本文由微博用户@Maxiv想考MTI翻译自 NPR 播客 Hidden Brain: Why Now?
这一期Hidden Brain 是关于 Me Too 运动的专题报道，并从社会心理学角度进行分析。
原文和图片摘自 http://www.kenw.org/post/why-now 版权归 NPR 所有。
- 何以此时？Me Too 运动专题报道（中篇）
- 何以此时？Me Too 运动专题报道（下篇）
警告
本期节目含有性侵犯的描述，可能不适合部分听众收听。
This is HIDDEN BRAIN. I'm Shankar Vedantam. A warning before we start today's show - this episode includes accounts of sexual assault and may not be suitable for all listeners. In 2016, Maia Ermansons sat down at her laptop to write a Facebook post. It was about a famous playwright, Israel Horovitz. She accused him of serious sexual misconduct.
这里是 Hidden Brain，我是 Shankar Vedantam。在我们开始今天的节目之前有一个警告，本期节目含有性侵犯的描述，可能不适合部分听众收听。2016年，Maia Ermansons 坐在电脑前在 Facebook 上发布了一条指控著名剧作家 Israel Horovitz 严重性骚扰的帖子。
Maia Ermansons accused Israel Horovitz of sexually assaulting her in a Facebook post in 2016.
VIA FACEBOOK
Maia Ermansons 于2016年在 Facebook 发帖控诉 Israel Horovitz 曾对其性侵。
图片通过脸书截取
Maia Ermansons met Israel Horovitz (pictured) when she was 11, and thought of him as a mentor and grandfatherly figure. In 2016 — a decade after this picture was taken — she called him out in a Facebook post and accused him of sexually assaulting her when she was 21. During the encounter, she says Horovitz told her, "Maia, no great woman ever became great by being a good girl."
COURTESY OF MAIA ERMANSONS
Maia Ermansons 在她11岁时遇见了Israel Horovitz（如图），并把他当作导师和祖父。 在2016年——拍摄这张照片的十年后——她在一篇 Facebook 帖子揭露他在她21岁时对她进行性侵犯。在遭遇不幸期间，她说 Horovitz 告诉她，“Maia，没有一个女人是通过成为一个乖乖女孩而变得伟大的。“
照片由 MAIA ERMANSONS 提供
MAIA ERMANSONS: He put this anger in me that I didn't have before, and that wasn't going away. And I couldn't let it rest.
MAIA ERMANSONS：他把这种我以前没有过的愤怒发泄在我身上，那种感觉挥之不去。我不能让它休息。我不能让这事得过且过。
VEDANTAM: Within months, other women stepped forward with similar stories.
VEDANTAM：几个月后，其他女性也站了出来讲述了相同的故事
Jana Mestecky (left) poses for a cast photo during production of the play Des rats et des hommes, directed by Israel Horovitz (front, third from left). The photo appeared in the French magazine, L'Avant-Scène, in 1994.
COURTESY OF JANA MESTECKY
Jana Mestecky（左）在制作由 Israel Horovitz（前左起第三位）执导的戏剧 Des rats et des hommes 期间拍摄了一张照片。 这张照片于1994年出现在法国杂志 L'Avant-Scène 中。
照片由 JANA MESTECKY 提供
JOCELYN MEINHARDT: But yeah, no, he just locked the door, and then immediately...
JOCELYN MEINHARDT：啊，他把门锁上了，然后突然就……
JANA MESTECKY: Nobody was there, and it was...
JANA MESTECKY：周围一个人也没有，这……
Laura Crook is pictured outside her home in Gloucester, Mass., last fall. She was in her 20s when she performed in Israel Horovitz's 1990 production of Strong-Man's Weak Child. Crook is one of six women who accused Horovitz of sexual misconduct in 1993.
COURTESY OF PATRICE HOWARD
照片是 Laura Crook 去年（2017年）秋天在马萨诸塞州格洛斯特的家外所拍。 她于1990年，在她20多岁时，出演了由 Israel Horovitz 制作的 Strong-Man's Weak Child。 Laura Crook 是1993年指责 Israel Horovitz 性行为不端的六名女性之一。
照片由 PATRICE HOWARD 提供
LAURA CROOK: And then he just was on me.
LAURA CROOK：然后他就在我身上了。
MEINHARDT: I never thought it would go this far.
MEINHARDT：我从没想过会到这种程度。
MESTECKY: I went to the managing director and said I was quitting.
