Linux运维学习:中级进阶(6)——shell脚本进阶(30个经典案例)

30个经典案例(上)

对于初学者而言,因为没有实战经验,写不出来Shell脚本很正常,如果工作了几年的运维老年还是写不出来,那就是没主动找需求,缺乏练习,缺乏经验。针对以上问题,总结了30个生产环境中经典的Shell脚本,通过这些需求案例,希望能帮助大家提升Shell编写思路,掌握编写技巧。

编写Shell过程中注意事项

开头加解释器:#!/bin/bash
语法缩进,使用四个空格;多加注释说明。
命名建议规则:变量名大写、局部变量小写,函数名小写,名字体现出实际作用。
默认变量是全局的,在函数中变量local指定为局部变量,避免污染其他作用域。
有两个命令能帮助我调试脚本:set -e 遇到执行非0时退出脚本,set-x 打印执行过程。
写脚本一定先测试再到生产上。

1.获取随机字符串或数字

获取随机8位字符串

方法1:

# echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8
471b94f2

方法2:

# openssl rand -base64 4
vg3BEg==

方法3:

# cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8
ed9e032c

获取随机8位数字

方法1:

# echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8
23648321

方法2:

# openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8
38571131

方法3:

# date +%N |cut -c 1-8
69024815

cksum:打印CRC效验和统计字节

2.定义一个颜色输出字符串函数

方法1:

function echo_color() {
    if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
        echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m"
    elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
        echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m"
    fi
}

方法2:

function echo_color() {
    case $1 in
        green)
            echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
            ;;
        red)
            echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m" 
            ;;
        *) 
            echo "Example: echo_color red string"
    esac
}

使用方法:echo_color green “test”
function关键字定义一个函数,可加或不加。

3.批量创建用户

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%T)
USER_FILE=user.txt
echo_color(){
    if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
        echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
    elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
        echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"
    fi
}
# 如果用户文件存在并且大小大于0就备份
if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then
    mv $USER_FILE ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak
    echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak"
fi
echo -e "User	Password" >> $USER_FILE
echo "----------------" >> $USER_FILE
for USER in user{1..10}; do
    if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then
        PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)
        useradd $USER
        echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null
        echo -e "$USER	$PASS" >> $USER_FILE
        echo "$USER User create successful."
    else
        echo_color red "$USER User already exists!"
    fi
done

4.检查软件包是否安装

#!/bin/bash
if rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then
    echo "sysstat is already installed."
else
    echo "sysstat is not installed!"
fi

5.检查服务状态

#!/bin/bash
PORT_C=$(ss -anu |grep -c 123)
PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep ntpd |grep -vc grep)
if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "内容" | mail -s "主题" [email protected]
fi

6.检查主机存活状态

方法1:将错误IP放到数组里面判断是否ping失败三次

#!/bin/bash  
IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    NUM=1
    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
        if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then
            echo "$IP Ping is successful."
            break
        else
            # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM"
            FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP
            let NUM++
        fi
    done
    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then
        echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"
        unset FAIL_COUNT[*]
    fi
done

方法2:将错误次数放到FAIL_COUNT变量里面判断是否ping失败三次

#!/bin/bash  
IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    FAIL_COUNT=0
    for ((i=1;i< =3;i++)); do
        if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
            echo "$IP Ping is successful."
            break
        else
            # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i"
            let FAIL_COUNT++
        fi
    done
    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
        echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
    fi
done

方法3:利用for循环将ping通就跳出循环继续,如果不跳出就会走到打印ping失败

#!/bin/bash
ping_success_status() {
    if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
        echo "$IP Ping is successful."
        continue
    fi
}
IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    ping_success_status
    ping_success_status
    ping_success_status
    echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
done

7.监控CPU、内存和硬盘利用率

1)CPU

借助vmstat工具来分析CPU统计信息。

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  # 只支持CentOS6
MAIL="[email protected]"
if ! which vmstat &>/dev/null; then
    echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package." 
    exit 1
fi
US=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $13} )
SY=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $14} )
IDLE=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $15} )
WAIT=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $16} )
USE=$(($US+$SY))
if [ $USE -ge 50 ]; then
    echo "
    Date: $DATE
    Host: $IP
    Problem: CPU utilization $USE
    " | mail -s "CPU Monitor" $MAIL
fi

