 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行
permanent	adj. 永久的, 持久的
negative	adj. 否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的
influence	n. (常与 on 连用) 影响　　v.影响
concern	n. 关心, 关注　　v. (常与 with, about 连用) 关心
effective	adj. 有效的, 被实施的, 给人印象深刻的

● Text
TV programs are very popular with teenagers.
However, violence on TV may have permanent negative influence on them.
Parents are concerned about it.
The government has taken some effective methods to deal with it.
电视节目受到青少年的喜爱。然而，电视上的暴力镜头对它们也许有永久性的负面影响。家长们对此非常担心，政府部门已采取了有效措施来处理这一问题。

● Phrases
the negative sign	负号	a negative answer	否定的答复
negative ideas	消极的想法	the effective measures	有效措施
crimes of violence	暴力犯罪	a positive influence on	对...的积极影响
to concern oneself with	关心	to be concerned about	担心
permanent address	永久地址	teenage viewers	年轻观众

• 构词法
• 表示相反、对立意义的前缀：anti-, counter- 表示“反”、“对”、“往回”
  anti-government 反zf　　anti-Japanese 抗r的
  countermeasure 对策　　counterattack 反击
  contradiction 反驳, 矛盾　　contraception 避孕

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Passage 14

● New Words
repeatedly	adv. 重复地, 再三地
awful	adj. 极度的, 糟糕的
tune	n. 曲调, 调子, 合调　　vt. 调音, 调整
appeal	vi. (常与 to 连用) 吸引　　n. 请求, 吸引力
section	n. 部分, 断片, 部件, 节
rid	v. 使摆脱, 使去掉
knot	n. (绳等的)结, 树的节, 肿块, 紧张感

● Text
The music Kevin always repeatedly plays is awful and tuneless to hes parents.
They don’t understand why it appeals to the youngsters.
When this music is played, they usually read the sports section of the newspaper to get rid of the knots in their stomachs.
凯文总是重复播放的音乐在他父母看来既讨厌又毫无旋律。他们搞不懂为什么它会吸引年轻人。当这种音乐响起时，他们通常看一看报纸的体育版，排除心中的不快。

● Phrases
an awful day	糟糕的一天	to tune the violin	调小提琴的音
to knot one’s tie	打领带	to tune a TV set	调换电视频道
Chinese knot	中国结	to rid oneself of debt	还清债务
an artistic appeal	艺术魅力	to dismiss his appeal	驳回他的上诉
an appeal of aid	恳求援助	the sports section	体育版	\

• 反义词
  1. abstract 抽象的 —— concrete 具体的
  2. absolute 绝对的 —— relative 相对的
  3. acceptance 接受 —— refusal 拒绝

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Passage 15

● New Words
appointment	n. 约定, 制定, 任命, 职位
blouse	n. 宽松女短衫, 罩衫
instrument	n. 乐器, 工具, 手段
bang	v. 重击
expel	v. 驱逐, 开除, 排出, 发射
powerful	adj. 强大的, 有力的
toast	n. 烤面包(片), 干杯　　vt. 敬酒, 烤

● Text
Linda had a appointment to a design show.
Wearing a fashionable blouse, she displayed her two newly designed products.
One is an instrument.
It can imitate different sounds such as banging a door and expelling a rocket.
The other is a powerful machine.
It can make toasts within 30 seconds.
琳达应约出席了一个设计展。她穿着时髦的衬衫，展示了她设计的两件产品。一件是乐器。它能模仿不同的声音，比如“呯”的关门声和发射火箭的声音。另一件是功率强大的机器，它能在30秒内烤出面包片。

● Phrases
the appointment system	任用制度	an instrument for writing	书写工具
be expelled from school	被学校开除	to bang on the door	呯呯地敲门
to toast one’s feet	烘脚	the expel an invader	把侵略者赶出去
optical instruments	光学仪器	to make an appointment	约会
to make a toast	干杯	a powerful drug	特效药

• 近义词
  emphasize 强调, 着重
  stress 着重, 强调, 重读
  insist 坚持, 强调

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Passage 16

● New Words
mature	v. 使成熟　　adj. 成熟的, 充分考虑的
identity	vt. 认出, 鉴定, 与...有关系
radical	adj. 激进的, 极端的　　n. 激进分子
fashion	n. 样子, 方式, 流行, 风尚
defy	vt. 违抗, 藐视, 挑衅　　n. 挑战
patience	n. 耐性, 忍耐
rebel	v. 反叛　　n. 叛逆者

