MyBatis 动态SQL之＜where＞标签-

简介

where 标签主要用来简化 SQL 语句中的条件判断，可以自动处理 AND/OR 条件。
在if标签和choose-when-otherwise标签的案例中，SQL语句加入了一个条件’1=1’，它既保证了where后面的条件成，页避免了where后面出现的第一个词语是and 或者or之类的关键字。
假设把条件‘1=1’去掉，可以出现以下语句

select * from t_customer where and username like concat('%','#{username}','%')

上面语句因为出现了where后直接是and，在sql运行时会报语法错误。
这个时候可以使用where标签处理

语法

<where>
    <if test="判断条件">
        AND/OR ...
    if>
where>

if 语句中判断条件为 true 时，where 关键字才会加入到组装的 SQL 里面，否则就不加入。where 会检索语句，它会将 where 后的第一个 SQL 条件语句的 AND 或者 OR 关键词去掉。

网络案例

<select id="selectWebsite" resultType="net.biancheng.po.Website">
    select id,name,url from website
    <where>
        <if test="name != null">
            AND name like #{name}
        if>
        <if test="url!= null">
            AND url like #{url}
        if>
    where>
select>

where标签-完整案例

1.数据库准备

# 创建一个名称为t_customer的表
CREATE TABLE t_customer (
    id int(32) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    username varchar(50),
    jobs varchar(50),
    phone varchar(16)
);
# 插入3条数据
INSERT INTO t_customer VALUES ('1', 'joy', 'teacher', '13733333333');
INSERT INTO t_customer VALUES ('2', 'jack', 'teacher', '13522222222');
INSERT INTO t_customer VALUES ('3', 'tom', 'worker', '15111111111');

2.新建项目或Module

3 pom.xml中添加

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
        <groupId>com.examplegroupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
    parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.biemgroupId>
    <artifactId>dynamaicSqlartifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8maven.compiler.target>
    properties>

    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
            <artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
            <version>3.4.6version>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junitgroupId>
            <artifactId>junitartifactId>
            <version>4.12version>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysqlgroupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
            <version>8.0.18version>
            <scope>runtimescope>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4jgroupId>
            <artifactId>log4jartifactId>
            <version>1.2.17version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
            <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
            <version>1.18.16version>
        dependency>
    dependencies>
project>

4.创建package和文件夹

src/main/java/下创建package
com.biem.pojo
com.biem.mapper
com.biem.util
src/main/resources/下创建文件夹
com/biem/mapper
src/test/java下创建package
com.biem.test

5 框架配置文件

5.1 mybatis核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml

DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties">properties>

    
    <settings>
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
    settings>

    
    <typeAliases>
        
        <package name="com.biem.pojo"/>
    typeAliases>

    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            dataSource>
        environment>

    environments>

    
    <mappers>
        
        <package name="com.biem.mapper"/>
    mappers>


configuration>

5.2 mybatis属性文件jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

5.3 log4j.xml文件

DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">

<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">

    <appender name="STDOUT" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
        <param name="Encoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
            <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-5p %d{MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %m (%F:%L) \n"/>
        layout>
    appender>
    <logger name="java.sql">
        <level value="debug"/>
    logger>
    <logger name="org.apache.ibatis">
        <level value="info"/>
    logger>
    <root>
        <level value="debug"/>
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
    root>
log4j:configuration>

6 用户配置文件

6.1 实体类

package com.biem.pojo;

import lombok.*;

/**
 * ClassName: Customer
 * Package: com.biem.pojo
 * Description:
 *
 * @Create 2023/4/5 22:17
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
@ToString
public class Customer {
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String jobs;
    private String phone;
}

需要在pom.xml中引入lombok，简化原来的实体类的代码

6.2 mybatis接口类

package com.biem.mapper;

/**
 * ClassName: CustomerMapper
 * Package: com.biem.mapper
 * Description:
 *
 * @Create 2023/4/5 22:19
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public interface CustomerMapper {
}

6.3 mybatis用户配置文件

DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.biem.mapper.CustomerMapper">
    