2)内存

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  
MAIL="[email protected]"
TOTAL=$(free -m |awk  /Mem/{print $2} )
USE=$(free -m |awk  /Mem/{print $3-$6-$7} )
FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE))
# 内存小于1G发送报警邮件
if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then
    echo "
    Date: $DATE
    Host: $IP
    Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE
    " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL
fi

3)硬盘

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  
MAIL="[email protected]"
TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F [: ]+   BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk /dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3} )
PART_USE=$(df -h |awk  BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6} )
for i in $PART_USE; do
    PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)
    USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2)
    MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)
    if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then
        echo "
        Date: $DATE
        Host: $IP
        Total: $TOTAL
        Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)
        " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL
    fi
done

8.批量主机磁盘利用率监控

前提监控端和被监控端SSH免交互登录或者密钥登录。
写一个配置文件保存被监控主机SSH连接信息,文件内容格式:IP User Port

#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info
for IP in $(awk  /^[^#]/{print $1}  $HOST_INFO); do
    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP  ip==$1{print $2}  $HOST_INFO)
    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP  ip==$1{print $3}  $HOST_INFO)
    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP  df -h  > $TMP_FILE
    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk  BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5)}  $TMP_FILE)
    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
        PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
        USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
        if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
        fi
    done
done

9.检查网站可用性

1)检查URL可用性

方法1:

check_url() {
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
        echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
    fi
}

方法2:

check_url() {
if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then  
#-T超时时间,--tries尝试1次,--spider爬虫模式
        echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
    fi
}

使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com

2)判断三次URL可用性

思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。
方法1:利用循环技巧,如果成功就跳出当前循环,否则执行到最后一行

#!/bin/bash  
check_url() {
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
        continue
    fi
}
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    check_url $URL
    check_url $URL
    check_url $URL
    echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
done

方法2:错误次数保存到变量

#!/bin/bash  
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    FAIL_COUNT=0
    for ((i=1;i< =3;i++)); do
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
            let FAIL_COUNT++
        else
            break
        fi
    done
    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
    fi
done

方法3:错误次数保存到数组

#!/bin/bash  
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    NUM=1
    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
            FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP  #创建数组,以$NUM下标,$IP元素
            let NUM++
        else
            break
        fi
    done
    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then
        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
        unset FAIL_COUNT[*]    #清空数组
    fi
done

10.检查MySQL主从同步状态

#!/bin/bash  
USER=bak
PASSWD=123456
IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e  show slave statusG  |awk -F:  /Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0} )  #gsub去除冒号后面的空格
for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
    THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
    THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
    if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
        echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!"
    fi
done

转自 https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxprobe/p/11478692.html

30个经典案例(中)

目录

11、iptables自动屏蔽访问网站频繁的IP
12、判断用户输入的是否为IP地址
13、判断用户输入的是否为数字
14、给定目录找出包含关键字的文件
15、监控目录,将新创建的文件名追加到日志中
16、给用户提供多个网卡选择
17、查看网卡实时流量
18、MySQL数据库备份
19、Nginx服务管理脚本

11.iptables自动屏蔽访问网站频繁的IP

场景:恶意访问,安全防范。

1)屏蔽每分钟访问超过200的IP

方法1:根据访问日志(Nginx为例)

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 access.log |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
#先tail防止文件过大,读取慢,数字可调整每分钟最大的访问量。awk不能直接过滤日志,因为包含特殊字符。
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
    if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
        iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
    fi
done

方法2:通过TCP建立的连接

#!/bin/bash
ABNORMAL_IP=$(netstat -an |awk '$4~/:80$/ && $6~/ESTABLISHED/{gsub(/:[0-9]+/,"",$5);{a[$5]++}}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
#gsub是将第五列(客户端IP)的冒号和端口去掉
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
    if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
        iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
    fi
done

