排序题：冒泡排序，选择排序，插入排序，快速排序（二路，三路）能写出那些？

排序题：冒泡排序，选择排序，插入排序，快速排序（二路，三路）能写出那些？

这里简单的说下几种快速排序的不同之处，随机快排，是为了解决在近似有序的情况下，时间复杂度会退化为O(n^{2),双路快排是为了解决快速排序在大量数据重复的情况下，时间复杂度会退化为O(n}2)，三路快排是在大量数据重复的情况下，对双路快排的一种优化。
冒泡排序

extension Array where Element : Comparable{
    public mutating func bubbleSort() {
        let count = self.count
        for i in 0.. self[j + 1] {
                    (self[j], self[j + 1]) = (self[j + 1], self[j])
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

选择排序

extension Array where Element : Comparable{
    public mutating func selectionSort() {
        let count = self.count
        for i in 0..

插入排序

extension Array where Element : Comparable{
    public mutating func insertionSort() {
        let count = self.count
        guard count > 1 else { return }
        for i in 1..= 0 && currentValue < self[preIndex] {
                self[preIndex + 1] = self[preIndex]
                preIndex -= 1
            }
            self[preIndex + 1] = currentValue
        }
    }
}

快速排序

extension Array where Element : Comparable{
    public mutating func quickSort() {
        func quickSort(left:Int, right:Int) {
            guard left < right else { return }
            var i = left + 1,j = left
            let key = self[left]
            while i <= right {
                if self[i] < key {
                    j += 1
                    (self[i], self[j]) = (self[j], self[i])
                }
                i += 1
            }
            (self[left], self[j]) = (self[j], self[left])
            quickSort(left: j + 1, right: right)
            quickSort(left: left, right: j - 1)
        }
        quickSort(left: 0, right: self.count - 1)
    }
}

随机快排

extension Array where Element : Comparable{
    public mutating func quickSort1() {
        func quickSort(left:Int, right:Int) {
            guard left < right else { return }
            let randomIndex = Int.random(in: left...right)
            (self[left], self[randomIndex]) = (self[randomIndex], self[left])
            var i = left + 1,j = left
            let key = self[left]
            while i <= right {
                if self[i] < key {
                    j += 1
                    (self[i], self[j]) = (self[j], self[i])
                }
                i += 1
            }
            (self[left], self[j]) = (self[j], self[left])
            quickSort(left: j + 1, right: right)
            quickSort(left: left, right: j - 1)
        }
        quickSort(left: 0, right: self.count - 1)
    }
}

双路快排

extension Array where Element : Comparable{
    public mutating func quickSort2() {
        func quickSort(left:Int, right:Int) {
            guard left < right else { return }
            let randomIndex = Int.random(in: left...right)
            (self[left], self[randomIndex]) = (self[randomIndex], self[left])
            var l = left + 1, r = right
            let key = self[left]
            while true {
                while l <= r && self[l] < key {
                    l += 1
                }
                while l < r && key < self[r]{
                    r -= 1
                }
                if l > r { break }
                (self[l], self[r]) = (self[r], self[l])
                l += 1
                r -= 1
            }
            (self[r], self[left]) = (self[left], self[r])
            quickSort(left: r + 1, right: right)
            quickSort(left: left, right: r - 1)
        }
        quickSort(left: 0, right: self.count - 1)
    }
}

三路快排

// 三路快排
extension Array where Element : Comparable{
    public mutating func quickSort3() {
        func quickSort(left:Int, right:Int) {
            guard left < right else { return }
            let randomIndex = Int.random(in: left...right)
            (self[left], self[randomIndex]) = (self[randomIndex], self[left])
            var lt = left, gt = right
            var i = left + 1
            let key = self[left]
            while i <= gt {
                if self[i] == key {
                    i += 1
                }else if self[i] < key{
                    (self[i], self[lt + 1]) = (self[lt + 1], self[i])
                    lt += 1
                    i += 1
                }else {
                    (self[i], self[gt]) = (self[gt], self[i])
                    gt -= 1
                }
                
            }
            (self[left], self[lt]) = (self[lt], self[left])
            quickSort(left: gt + 1, right: right)
            quickSort(left: left, right: lt - 1)
        }
        quickSort(left: 0, right: self.count - 1)
    }
}

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