MESTECKY：我去找总经理说我不干了。
VEDANTAM: The theater world was quick to censure the playwright. Several companies dropped productions of his plays. He quickly resigned from the board of the theater company that he'd founded. Israel Horovitz was disgraced, his career in tatters. But here's the twist. Twenty-four years earlier, another group of women had made nearly identical accusations, and nothing happened. This week on HIDDEN BRAIN, we ask, why now? Why have so many women stepped forward to make accusations about sexual harassment and assault, and why is the world finally taking them seriously?
VEDANTAM：剧院世界很快就会谴责剧作家。几家公司放弃了他的戏剧制作。他很快就辞去了他创立的戏剧公司的董事会职务。Israel Horovitz 颜面尽失，职业生涯也岌岌可危。但这里有翻转，二十四年前，另一群女性提出了几乎相同的指控，但没有任何回应。本周在 Hidden Brain，我们问道，为什么现在呢？为什么有这么多女性站出来指责性骚扰和性侵犯，为什么世界终于认真对待她们了呢？
VEDANTAM: In the mid-1980s, Jocelyn Meinhardt was a high school student in New York City. She was known for her sense of humor and her oversized vintage clothes. She was dating Adam Horovitz, a teenage musician from the band the Beastie Boys.
VEDANTAM：在20世纪80年代中期，Jocelyn Meinhardt 还是纽约市的一名高中生。 她以幽默感和超大的复古服装而闻名。 她正在和 Beastie Boys 乐队的少年音乐家 Adam Horovitz 约会。
MEINHARDT: I went out with him from the time I was 15 to 17.
MEINHARDT：15岁到17岁的时候，我和他一起出去约会。
VEDANTAM: After high school, Jocelyn enrolled at New York University to pursue a degree in dramatic writing. One day in 1989, she got a call. It was Adam's father, the 49-year-old playwright Israel Horovitz.
VEDANTAM：高中毕业后，Jocelyn 就读于纽约大学攻读戏剧学位。 1989年的一天，她接到了电话。 是亚当的父亲，49岁的剧作家 Israel Horovitz。
MEINHARDT: Israel was like, I have a play, and I have two tickets. You know, come to see it. I was like, this is weird. And I don't even think before then I'd seen any of his plays. Like, I just had no relation. He was just, like, my boyfriend's father.
MEINHARDT：Israel 像这样说，我有场戏，还有两张票，来看看吧。我当时想，这好奇怪。在此之前我甚至都没想过我会看他的任何戏剧，就像，我们没有关联，他就只是我男朋友的父亲这样。
VEDANTAM: Jocelyn went to see the play with her new boyfriend. Sometimes later, she says, Israel invited her to have coffee. She told him she was studying at NYU.
VEDANTAM：Jocelyn 和她的新男友去看戏剧。后来她说起，Israel 曾邀请她去喝咖啡。而她告诉他，她正在纽约大学读书。
MEINHARDT: And then, you know, he was like, oh, you're in dramatic writing school; that's silly; you should be, like, just writing.
MEINHARDT：然后，你知道的，他就像（这样说），”哦，你在戏剧写作学院，这太愚蠢了。 你应该读某些，专门的写作（的专业）。“
VEDANTAM: And then Israel made Jocelyn an incredible offer. He asked if she'd like to work the summer at his theater in Gloucester, Mass.
VEDANTAM：然后 Israel 为 Jocelyn 找到一个很好的机会。 他问她这个夏天是否想到马萨诸塞州格洛斯特他的剧院工作。
MEINHARDT: He created a position for me where he was like, you can come up and be, like, the Samuel Beckett fellow.
MEINHARDT：他为我创造了一个职位置，他说，你可以像萨穆埃尔贝克特一样就此成名。
（注：Samuel Beckett 是作家，评论家和剧作家，1969年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。）
VEDANTAM: A playwriting fellowship at a professional theater company.
VEDANTAM：一个专业剧院公司提供的剧作奖学金。
MEINHARDT: ...And get a stipend.
MEINHARDT：......然后获得津贴。
VEDANTAM: It was unreal - a huge break for a 19-year-old student. Jocelyn says, to top it all, he told her he would take her under his wing, teach her his craft.
VEDANTAM：这是不真实的——对于一个19岁的学生来说，这是一个巨大的突破。 Jocelyn 说，最重要的是，他告诉她会把她收入麾下，亲传技艺。
So you went.
