Windows11下安装k8s

一、Docker下载

1、基于Docker Desktop安装即可

下载地址

2、开启

 ①、开启Hyper-V（Windows10比较容易,本文基于Windows11）

 ②、安装WSL2内核(Windows上运行Linux,支持Docker)

安装方法

3、直接点击下载的文件安装即可

配置镜像加速器，这里使用阿里云的

{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://pn1nqbsb.mirror.aliyuncs.com"
  ]
}

 界面修改 

二、安装k8s.

      K8s是一个架构良好的分布式系统的例子，它将集群中的所有机器都视为单个资源池的一部分。K8s与其他成熟的分布式系统一样，主要是由控制节点(master)、工作节点(node)构成，每个节点上都会安装不同的组件。

                                                                 k8s架构图

k8s组件介绍

K8S中的Master是集群控制节点，负责整个集群的管理和控制
ApiServer : 资源操作的唯一入口，接收用户输入的命令，提供认证、授权、API注册和发现等机制，其他模块通过API Server查询或修改数据，只有API Server才直接和etcd进行交互；
Scheduler : 负责集群资源调度，通过API Server的Watch接口监听新建Pod副本信息，按照预定的调度策略将Pod调度到相应的node节点上；
ControllerManager : K8S里所有资源对象的自动化控制中心，通过 api-server 提供的 restful 接口实时监控集群内每个资源对象的状态，发生故障时，导致资源对象的工作状态发生变化，就进行干预，尝试将资源对象从当前状态恢复为预期的工作状态，常见的 controller 有 Namespace Controller、Node Controller、Service Controller、ServiceAccount Controller、Token Controller、ResourceQuote Controller、Replication Controller等；
Etcd: 是Kubernetes的存储状态的数据库（所有master的持续状态都存在etcd的一个实例中）
Node: 是K8S集群中的工作负载节点，每个Node都会被Master分配一些工作负载，当某个Node宕机时，其上的工作负载会被Master自动转移到其他节点上
Kubelet: 负责维护容器的生命周期，即通过控制docker，控制Pod 的创建、启动、监控、重启、销毁等工作，处理Master节点下发到本节点的任务；
KubeProxy : 负责制定数据包的转发策略，并以守护进程的模式对各个节点的pod信息实时监控并更新转发规则，service收到请求后会根据kube-proxy制定好的策略来进行请求的转发，从而实现负载均衡，总的来说，负责为Service提供cluster内部的服务发现和负载均衡；
Docker : 负责节点上容器的各种操作；
其他组件
Pod： kubernetes的最小控制单元，容器都是运行在pod中的，一个pod中可以有1个或者多个容器
Controller： 控制器，通过它来实现对pod的管理，比如启动pod、停止pod、伸缩pod的数量等等
Service： pod对外服务的统一入口，下面可以维护者同一类的多个pod
Label： 标签，用于对pod进行分类，同一类pod会拥有相同的标签
NameSpace： 命名空间，用来隔离pod的运行环境

1、https://github.com/AliyunContainerService/k8s-for-docker-desktop

k8s-for-docker-desktop

有时候当我们使用Git获取资源，会报“OpenSSL SSL_read: Connection was reset, errno 10054”的错误，出现该错误是因为服务器的SSL证书没有经过第三方机构的签署，如下图所示：

  git config --global http.sslVerify "false"

 运行用管理员方式打开Windows PowerShell，cd 你的上面的安裝路径
 然后執行：

.\load_images.ps1

 勾选k8s.

kubectl查看版本信息：kubectl version 

2、安装dashboard面板,Dashboard实际就是一个网页版的管理工具，可以查看和管理K8S集群

切换到该目录下执行

kubectl.exe apply -f  .\kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

 yaml配置文件如下

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.5.1
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.7
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

然后，添加默认账号,授权登录基于Token登录

 kubectl apply -f kube-system-default.yaml

$TOKEN=((kubectl -n kube-system describe secret default | Select-String "token:") -split " +")[1]

kubectl config set-credentials docker-desktop --token="${TOKEN}"

echo $TOKEN

使用Token登录

启动服务

kubectl proxy

 http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#/login

查看日志

 

三、k8s命令

 1、kubectl 命令行管理工具

常用命令大全

# 查看集群状态信息 
kubectl cluster-info 

# 查看集群状态 
kubectl get cs 

# 查看集群节点信息 
kubectl get nodes 

# 查看集群命名空间 
kubectl get ns 

 kubectl --help

PS D:\> kubectl --help
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

 Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/

Basic Commands (Beginner):
  create          Create a resource from a file or from stdin
  expose          Take a replication controller, service, deployment or pod and expose it as a new Kubernetes service
  run             Run a particular image on the cluster
  set             Set specific features on objects

Basic Commands (Intermediate):
  explain         Get documentation for a resource
  get             Display one or many resources
  edit            Edit a resource on the server
  delete          Delete resources by file names, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector

Deploy Commands:
  rollout         Manage the rollout of a resource
  scale           Set a new size for a deployment, replica set, or replication controller
  autoscale       Auto-scale a deployment, replica set, stateful set, or replication controller

Cluster Management Commands:
  certificate     Modify certificate resources.
  cluster-info    Display cluster information
  top             Display resource (CPU/memory) usage
  cordon          Mark node as unschedulable
  uncordon        Mark node as schedulable
  drain           Drain node in preparation for maintenance
  taint           Update the taints on one or more nodes

Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
  describe        Show details of a specific resource or group of resources
  logs            Print the logs for a container in a pod
  attach          Attach to a running container
  exec            Execute a command in a container
  port-forward    Forward one or more local ports to a pod
  proxy           Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server
  cp              Copy files and directories to and from containers
  auth            Inspect authorization
  debug           Create debugging sessions for troubleshooting workloads and nodes

Advanced Commands:
  diff            Diff the live version against a would-be applied version
  apply           Apply a configuration to a resource by file name or stdin
  patch           Update fields of a resource
  replace         Replace a resource by file name or stdin
  wait            Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on one or many resources
  kustomize       Build a kustomization target from a directory or URL.

Settings Commands:
  label           Update the labels on a resource
  annotate        Update the annotations on a resource
  completion      Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash, zsh, fish, or powershell)

Other Commands:
  alpha           Commands for features in alpha
  api-resources   Print the supported API resources on the server
  api-versions    Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
  config          Modify kubeconfig files
  plugin          Provides utilities for interacting with plugins
  version         Print the client and server version information

Usage:
  kubectl [flags] [options]

Use "kubectl  --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

 kubectl logs - 打印 Pod 中容器的日志

 kubectl logs -f nginx-76d6c9b8c-gcv2z

# 从 pod 返回日志快照。 
kubectl logs 
 
# 从 pod  开始流式传输日志。这类似于 'tail -f' Linux 命令。 
kubectl logs -f 

进入容器

kubectl exec -it nginx-76d6c9b8c-gcv2z /bin/bash 

 创建命名空间

 kubectl create ns boot-dev

 kubectl get ns 

删除deployment

 Pod状态

kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard

 

四、部署应用

1、测试部署SpringBoot应用

环境准备:Kubenertes集群可用，docker环境、docker hub上创建了私有仓库,打包后推送至私有仓库.

SpringBoot打包部署到K8s示例

Kubernetes集群部署SpringBoot项目常见配置及常用处理方式

五、k8s-集群里的三种IP

1、Node IP：Node节点的IP地址，即物理网卡的IP地址。

可以是物理机的IP（也可能是虚拟机IP）。每个Service都会在Node节点上开通一个端口，外部可以通过NodeIP:NodePort即可访问Service里的Pod,和我们访问服务器部署的项目一样，IP:端口/项目名

在kubernetes查询Node IP
①、kubectl get nodes
②、kubectl describe node nodeName
③、显示出来的InternalIP就是NodeIP

 kubectl describe node dokcer-desktop

 2、Pod IP是每个Pod的IP地址，他是Docker Engine根据docker网桥的IP地址段进行分配的，通常是一个虚拟的二层网络。

同Service下的pod可以直接根据PodIP相互通信
不同Service下的pod在集群间pod通信要借助于 cluster ip
pod和集群外通信，要借助于node ip
在kubernetes查询Pod IP
①、kubectl get pods
②、kubectl describe pod podName

kubectl describe pod details-v1-76778d6644-44h6v

 kubectl describe pod productpage-v1-7c548b785b-pcdcq

3、Service的IP地址，此为虚拟IP地址。外部网络无法ping通，只有kubernetes集群内部访问使用

在kubernetes查询Cluster IP
kubectl -n 命名空间 get Service即可看到ClusterIP

  

 IP是service ip，Endpoints是Service关联的Pod ip,对比上图.

 Cluster IP是一个虚拟的IP，但更像是一个伪造的IP网络，原因有以下几点

Cluster IP仅仅作用于Kubernetes Service这个对象，并由Kubernetes管理和分配P地址
Cluster IP无法被ping，他没有一个“实体网络对象”来响应
Cluster IP只能结合Service Port组成一个具体的通信端口，单独的Cluster IP不具备通信的基础，并且他们属于Kubernetes集群这样一个封闭的空间。
在不同Service下的pod节点在集群间相互访问可以通过Cluster IP

service地址和pod地址在不同网段，service地址为虚拟地址，不配在pod上或主机上，外部访问时，先到Node节点网络，再转到service网络，最后代理给pod网络

Kubernetes在其所有节点上开放一个端口给外部访问（所有节点上都使用相同的端口号）， 并将传入的连接转发给作为Service服务对象的pod。这样我们的pod就可以被外部请求访问到.

参看这种Node Ip：Node port的暴露服务的方式