2)屏蔽每分钟SSH尝试登录超过10次的IP

方法1:通过lastb获取登录状态

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +"%a %b %e %H:%M") #星期月天时分  %e单数字时显示7,而%d显示07
ABNORMAL_IP=$(lastb |grep "$DATE" |awk '{a[$3]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
    if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
        iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
    fi
done

方法2:通过日志获取登录状态

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +"%b %d %H")
ABNORMAL_IP="$(tail -n10000 /var/log/auth.log |grep "$DATE" |awk '/Failed/{a[$(NF-3)]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>5)print i}')"
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
    if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
        iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
        echo "$(date +"%F %T") - iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP" >>~/ssh-login-limit.log
    fi
done

12.判断用户输入的是否为IP地址

方法1:

#!/bin/bash
function check_ip(){
    IP=$1
    VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1< =255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
    if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$">/dev/null; then
        if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
            echo "$IP available."
        else
            echo "$IP not available!"
        fi
    else
        echo "Format error!"
    fi
}
check_ip 192.168.1.1
check_ip 256.1.1.1

方法2:

#!/bin/bash
function check_ip(){
    IP=$1
    if [[ $IP =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]; then
        FIELD1=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f1)
        FIELD2=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f2)
        FIELD3=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f3)
        FIELD4=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f4)
        if [ $FIELD1 -le 255 -a $FIELD2 -le 255 -a $FIELD3 -le 255 -a $FIELD4 -le 255 ]; then
            echo "$IP available."
        else
            echo "$IP not available!"
        fi
    else
        echo "Format error!"
    fi
}
check_ip 192.168.1.1
check_ip 256.1.1.1

增加版:
加个死循环,如果IP可用就退出,不可用提示继续输入,并使用awk判断。

#!/bin/bash
function check_ip(){
    local IP=$1
    VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1< =255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')
    if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$" >/dev/null; then
        if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then
            return 0
        else
            echo "$IP not available!"
            return 1
        fi
    else
        echo "Format error! Please input again."
        return 1
    fi
}
while true; do
    read -p "Please enter IP: " IP
    check_ip $IP
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && break || continue
done

13.判断用户输入的是否为数字

方法1:

#!/bin/bash
if [[ $1 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
    echo "Is Number."
else
    echo "No Number."
fi

方法2:

#!/bin/bash
if [ $1 -gt 0 ] 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "Is Number."
else
    echo "No Number."
fi

方法3:

#!/bin/bash
echo $1 |awk '{print $0~/^[0-9]+$/?"Is Number.":"No Number."}'  #三目运算符
12.14 找出包含关键字的文件
DIR=$1
KEY=$2
for FILE in $(find $DIR -type f); do
    if grep $KEY $FILE &>/dev/null; then
        echo "--> $FILE"
    fi
done

14.给定目录找出包含关键字的文件

#!/bin/bash
DIR=$1
KEY=$2
for FILE in $(find $DIR -type f); do
    if grep $KEY $FILE &>/dev/null; then
        echo "--> $FILE"
    fi
done

15.监控目录,将新创建的文件名追加到日志中

场景:记录目录下文件操作。
需先安装inotify-tools软件包。

#!/bin/bash
MON_DIR=/opt
inotifywait -mq --format %f -e create $MON_DIR |\
while read files; do
  echo $files >> test.log
done

16.给用户提供多个网卡选择

场景:服务器多个网卡时,获取指定网卡,例如网卡流量。

#!/bin/bash
function local_nic() {
    local NUM ARRAY_LENGTH
    NUM=0
    for NIC_NAME in $(ls /sys/class/net|grep -vE "lo|docker0"); do
        NIC_IP=$(ifconfig $NIC_NAME |awk -F'[: ]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}')
        if [ -n "$NIC_IP" ]; then
            NIC_IP_ARRAY[$NUM]="$NIC_NAME:$NIC_IP"    #将网卡名和对应IP放到数组
            let NUM++
        fi
    done
    ARRAY_LENGTH=${#NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}
    if [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 1 ]; then     #如果数组里面只有一条记录说明就一个网卡
        NIC=${NIC_IP_ARRAY[0]%:*}
        return 0
    elif [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 0 ]; then   #如果没有记录说明没有网卡
        echo "No available network card!"
        exit 1
    else
        #如果有多条记录则提醒输入选择
        for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}; do
            echo $NIC
        done
        while true; do
            read -p "Please enter local use to network card name: " INPUT_NIC_NAME
            COUNT=0
            for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[*]}; do
                NIC_NAME=${NIC%:*}
                if [ $NIC_NAME == "$INPUT_NIC_NAME" ]; then
                    NIC=${NIC_IP_ARRAY[$COUNT]%:*}
                    return 0
                else
                   COUNT+=1
                fi
            done
            echo "Not match! Please input again."
        done
    fi
}
local_nic