所以你去了。
MEINHARDT: Yeah.
MEINHARDT：是的。
VEDANTAM: Of course she went. It was like a big, heavy door was being thrown open. Beyond lay endless possibility.
VEDANTAM：她当然会去了。这就像一扇厚重的大门正徐徐开启，背后是超越无限可能。
MEINHARDT: It was really the first time I was going to be away from home. Like, even summer camp up till then had been, like, two weeks, you know? I mean, I remember, like, not knowing how to feed myself. Like, I ate a lot of cereal that summer and candy bars, so...
MEINHARDT：这是我第一次离家出走。即使到那时的夏令营已经过了两周，你知道吗？我的意思是，我印象中，就像，不知道如何养活自己。那个夏天我吃了很多麦片和糖果棒，所以......
VEDANTAM: At the end of May, Jocelyn packed her stuff and headed up to the blue-collar fishing town of Gloucester. The theater company had rented a room for her.
VEDANTAM：5月底，Jocelyn 收拾东西，前往蓝领渔镇 Gloucester。剧院公司为她租了个房间。
MEINHARDT: With this really cool senior citizen fisherman's wife who was really awesome.
MEINHARDT：这位非常酷的老年渔夫的妻子非常棒。
VEDANTAM: Jocelyn started settling in. The next day...
VEDANTAM：Jocelyn 开始安顿下来。第二天的时候......
MEINHARDT: Israel showed up and was like, hop in my car, and we'll drive up to my house. I remember it so clearly because it was a really foggy day, so it just - everything about it was just creepy. And it wasn't late in the evening. It was just, like, dinnertime.
MEINHARDT：Israel 出现并且跳进我的车，我们将开车到我家。我记得很清楚，因为这是一个雾气很重的日子，这让它的一切都令人毛骨悚然。而且不是特别晚，大概是晚饭的时间。
VEDANTAM: They drove through the fog to Israel's house. They went inside, and that door - the one she thought would lead to endless possibility - slammed shut.
VEDANTAM：他们穿过浓雾，开到 Israel 的房子。他们进去了，那扇她认为会指向无限可能的那扇门——砰地一声关上了。
MEINHARDT: He just locked the door, and then immediately, like, stuck his tongue down my mouth. And I remember just feeling so trapped, and I remember looking out the window and thinking, can I run? If I left, you know, would anybody help me? And wouldn't I look ridiculous because I had walked into this house, and Israel could just say like, oh, she's mentally unstable or whatever, you know?
MEINHARDT：他刚刚把门锁上了，然后立即将舌头伸到我嘴边。我印象中就感觉像落入陷阱一样，我记得看着窗外想着，我可以逃跑吗？如果我离开了，你知道，有人会帮助我吗？我不会看起来特别荒唐，因为是我走进了这所房子，Israel 可以说，哦，她精神不稳定或其他什么，你知道吗？
VEDANTAM: Remember, this was before cellphones, Ubers and Google Maps. Instead of running, Jocelyn froze.
VEDANTAM：请记住，这是在手机，Ubers 和谷歌地图出现之前（的时代）。Jocelyn 没有跑步，而是僵住了。
MEINHARDT: I felt like I was in shock. Like, it was so shocking. It was so shocking. This is my ex-boyfriend's father, you know? Like, I had - blegh. Like, but then I said, I am not here for this; I don't want to do this. And he said this is - or this was inevitable. And I realized that, like, he wasn't viewing it as - and I started to cry, like - and, you know, I think, clearly, you shouldn't have sex with somebody if they're - unless they're crying for joy, you know?
MEINHARDT：我像是惊呆了。就像，太震惊了，让人手足无措。这是我前男友的父亲，你知道吗？就像，后来我说，我不是为了这个；我不想这样做。他说这是——这是不可避免的。随之我意识到，就像，他没有把它视为——然后我开始哭了——就像——而且，你知道，我认为，显然，你不应该与某人发生性关系，如果他们正哭着呢——除非他们是喜极而泣的，你知道吧？
And so I do feel like, on some level, he knew what he was doing. But yeah, he led me upstairs, and I was crying. And I remember kind of seeing it from an aerial perspective. While I wasn't grabbed by my hair and dragged through a park in the middle of the night, could I describe it as rape? Like, could I - you know, because I wasn't screaming and saying no, no, no, no, was that rape?