● Text
When children begin to mature, they may identify themselves in some radical ways.
They may think their parents are old-fashioned and defy them.
Parents should exercise patience with rebelling children.
当孩子开始成熟时，他们可能以一些激进的方式来显示自己的个性。他们可能会认为自己的父母很守旧，于是就会违抗父母。父母对叛逆的孩子要有忍耐力。

● Phrases
the latest fashion	最新样式	slaves of fashion	拼命赶时髦的人
to identify with	与...有关系	to identify the boundaries	标明界限
radical changes	剧烈的变化	a radical politician	激进的政治家
rebel troops	叛军	a mature plan	深思熟虑的计划
in patience	耐着性子	to identify handwriting	鉴定笔迹

• 近义词
  complete 完成, 使完善
  accomplish 完成, 实现
  achieve 完成, 达到
  finish 完成, 结束
  fulfill 履行, 完成

---

Passage 17

● New Words
severe	adj. 严厉的, 严格的, 严重的, 剧烈的
cripple	n. 跛子, 伤残人　　v. 使残, 使跛, 削弱
lean	vi. 倚靠, 依赖　　adj. 瘦的, 贫乏的
coordinate	vt. 使协调
balance	n. 均势, 平衡, 结余, 余额
halt	v. 使停止, 停止前进
inward	adj. 内向的, 内在的

● Text
In an accident, David was severely crippled.
However, he could lean on his kind wife.
They coordinated their steps when walking together.
He put his hand on her arm for balance and she never felt impatient by his halting.
All this often made their neighbors inwardly surprised.
一场事故造成大卫严重跛足，但他可以依赖善良的妻子。一起走路时，他们的步伐协调一致。他把手搭在妻子臂上以保持平衡，妻子也从未因他停下脚步而感到烦躁。所有这些常常令邻居从内心里感到惊讶。

● Phrases
lean meat	瘦肉	to lean on moneybags	傍大款
inward doubts	内心的疑虑	to lean against the railing	倚在栏杆上
a severe pain	剧痛	a severe master	苛刻的主人
to lose balance	失去平衡	to coordinate our efforts	我们共同努力
to call a halt	喝令停止	the cripple girl	跛脚的女孩

• 近义词
• coast 海岸
  bank 河岸
  shore 海、湖、河岸
  beach 沙岸、沙滩
• drag 拖拽
  draw 牵, 拉
  pull 拉, 拖, 拔
  haul 用力拖拉

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Passage 18

● New Words
despite	prep. 不管, 尽管, 不论
nasty	adj. 肮脏的, 令人厌恶的, 威胁的
wagon	n. 四轮马车, 货车, 手推车
subway	n. 地道, <美>地铁
cling	vi. 紧握, 粘紧, 坚持(意见), 墨守(习惯)
rail	n. 横杆, 围栏, 铁轨
tunnel	n. 隧道, 地道

● Text
Jim’s crippled father went to work despite nasty weather.
When ice was on the ground, Jim would pull his father on a child’s wagon to the subway entrance.
Once there, his father would cling to the handrail and walked to the deep tunnel.
即使天气恶劣，吉姆残疾的父亲也去上班。当路上结冰时，吉姆用儿童推车把父亲送到地铁入口。到达入口后，父亲就紧抓着地铁入口的扶手，向地铁隧道深处前进。

● Phrases
a dessert wagon	甜点服务车	to travel by subway	乘地铁
to make a tunnel	掘隧道	to cling to customs	墨守习俗
to cling to rope	抓牢绳子	light rail vehicle	轻轨电动车辆
a nasty remark	恶毒的话	despite difficulties	尽管有困难
the nasty smell	难闻的气味	despite one’s achievements	尽管有成绩

• 易混词
• consistent 一致的
  constant 不变的
• content 内容
  consent 同意

---

Passage 19

● New Words
amaze	vt. 使吃惊
stress	n. 重压　　vt. 着重, 强调, 重读
engage	vt. 使从事于, 使参加, 雇佣
complain	v. 抱怨, 悲叹, 控
envy	n. 羡慕, 嫉妒
precise	adj. 精确的, 准确的　　n. 精确
owner	n. 所有者, 业主

● Text
People are amazed at Cliff’s courage to subject himself to shame and stress.
As a disabled person, he is unable to engage in many activities, but he never complains about or envies others.
He knows precisely who is the owner of a “kind heart”.
我惊诧于克里夫承受的屈辱和压力的勇气。作为一名残疾人，他不能从事很多活动，但他却从不抱怨或嫉妒别人。他确切地知道谁拥有一颗“仁爱之心”。