17.查看网卡实时流量

适用于CentOS6操作系统。

#!/bin/bash
# Description: Only CentOS6
traffic_unit_conv() {
    local traffic=$1
    if [ $traffic -gt 1024000 ]; then
        printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024/1024))" "MB/s"
    elif [ $traffic -lt 1024000 ]; then
        printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024))" "KB/s"
    fi
}
NIC=$1
echo -e " In ------ Out"
while true; do
    OLD_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $3}' /proc/net/dev)
    OLD_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $11}' /proc/net/dev)
    sleep 1
    NEW_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $3}' /proc/net/dev)
    NEW_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $11}' /proc/net/dev)
    IN=$(($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN))
    OUT=$(($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT))
    echo "$(traffic_unit_conv $IN) $(traffic_unit_conv $OUT)"
    sleep 1
done
使用:./traffic.sh eth0

18.MySQL数据库备份

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=192.168.1.120
DB=test
USER=bak
PASS=123456
MAIL="[email protected] [email protected]"
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
SQL_FILE=${DB}_full_$DATE.sql
BAK_FILE=${DB}_full_$DATE.zip
cd $BACKUP_DIR
if mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS --single-transaction --routines --triggers -B $DB > $SQL_FILE; then
    zip $BAK_FILE $SQL_FILE && rm -f $SQL_FILE
    if [ ! -s $BAK_FILE ]; then
            echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL
    fi
else
    echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL
fi
find $BACKUP_DIR -name '*.zip' -ctime +14 -exec rm {} \;

19.Nginx服务管理脚本

场景:使用源码包安装Nginx不含带服务管理脚本,也就是不能使用"service nginx start"或"/etc/init.d/nginx start",所以写了以下的服务管理脚本。

#!/bin/bash
# Description: Only support RedHat system
. /etc/init.d/functions
WORD_DIR=/usr/local/nginx
DAEMON=$WORD_DIR/sbin/nginx
CONF=$WORD_DIR/conf/nginx.conf
NAME=nginx
PID=$(awk -F'[; ]+' '/^[^#]/{if($0~/pid;/)print $2}' $CONF)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
    PID=$WORD_DIR/logs/nginx.pid
else
    PID=$WORD_DIR/$PID
fi
stop() {
    $DAEMON -s stop
    sleep 1
    [ ! -f $PID ] && action "* Stopping $NAME"  /bin/true || action "* Stopping $NAME" /bin/false
}
start() {
    $DAEMON
    sleep 1
    [ -f $PID ] && action "* Starting $NAME"  /bin/true || action "* Starting $NAME" /bin/false
}
reload() {
    $DAEMON -s reload
}
test_config() {
    $DAEMON -t
}
case "$1" in
    start)
        if [ ! -f $PID ]; then
            start
        else
            echo "$NAME is running..."
            exit 0
        fi
        ;;
    stop)
        if [ -f $PID ]; then
            stop
        else
            echo "$NAME not running!"
            exit 0
        fi
        ;;
    restart)
        if [ ! -f $PID ]; then
            echo "$NAME not running!" 
            start
        else
            stop
            start
        fi
        ;;
    reload)
        reload
        ;;
    testconfig)
        test_config
        ;;
    status)
        [ -f $PID ] && echo "$NAME is running..." || echo "$NAME not running!"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|testconfig|status}"
        exit 3
        ;;
esac
https://article.pchome.net/content-2100027.html
http://www.51cto.com/it/news/2019/0909/14338.html
https://www.linuxprobe.com/books

