General guideline when talking about java

Java Tutorial

Expressions:

An expression is a construct made up of variables, operators, and method invocations
Example: result = 1 +2; name=‘linfeng’;

Statements:

Statements are roughly equivalent to sentences in natural languages. A statement forms a complete unit of execution.

• Assignment expressions
• Any use of ++ or --
• Method invocations
• Object creation expressions
  // assignment statement
  aValue = 8933.234;
  // increment statement
  aValue++;
  // method invocation statement
  System.out.println("Hello World!");
  // object creation statement
  Bicycle myBike = new Bicycle();

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Fields: an object stores its state in fields

Class Variables (Static Fields) :

A class variable is any field declared with the static modifier; this tells the compiler that there is exactly one copy of this variable in existence, regardless of how many times the class has been instantiated.

Instance Variables (Non-Static Fields) :

Technically speaking, objects store their individual states in "non-static fields", that is, fields declared without the static keyword. Non-static fields are also known as instance variables because their values are unique to each instance of a class (to each object, in other words)

Local Variables:

a method will often store its temporary state in local variables. that determination comes entirely from the location in which the variable is declared — which is between the opening and closing braces of a method.
only visible to the methods in which they are declared;

Parameters:

Parameters are variables that provide extra information to a method;

both local variables and parameters are always classified as "variables" (not "fields")

Argument:

Real data passing to the methods;

Members:

A type's fields, methods, and nested types are collectively called its members.