● Phrases
the owner of a car	车主人	to one’s amazement	令人吃惊的是
to lay stress on sth	强调某事	to feel envy toward	令...感到嫉妒
to regard with envy	羡慕地看待	to engage a new secretary	聘请新秘书
precise instruments	精密仪器	to engage in conversation	加入谈话
the right to complain	投诉权	to stress the fire safety	强调防火安全

• 构词法
• 表示“下、低、在下面”的前缀：sub-, de-
  subway 地铁
  submarine 海中的, 潜艇的
  subscribe 署名, 订阅
  subsequent 随后的
• degrade 降级
  descend 下降

---

Passage 20

● New Words
occasion	n. 场合, 时机, 机会
local	adj. 地方的, 当地的, 局部的
baseball	n. 棒球, 棒球运动
basement	n. 地下室, 墙角
trifle	n. 琐事, 少量　　v. 开玩笑, 玩弄, 虚度
punch	v. 用拳猛击　　n. 拳打, 殴打
shove	n. & v. <口>推挤, 猛推, 强使

● Text
On one occasion, a local baseball team in Los Angeles had a meeting in basement of the sports building.
A quarrel broke out for trifles.
Everybody should except the captain.
He kept the clam and say to it that his members wouldn’t punch and shove each other.
有一次，洛杉矶有一个当地棒球队在体育大楼的地下室开会，为一些小事爆发了争吵。人人大喊大叫，只有球队队长除外。他保持镇静，确保他的队员们不要挥拳打人或相互推撞。

● Phrases
a local infection	局部感染	a local custom	当地风俗
baseball gloves	棒球手套	on occasions	偶尔, 间断地
a great occasion	盛大的场面	a punch on the nose	鼻子上挨的一拳
local government	地方政府	to trifle with the health	把健康当儿戏
to shove roughly	硬推	basement waterproofing	地下室防水

• 易混词
• effective 效果好的
  efficient 效率高的
• custom 风俗
  customer 顾客

---

Passage 21

● New Words
upset	vt. 使不适，使心烦，颠覆，扰乱
depressed	adj. 沮丧的，降低的
brow	n. 眉毛，额，（面部）表情
requirement	n. 需求，要求，必要条件
anchor	n. 锚　　v. 抛锚，锚定
honey	n. 蜂蜜，甜汁，甜言蜜语
distract	v. 使转离原来的注意力，使分心

● Text
Mr Anderson felt upset and depressed.
His brows were lifted.
He didn’t understand why his client had a strict requirement for the anchor production.
Even his honey-tongued wife couldn’t distract him from that feeling.
安德森先生感到烦恼和沮丧，皱着眉头。他不明白客户为什么会对船锚生产提出如此严格的要求。甚至妻子的甜言蜜语也不能转移他的情绪。

● Phrases
a contracted brow	皱缩的眉头	to upset stomach	吃坏肚子
to cast an anchor	抛锚	a depressed region	萧条的地区
water requirement	水需求量	to depress sb	使某人意志消沉
to meet a requirement	满足需求	to upset a glass	把玻璃杯弄倒
an anchor person	节目主持人	to distract attention	分散注意力

• 构词法
• 表示空间的“上、在上”，程度上“高于、过”的前缀（1）：over-
  overhead 在头上方，在空中
  overlook 俯视
  overflight 越界飞行
  overseas 在海外，在国外
  overhang 悬于...上，突出
  overall 总体上

---

Passage 22

● New Words
elderly	adj. 过了中年的，稍老的
collapse	vi. 病倒，倒塌，崩溃n. 倒塌，崩溃，失败
ambulance	n. 救护车
locate	v. 定位，位于
nearby	adj. 附近的，邻近的adv. 在附近
emergency	n. 紧急情况，突然事件
marine	n. 海军，舰队adj. 海的，海产的，海运的

● Text
An elderly woman had collapsed while crossing the street.
An ambulance rushed her to a hospital located nearby.
The emergency-room nurse found a letter in her pocket, from which she learned that her son was marine.
有位老太太穿过马路时晕倒在地，一辆救护车把她急送到附近的县医院。急救室的护士在她的口袋里发现了一封信，从信中得知她儿子是海军陆战队员。