20.用户根据菜单选择要连接的Linux主机

Linux主机SSH连接信息:

# cat host.txt
Web 192.168.1.10 root 22
DB 192.168.1.11 root 22
内容格式:主机名 IP User Port
#!/bin/bash
PS3="Please input number: "
HOST_FILE=host.txt
while true; do
    select NAME in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_FILE) quit; do
        [ ${NAME:=empty} == "quit" ] && exit 0
        IP=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $2}' $HOST_FILE)
        USER=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $3}' $HOST_FILE)
        PORT=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $4}' $HOST_FILE)
        if [ $IP ]; then
            echo "Name: $NAME, IP: $IP"
            ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p $PORT -i id_rsa $USER@$IP  # 密钥免交互登录
            break
        else
            echo "Input error, Please enter again!"
            break
        fi
    done
done

转自 https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxprobe/p/11503786.html

30个经典案例(下)

目录

21、从FTP服务器下载文件
22、连续输入5个100以内的数字,统计和、最小和最大
23、将结果分别赋值给变量
24、批量修改文件名
25、统计当前目录中以.html结尾的文件总大
26、扫描主机端口状态
27、Expect实现SSH免交互执行命令
28、批量修改服务器用户密码
29、打印乘法口诀
30、getopts工具完善脚本命令行参数

21.从FTP服务器下载文件

#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 filename"
fi
dir=$(dirname $1)
file=$(basename $1)
ftp -n -v << EOF   # -n 自动登录
open 192.168.1.10  # ftp服务器
user admin password
binary   # 设置ftp传输模式为二进制,避免MD5值不同或.tar.gz压缩包格式错误
cd $dir
get "$file"
EOF

22.连续输入5个100以内的数字,统计和、最小和最大

#!/bin/bash
COUNT=1
SUM=0
MIN=0
MAX=100
while [ $COUNT -le 5 ]; do
    read -p "请输入1-10个整数:" INT
    if [[ ! $INT =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
        echo "输入必须是整数!"
        exit 1
    elif [[ $INT -gt 100 ]]; then
        echo "输入必须是100以内!"
        exit 1
    fi
    SUM=$(($SUM+$INT))
    [ $MIN -lt $INT ] && MIN=$INT
    [ $MAX -gt $INT ] && MAX=$INT
    let COUNT++
done
echo "SUM: $SUM"
echo "MIN: $MIN"
echo "MAX: $MAX"

23.将结果分别赋值给变量

应用场景:希望将执行结果或者位置参数赋值给变量,以便后续使用。
方法1:

for i in $(echo "4 5 6"); do
   eval a$i=$i
done
echo $a4 $a5 $a6

方法2:将位置参数192.168.1.1{1,2}拆分为到每个变量

num=0
for i in $(eval echo $*);do   #eval将{1,2}分解为1 2
   let num+=1
   eval node${num}="$i"
done
echo $node1 $node2 $node3
# bash a.sh 192.168.1.1{1,2}
192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12

方法3:

arr=(4 5 6)
INDEX1=$(echo ${arr[0]})
INDEX2=$(echo ${arr[1]})
INDEX3=$(echo ${arr[2]})

24.批量修改文件名

示例:

# touch article_{1..3}.html
# ls
article_1.html  article_2.html  article_3.html

目的:把article改为bbs
方法1:

for file in $(ls *html); do
    mv $file bbs_${file#*_}
    # mv $file $(echo $file |sed -r 's/.*(_.*)/bbs\1/')
    # mv $file $(echo $file |echo bbs_$(cut -d_ -f2)
done

方法2:

for file in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*html"); do
     mv $file bbs_${file#*_}
done

方法3:

# rename article bbs *.html

25.统计当前目录中以.html结尾的文件总大

方法1:

# find . -name "*.html" -exec du -k {} \; |awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum}'

方法2:

for size in $(ls -l *.html |awk '{print $5}'); do
    sum=$(($sum+$size))
done
echo $sum

26.扫描主机端口状态

#!/bin/bash
HOST=$1
PORT="22 25 80 8080"
for PORT in $PORT; do
    if echo &>/dev/null > /dev/tcp/$HOST/$PORT; then
        echo "$PORT open"
    else
        echo "$PORT close"
    fi
done