所以我觉得，在某种程度上，他的确知道自己在做什么。但是，他带我上楼，我在哭。而且我记得有点从空中角度看它。虽然我没有被我的头发抓住并在半夜拖过公园，但我可以将其描述为强奸吗？就像，我可以——你知道，因为我没有尖叫，说不，不，不，不，这是强奸吗？
VEDANTAM: Jocelyn didn't say a word to anyone.
VEDANTAM：Jocelyn 对谁都没有提起一个字。
MEINHARDT: I just thought, if I tell people and deal with this, I will have to go home and lose this opportunity. And it felt that I would have to deal with all this shame and embarrassment over what happened because didn't I know that this would happen? So it was - just seemed wiser to just soldier on.
MEINHARDT：我想，如果我告诉别人并处理这个问题，我将不得不回家并失去这个机会。并且感得我必须处理随之而来的所有这些耻辱和尴尬，因为我不知道会发生这种情况吗？所以就此罢休在当时看起来是更明智的选择。
VEDANTAM: So that's what she did. In the weeks that followed, Jocelyn tried to avoid Israel's advances. Sometimes she succeeded, but, she says, not always.
VEDANTAM：这就是她所做的。在接下来的几周里，Jocelyn 试图避免 Israel 的得寸进尺。有时成功，但她说，并非总是如此。
MEINHARDT: One of the times was in the room I was staying where I was - also had my computer up - set up to write. And he came over to help me with my play and then, like, put the moves on me. And it was sort of like, we have to have sex before I'm going to sit down and help you with your play. And that's exactly what happened. The other time, he was like, oh, my office in town is a mess; like, come help me clean it up. And then we're there.
MEINHARDT：其中一次是在我住的房间里——电脑还开着——我准备写作。然后他走过来帮助我完成剧本，然后开始在我身上有所动作。而且有点像，在我坐下来帮助你写剧本之前我们必须做爱。而这正是当时发生的事情。还有一次，他会这样，哦，我在镇上的办公室是一团糟，来帮我清理一下。然后我们就到了那一步了。
So it was essentially, like, if he was alone with me in a place other than the theater and other than his house, which now had his kids and his twins and his nanny - like, if he could get me into a place - and he was able to do that twice - and both times, I didn't fight him off - and I did feel like I had made that decision. Like, I'm just not going to tell anyone, ever, and I don't want to ruin this opportunity. So, you know, I thought - I remember thinking at that time that you could absolutely forget things. I was like, I am going to block this. I'm not going to think about it, and I'll be fine, you know. Like, I didn't understand that that's not how the brain works.
所以基本上就是这样，如果他独自和我在一个剧院或是他的房子以外的地方，就会这样。因为房子里现在有他的孩子，他的双胞胎和他的保姆。就像是，如果他能带我进一个地方——和他能够做到这两次——而且两次，我都没有还手。我觉得是我做出了这个决定——我不会告诉任何人，永远不会。我不想破坏这个机会。所以，你知道的，我想——我记得那时在想，你绝对会忘记这些事情的。我就像是，我会把它封存起来。我不想它，我就会没事的。你知道。就像，我当时不明白大脑不会这样的。
In 1989, The Gloucester Daily Times reviewed The Widow's Blind Date, written by Israel Horovitz (center). It's a play that depicts a woman confronting her rapists. Jocelyn Meinhardt (right), who worked on the play at the time, says she was sexually assaulted by Horovitz.
GLOUCESTER DAILY TIMES
1989年，《格洛斯特每日时报》报道了由以 Israel Horovitz（图片中）撰写的戏剧《寡妇相亲》。 这是一部描绘一名女性面对强暴她的罪犯的戏剧。 当时在剧中工作的 Jocelyn Meinhardt（图片右）说，她受到 Horovitz 的性侵犯。
格洛斯特每日时报提供图片
VEDANTAM: For Jocelyn, the summer became something to endure. It was all made worse by the fact that the Gloucester Stage Company was producing a searing play about the trauma of rape. It was called "The Widow's Blind Date." The playwright - Israel Horovitz. The play tells a story of Margy, a woman in her 30s. Back when she was 17, Margy was gang raped by seven young men, including her high-school classmates George and Archie. She's now returned to her hometown in Massachusetts to confront those two men. Much of the play depicts a world where men casually demean women. In one scene, which we had an actor perform, Margy describes what it feels like to have her breasts be endlessly objectified.