● Phrases
to be getting elderly	年纪渐老	problems in the elderly	老年人问题
a nearby shop	附近的商店	earth surface collapse	地表塌陷
to be located in	位于	a state of emergency	紧急状态
marine animals	海生动物	to locate firms abroad	把公司安在国外
the collapse of plans	计划失败	to locate the source of	找到...来源

• 构词法
• 表示空间的“上、向上”，程度上“高于、过”的前缀（2）：sur-
  surface 表面
  surcoat 外衣
  surplus 多余
  surname 姓
  surround 环绕
  survivor 幸存者
  survey 考察
  surrealism 超现实主义

---

Passage 23

● New Words
military	adj. 军事的，军用的
dim	adj. 暗淡的，模糊的
oxygen	n. 氧，氧气
vehicle	n. 交通工具，媒介物
sole	adj. 单独的，唯一的
enable	vt. 使能够
dusk	n. 薄暮，黄昏

● Text
Captain Young was badly injured in a military exercise.
He was put into a dim oxygen tent and sent to a small airfield nearby by a vehicle.
The sole plane there enabled him to reach a big hospital at dusk.
杨格上尉在军事演习中受了重伤。他被放进光线昏暗的氧气帐，用汽车送到附近一个小机场。机场唯一的一架飞机能够在黄昏时把他送到一家大医院。

● Phrases
a space vehicle	航天器	a dim room	昏暗的房间
military service	兵役	military operations	军事行动
sole agency	独家代理	the sole survivor	唯一幸存者
oxygen masks	氧气面具	my sole purpose	我唯一的目的
at dusk	在黄昏时刻	to enable to withstand sth	使经得起...

• 构词法

• 表示空间上的“上、向上”、程度上“高于、过”的前缀（3）：super-
  superman 超人
  superstar 超级明星
  supervise 监督，指导

• supermarket 超级市场
  superpower 超级大国
  supertanker 超级油轮

---

Passage 24

● New Words
lobby	n. 大厅，休息室 vi. 游说议员
ward	n. 守卫，牢房，病房 v. 保卫，防止，避免
extend	v. 扩充，延伸，伸展，扩大
limp	adj. 柔软的，易曲的vi. 跛行
apparent	adj. 显然的，外观上的
sympathy	n. 同情，同情心
interrupt	v. 打断，中断，妨碍，插嘴

● Text
In the entrance lobby of the hospital Philip got the notice that his mother was dying.
He hurried into the ward and extended his hand to grasp her limp fingers.
She had apparently become cold.
The nurse offered the words of sympathy but was interrupted by him.
菲利普在医院入口大厅处得到母亲将去世的通知。他匆匆走进病房，伸手抓住母亲无力的手指。她显然已经变凉。护士说些表示同情的话，却被他打断了。

● Phrases
in sympathy	同情	the apparent cause	表面原因
to interrupt sb	打断某人的话	to extend one’s visit	把拜访延长
a letter of sympathy	慰问信	the banking lobby	银行游说团
to extend outward	向外延伸	without apparent reason	无明显的原因
an isolation ward	隔离病房	to disallow an interrupt	不允许中断

• 构词法
• 表示空间、时间上“在中间、在内、向内”的前缀：inter-, intra-
• interact 交互作用
  interchange 交换
  interdependent 互相依赖的
  interrupt 打断
  intelligence 智力
  intermediate 中间程度的
• intra-European 欧洲范围的
  intramarginal 页面内的

---

Passage 25

● New Words
staff	n. 全体职员
exchange	v. 交换，交流，交易 n. 交换，交流，交易
overwhelm	v. 淹没，覆没，受打击，制服，压倒
squeeze	n.&v. 压榨，挤，挤榨
laughter	n. 笑，笑声
funeral	n. 葬礼，出殡
exit	n. 出口，太平门，退场 v. 退出，脱离，离开

● Text
The night staff in the hospital exchanged greetings.
Their laughter infected a patient overwhelmed by despair.
He squeezed a smile.
A moment ago, he thought of his funeral, but now he was eager to recover and exit the hospital.
医院里值夜班的人员彼此交换问候，他们的笑声感染了一位被绝望情绪压倒的病人。他挤出了一丝微笑。刚在他还在考虑他的葬礼，此时却急切地向着痊愈后离开医院。

● Phrases
to exchange ideas	交换意见	to exchange words	发生口角
the stock exchange	股票交易	loud laughter	响亮的笑声
to squeeze juice	榨汁机	to squeeze through a crowd	挤过人群
staff members	员工	a vacuum tank	真空罐
the funeral home	[美]殡仪馆	the exit visa	出境签证

