Netty组件-Handler和Pipeline

在netty中,可以使用pipeline和handler配合使用,对入栈数据和出栈数据进行链式的操作。就像大家理解的pipeline是管道、handler是工人,在管道上每个工人都坐着自己的工作。

netty中提供了很多handler,同时使用者也可以根据自己的需求,对handler进行实现,本章主要讲述handler的执行顺序和相关的注意点。

简单代码:

package com.test.netty.c4;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

@Slf4j
public class HandlerServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ServerBootstrap()
                .group(new NioEventLoopGroup(), new NioEventLoopGroup(2))
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                        //1、channel 拿到 pipeline
                        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                        //2、添加处理器 head->h1->h2->h3 tail 这两个 handler之间
                        pipeline.addLast("h1", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("1");
                                ByteBuf byteBuf = (ByteBuf) msg;
                                String str = byteBuf.toString(Charset.defaultCharset());
                                super.channelRead(ctx, str);
                            }
                        });
                        pipeline.addLast("h2", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("2");
                                String str = (String) msg;
                                super.channelRead(ctx, new Student(str));
                            }
                        });
                        pipeline.addLast("h6", new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("6");
                                super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
                            }
                        });
                        pipeline.addLast("h3", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("3,结果:{}, 类型:{}", msg, msg.getClass());
                                //交给下一个入站处理器,因为是最后一个,所以没有必要再次调用了,下面两个方法都可以
                                //super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
                                //ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
                                //ch writeAndFlush 是从当前处理器向后找出栈处理器
                                //ch.writeAndFlush(ctx.alloc().buffer().writeBytes("服务器".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
                                //ctx writeAndFlush 是从当前处理器向前找出栈处理器
                                ctx.writeAndFlush(ctx.alloc().buffer().writeBytes("hello".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
                            }
                        });
                        //出栈处理器,向channel写入数据,才回触发,并且是从后向前,也就是 h6->h5->h4
                        pipeline.addLast("h4", new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("4");
                                super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
                            }
                        });
                        pipeline.addLast("h5", new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("5");
                                super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }).bind(8080);
    }

    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    static class Student{
        String name;
    }
}

netty会先创建两个handler,一个是head,另一个是tail,也就是头和尾,所有的handler都是增加到这两个handler之间。在使用pipeline添加handler的时候,需要进行命名,这样可以更加方便的调用addBefore和addAfter,也就是更加灵活的调用handler之间的顺序,结构如下:

Netty组件-Handler和Pipeline_第1张图片

  • 入栈的时候,会从head向后调用每个InboundHandler,但是要注意调super.channelRead(ctx, msg);或者ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);继续执行
  • 出栈的时候,会从tail向前调用每个OutBoundHandler,但是要注意调用super.write(ctx, msg, promise);或者ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);继续执行
  • 想要执行OutBoundHandler,就需要channel执行write方法
  • socketChannel.writeAndFlush()  是从tail向前执行OutBoundHandlerNetty组件-Handler和Pipeline_第2张图片

  •  channelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush(),是从当前handler向前执行OutBoundHandlerNetty组件-Handler和Pipeline_第3张图片

EmbeddedChannel

是为了在不用编写服务器端代码,直接执行pipeline链的测试方法

示例如下:

package com.test.netty.c4;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

@Slf4j
public class TestEnbeddedChannel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter h1 = new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                log.debug("1");
                super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
            }
        };
        ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter h2 = new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                log.debug("2");
                super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
            }
        };
        ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter h3 = new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                log.debug("3");
                super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
            }
        };
        ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter h4 = new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                log.debug("4");
                super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
            }
        };
        //可以模拟入栈、出栈的执行
        EmbeddedChannel embeddedChannel = new EmbeddedChannel(h1, h2, h3, h4);
        embeddedChannel.writeInbound("小小子");
        embeddedChannel.writeOutbound("小妮子");

    }
}

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