27.Expect实现SSH免交互执行命令

Expect是一个自动交互式应用程序的工具,如telnet,ftp,passwd等。
需先安装expect软件包。

方法1:EOF标准输出作为expect标准输入

#!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect << EOF
set timeout 30
spawn ssh $USER@$IP   
expect {
    "(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
    "password:" {send "$PASS\r"}
}
expect "$USER@*"  {send "$1\r"}
expect "$USER@*"  {send "exit\r"}
expect eof
EOF

方法2:

#!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect -c "
    spawn ssh $USER@$IP
    expect {
        \"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue}
        \"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\"; exp_continue}
        \"$USER@*\" {send \"df -h\r exit\r\"; exp_continue}
    }"

方法3:将expect脚本独立出来
登录脚本:

# cat login.exp
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd [lindex $argv 2]
set cmd [lindex $argv 3]
if { $argc != 4 } {
puts "Usage: expect login.exp ip user passwd"
exit 1
}
set timeout 30
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
    "(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
    "password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "$user@*"  {send "$cmd\r"}
expect "$user@*"  {send "exit\r"}
expect eof

执行命令脚本:写个循环可以批量操作多台服务器

#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=user_info.txt
for ip in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_INFO)
do
    user=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
    pass=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
    expect login.exp $ip $user $pass $1
done

Linux主机SSH连接信息:

# cat user_info.txt
192.168.1.120 root 123456

28.批量修改服务器用户密码

Linux主机SSH连接信息:旧密码

# cat old_pass.txt 
192.168.18.217  root    123456     22
192.168.18.218  root    123456     22

内容格式:IP User Password Port

SSH远程修改密码脚本:新密码随机生成
https://www.linuxprobe.com/books

#!/bin/bash
OLD_INFO=old_pass.txt
NEW_INFO=new_pass.txt
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $OLD_INFO); do
    USER=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $2}' $OLD_INFO)
    PASS=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $3}' $OLD_INFO)
    PORT=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $4}' $OLD_INFO)
    NEW_PASS=$(mkpasswd -l 8)  # 随机密码
    echo "$IP   $USER   $NEW_PASS   $PORT" >> $NEW_INFO
    expect -c "
    spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$IP
    set timeout 2
    expect {
        \"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\";exp_continue}
        \"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\";exp_continue}
        \"$USER@*\" {send \"echo \'$NEW_PASS\' |passwd --stdin $USER\r exit\r\";exp_continue}
    }"
done

生成新密码文件:

# cat new_pass.txt 
192.168.18.217  root    n8wX3mU%      22
192.168.18.218  root    c87;ZnnL      22

29.打印乘法口诀

方法1:

# awk 'BEGIN{for(n=0;n++<9;){for(i=0;i++

方法2:

for ((i=1;i<=9;i++)); do
   for ((j=1;j<=i;j++)); do
     result=$(($i*$j))
     echo -n "$j*$i=$result "
   done
   echo
done

30.getopts工具完善脚本命令行参数

getopts是一个解析脚本选项参数的工具。

命令格式:getopts optstring name [arg]

初次使用你要注意这几点:

  • 脚本位置参数会与optstring中的单个字母逐个匹配,如果匹配到就赋值给name,否则赋值name为问号;
  • optstring中单个字母是一个选项,如果字母后面加冒号,表示该选项后面带参数,参数值并会赋值给OPTARG变量;
  • optstring中第一个是冒号,表示屏蔽系统错误(test.sh: illegal option – h);
  • 允许把选项放一起,例如-ab

下面写一个打印文件指定行的简单例子,引导思路:

#!/bin/bash
while getopts :f:n: option; do
    case $option in
        f)
            FILE=$OPTARG
      [ ! -f $FILE ] && echo "$FILE File not exist!" && exit
            ;;
        n)
            sed -n "${OPTARG}p" $FILE
            ;;
        ?)
            echo "Usage: $0 -f  -n "
            echo "-f, --file           specified file"
            echo "-n, --line-number    print specified line"
            exit 1
        ;;
    esac
done

转自 https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxprobe/p/11518761.html

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