• 构词法
• 表示空间、时间上的“上、向上”，程度上“高于、过”的前缀（4）：up-
  uphold 支持，举起
  upward 向上
  upgrade 升级
  upstairs 在楼上

---

Passage 26

● New Words
conscious	adj. 有意识的，有知觉的
attitude	n. 态度，姿势，看法，意见
reaction	n. 反应，反作用，反动力
range	v. 排列，归类于 n. 山脉，行列，范围
speaker	n. 说话者，演讲者，扬声器
impress	vt. 留下印象，印，盖印
audience	n. 听众，观众

● Text
Consciously or unconsciously, we show our feelings with our eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes.
This body language may cause reactions ranging from comfort to fear on others.
Some public speakers often impress their audience with their rich body languages.
无论是有意识还是无意识，我们都会用眼神、面部表情、形体动作和态度来表达我们的情感。这种身体语言可引起别人从舒适到害怕的各种反应。某些演说家常常借丰富的身体语言给听众以深刻印象。

● Phrases
a conscious insult	故意的侮辱	reactions to a joke	对玩笑的反应
a nuclear reaction	核反应	a poor speaker	演讲能力差的人
a thin audience	寥寥可数的观众	conscious activity	自觉的能动性
an attitude of hostility	敌对态度	a range operator	测距员，测距器
the range of mountains	山脉	the impress of bare feet	光脚的脚印

• 构词法
• 表示空间的“上、向上”，程度上“高于、过”的前缀（5）：over-
  overestimate 过高估计
  overcharge 索价过高
  oversleep 睡过时间

---

Passage 27

● New Words
persuasion	n. 说服，说服力
presentation	n. 介绍，陈述，表达
encounter	n. 遭遇，相遇 v. 遇到
introduction	n. 介绍，入门
spouse	n. 配偶（指夫或妻）
interview	v. 接见，会见，采访 n. 接见，访谈，面试
focus	v. 聚焦，注视 n. 中心，焦点，焦距

● Text
Karen is 35 and not married.
She is good at making persuasive presentations and has encountered many strangers on different occasions.
But she is still nervous when having to make self-introductions to her future spouse or to a job interviewer.
She can’t focus her topic on important things on those occasions.
卡伦35岁了，还是单身。她擅长于做有说服力的演讲，也在各种场合遇到过很多陌生人。但是，当她必须对未来的配偶或对她进行工作面试的人做自我介绍时，她仍然很紧张，不能把话题集中在重要的事情上。

● Phrases
to make an introduction	作介绍	to go for an interview	进行面试
an encounter of wits	一场斗智	in focus	焦点对准，清晰
a focus of attention	注意力的中心	persuasive arguments	服人的论据
to encounter obstacles	遭遇阻碍	to give a presentation	做讲座
to interview with sb	与某人面谈	an unfaithful spouse	不忠的配偶

• 近义词
  convince 说服，使相信正确性
  persuade 说服做某事
  advise 劝告做某事

---

Passage 28

● New Words
stride	v. 大步走，跨过 n. 步幅
physical	adj. 身体的，物质的，自然的
appearance	n. 出现，外貌，外观
gesture	n. 姿态，手势 v. 作手势，不等待
rate	n. 比率，速度，费用
pitch	n. 程度，斜度，定调
tone	n. 音调，语调，语气 v. 调和，配合

● Text
On the opening ceremony, our university presidentess strided onto the stage and impressed us with her good qualities.
What’s more, her physical appearance, gestures, speech rate, and pitch and tone of voice were very charming.
We were all deeply impressed.
在开学典礼上，我们大学的校长大步走上台，用她的优良素质给我们留下了深刻印象。除此之外，她的外表、手势、语速、音高和语调都十分有魅力，给我们留下了深刻的印象。

● Phrases
to stride a ditch	跨过沟	to stride over a fence	跨过栅栏
the angry tone	愤怒的语气	physical training	体育锻炼
an any rate	无论如何	a healthy appearance	健康的外表
exchange rates	货币兑换率	a high-pitch voice	高音
to make gestures	打手势	the physical environment	物质环境

• 构词法

• 表示空间、时间上“后、向后、在后”的前缀：

• post-
  postwar 战后
  postgraduate 研究生（的）

• re-
  retreat 后退
  return 返回

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Passage 29

(未完, 待更新)