VEDANTAM：对于 Jocelyn 来说，那个夏天变得难熬。 格洛斯特舞台公司正在制作关于强奸创伤的炙手可热的戏，这更是雪上加霜。 剧名叫《寡妇相亲》。 剧作家——Israel Horovitz。该剧讲述了一个30多岁的女人 Margy 的故事。 在她17岁时，Margy 被七名年轻人轮奸，其中包括她的高中同学 George 和 Archie。 她现在回到她在马萨诸塞州的家乡，面对这两个人。 戏剧的大部分描绘了一个男人随便贬低女人的世界。 在一个演员表演的场景中，Margy 描述了让她的乳房无休止地蹂躏的感觉。
LAURA C. HARRIS: (As Margy) First off, the matter of my mammary glands - my breasts, my tits, my boobs, my jugs, my knockers, my set, my funny Valentines, my perfect little orbs - yeah, they seem to be causing you some grief. My breasts - they've been quite something for me, too, over the years.
LAURA C. HARRIS：（饰演 Margy）首先，我的乳腺问题——我的胸部，我的乳房，我的奶子，我的水壶，我的门环，我的套装，我的幽默情人，我的绝世双峰——是的，它们似乎让你有些悲伤了。 我的乳房——多年来，它们对我来说也很重要。
VEDANTAM: To Margy, it is all so exhausting.
VEDANTAM：对于 Margy 来说，这一切都让人筋疲力尽。
HARRIS: (As Margy) You know, thinking it over, Archie and George, I will gladly give my breasts over to you for whatever purpose you choose. George, you would wear them on the odd days, Archie on the evens, and I'd be free to get back to work, to get back to sleep at night, to end the constant and unrelenting fondling.
哈里斯：（饰演玛吉）你知道的，仔细想想吧，阿奇和乔治，无论出于什么目的，我都乐意献上双乳。 乔治，在奇数的日子里拿去吧，阿奇在偶数的日子，我就可以自由地回去工作，晚上回去睡觉，结束这永无天日，冷酷无情地抚弄。
MEINHARDT: I saw that play, like, 500 times because that was the play that was being produced the summer I was there - like, the worst summer of my life. And so it was really - no, I - it's just so complicated and ridiculous because I basically had to watch a play about a woman who was raped confronting her rapists. And no - and that's what part of - you know, I remember Israel saying to me at one point, like, can you imagine hurting somebody - like, what that would do - like, how ridiculous that is? And I was just like, you have hurt me. Like, I - it just was such a mind bender.
MEINHARDT：那场戏我大概看了500次吧，因为那正是我在那儿的夏天刚出现的戏剧——我生命中最糟糕的夏天。基本上来说，我不得不看一个讲述一个女人被强奸面对她的强奸犯的戏剧，那真的是如此复杂和荒谬。你知道吗，在那时候的某一刻我记得 Israel 曾经一度对我说过，你能想象有人会这样伤害某人吗？这是有多不可理喻？而当时我想的是，你已经这样伤害了我啊，这一切都，难以理解。
We reached out to Israel Horovitz via email, phone, and mailed letters. Over email, he declined an interview, but said he finds sexual violence against women to be "abhorrent and intolerable."
VIA HIDDEN BRAIN
我们试图通过电子邮件、电话和邮寄信件方式与 Israel Horovitz 取得联系。他 通过电子邮件拒绝接受采访，但表示他认为针对女性的性暴力是「令人厌恶和无法容忍的」。
截图由 Hidden Brain 提供
VEDANTAM: We repeatedly reached out to Israel Horovitz via phone, email and letters. We asked him about the allegations that Jocelyn and other women have made against him and the apparent contradiction between the message of his play and his alleged behavior. He declined an interview, saying, I'm recovering from two major cancer surgeries. My play, "The Widow's Blind Date," states clearly my feeling about sexual violence against women, which I find to be abhorrent and intolerable. When we come back, we look at the psychology of when people stay silent and when they speak up. Stay with us.
VEDANTAM：我们通过电话，电子邮件和信件多次联系 Israel Horovitz。我们向他询问了 Jocelyn 和其他女人对他的指控以及他的戏剧所传达的信息与他口中的行为之间的明显矛盾。他拒绝接受采访，并表示，“我正在从两次重大癌症手术中恢复过来。我的戏剧《寡妇相亲》清楚地表明了我对女性性暴力的感受，我觉得这是令人憎恶和无法忍受的”。当广告之后我们回来时，我们会讨论人们保持沉默和说话时的心理。不要走开。
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