    

mapper>

6.4 mybatis工具类

package com.biem.util;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * ClassName: MybatisUtil
 * Package: com.biem.utils
 * Description:
 *
 * @Create 2023/4/5 22:23
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class MybatisUtil {
    //利用static(静态)属于类不属于对象,且全局唯一
    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
    //利用静态块在初始化类时实例化sqlSessionFactory
    static {
        InputStream is= null;
        try {
            is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * openSession 创建一个新的SqlSession对象
     * @return SqlSession对象
     */
    public static SqlSession openSession(boolean autoCommit){
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession(autoCommit);
    }

    public static SqlSession openSession(){
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }
    /**
     * 释放一个有效的SqlSession对象
     * @param session 准备释放SqlSession对象
     */
    public static void closeSession(SqlSession session){
        if(session != null){
            session.close();
        }
    }
}

项目结构如下

7 标签功能测试

if 语句中判断条件为 true 时，where 关键字才会加入到组装的 SQL 里面，否则就不加入。where 会检索语句，它会将 where 后的第一个 SQL 条件语句的 AND 或者 OR 关键词去掉。

7.1 com.biem.mapper.CustomerMapper.class中添加

    public List<Customer> findCustomerByIf(Customer customer);

    public List<Customer> findCustomerByWhere(Customer customer);

7.2 com/biem/mapper/CustomerMapper.xml中添加

    <select id="findCustomerByIf" parameterType="customer" resultType="customer">
        select * from t_customer where
        <if test="username !=null and username != ''">
            and username like concat('%', #{username}, '%')
        if>
        <if test="jobs !=null and jobs != ''">
            and jobs=#{jobs}
        if>
    select>

    
    <select id="findCustomerByWhere" parameterType="customer" resultType="customer">
        select * from t_customer
        <where>
            <if test="username !=null and username != ''">
                and username like concat('%', #{username}, '%')
            if>
            <if test="jobs !=null and jobs != ''">
                and jobs=#{jobs}
            if>
        where>

8 功能测试

在src/test/java中创建类com.biem.test.TestCustomer.java，内容如下

package com.biem.test;

import com.biem.mapper.CustomerMapper;
import com.biem.pojo.Customer;
import com.biem.util.MybatisUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * ClassName: TestCustomer
 * Package: com.biem.test
 * Description:
 *
 * @Create 2023/4/5 22:32
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class TestCustomer {


    @Test
    public void testFindCustomerByIf(){
        // 通过工具类获取SqlSession对象
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.openSession();
        // 创建Customer对象，封装需要组合查询的条件
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setJobs("teacher");

        CustomerMapper mapper = session.getMapper(CustomerMapper.class);
        List<Customer> customers = mapper.findCustomerByIf(customer);

        System.out.println("customers = " + customers);

        // 关闭SqlSession
        session.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindCustomerByWhere(){
        // 通过工具类获取SqlSession对象
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.openSession();
        // 创建Customer对象，封装需要组合查询的条件
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setJobs("teacher");

        CustomerMapper mapper = session.getMapper(CustomerMapper.class);
        List<Customer> customers = mapper.findCustomerByWhere(customer);

        System.out.println("customers = " + customers);

        // 关闭SqlSession
        session.close();
    }

}

结果分析：testFindCustomerByIf在username为null的时候会因为语法错误报错

com.biem.test.TestCustomer,testFindCustomerByIf
DEBUG 04-06 09:56:24,100 ==>  Preparing: select * from t_customer where and jobs=?  (BaseJdbcLogger.java:159) 
DEBUG 04-06 09:56:24,152 ==> Parameters: teacher(String) (BaseJdbcLogger.java:159) 

org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error querying database.  Cause: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'and jobs='teacher'' at line 4
### The error may exist in com/biem/mapper/CustomerMapper.xml
### The error may involve com.biem.mapper.CustomerMapper.findCustomerByIf-Inline
### The error occurred while setting parameters
### SQL: select * from t_customer where                                 and jobs=?