为使用NAT网络的KVM虚机配置静态IP

系统rhel 8.5，以默认的default网络为例：

1. 查看default网络

   virsh net-dumpxml default
   <network connections='1'>
     <name>default</name>
     <uuid>50b4c6fc-9bd0-45e9-94dd-1d9e7279199c</uuid>
     <forward mode='nat'>
       <nat>
         <port start='1024' end='65535'/>
       </nat>
     </forward>
     <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
     <mac address='52:54:00:70:e0:ca'/>
     <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
       <dhcp>
         <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
       </dhcp>
     </ip>
   </network>
   

2. 创建虚机（使用default网络）

   virt-install --autostart --name cluster1-master1 --memory 32768 --vcpus 8 --import --os-variant rhel8.5 --disk path=/var/cluster1/master1/os.qcow2,bus=virtio --network network=default,model=virtio --noautoconsole
   

3. 查看虚机状态

   virsh list --all
    Id   Name               State
   ----------------------------------
    1    cluster1-master1   running
   

4. 获取虚机NAT网卡的MAC地址

   virsh dumpxml cluster1-master1
   ……
   <interface type='network'>
     <mac address='52:54:00:03:8b:c4'/>
     <source network='default' portid='7dad577d-f3c0-475c-bf20-12a1504e4e13' bridge='virbr0'/>
   ……
   

5. 查看虚机自动获取的IP地址

   arp -a | grep 52:54:00:03:8b:c4
   ? (192.168.122.2) at 52:54:00:03:8b:c4 [ether] on virbr0
   

6. 登录到虚机

   ssh [email protected]
   

7. 在宿主机上更新dhcp资源池的范围

   virsh net-update default delete ip-dhcp-range "" --live --config
   virsh net-update default add ip-dhcp-range "" --live --config
   

8. 在宿主机上配置虚机的静态IP

   virsh net-update default add-last ip-dhcp-host "" --live --config
   

   其中，
   host mac：第四步获取的虚机NAT网卡的MAC地址
   name：虚机名
   ip：要配置的静态IP

9. 确认配置更新

   virsh net-dumpxml default
   <network>
     <name>default</name>
     <uuid>50b4c6fc-9bd0-45e9-94dd-1d9e7279199c</uuid>
     <forward mode='nat'>
       <nat>
         <port start='1024' end='65535'/>
       </nat>
     </forward>
     <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
     <mac address='52:54:00:70:e0:ca'/>
     <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
       <dhcp>
         <range start='192.168.122.100' end='192.168.122.254'/>
         <host mac='52:54:00:03:8b:c4' name='cluster1-master1' ip='192.168.122.10'/>
       </dhcp>
     </ip>
   </network>
   

10. 在虚机上重新发送DHCP请求

    dhclient -r && dhclient
    

11. 宿主机上查看arp

    arp -a | grep 52:54:00:03:8b:c4
    ? (192.168.122.10) at 52:54:00:03:8b:c4 [ether] on virbr0
    ? (192.168.122.2) at 52:54:00:03:8b:c4 [ether] on virbr0
    

12. 确认配置成功

    ping 192.168.122.10
    PING 192.168.122.10 (192.168.122.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
    64 bytes from 192.168.122.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.291 ms
    64 bytes from 192.168.122.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.504 ms
    ^C
    --- 192.168.122.10 ping statistics ---
    2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1026ms
    

参考资料：
https://tqdev.com/2020-kvm-network-static-ip-addresses