Ubuntu安装Elasticsearch(7.17 8.6 8.7)

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.17/deb.html#deb-repo

Install Elasticsearch with Debian Packageedit

The Debian package for Elasticsearch can be downloaded from our website or from our APT repository. It can be used to install Elasticsearch on any Debian-based system such as Debian and Ubuntu.

This package contains both free and subscription features. Start a 30-day trial to try out all of the features.

The latest stable version of Elasticsearch can be found on the Download Elasticsearch page. Other versions can be found on the Past Releases page.

Elasticsearch includes a bundled version of OpenJDK from the JDK maintainers (GPLv2+CE). To use your own version of Java, see the JVM version requirements

Import the Elasticsearch PGP Keyedit

We sign all of our packages with the Elasticsearch Signing Key (PGP key D88E42B4, available from https://pgp.mit.edu) with fingerprint:

4609 5ACC 8548 582C 1A26 99A9 D27D 666C D88E 42B4

Download and install the public signing key:

wget -qO - https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/elasticsearch-keyring.gpg

Installing from the APT repositoryedit

You may need to install the apt-transport-https package on Debian before proceeding:

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https

Save the repository definition to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list:

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/elasticsearch-keyring.gpg] https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elastic-7.x.list

These instructions do not use add-apt-repository for several reasons:

1. add-apt-repository adds entries to the system /etc/apt/sources.list file rather than a clean per-repository file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d
2. add-apt-repository is not part of the default install on many distributions and requires a number of non-default dependencies.

3. Older versions of add-apt-repository always add a deb-src entry which will cause errors because we do not provide a source package. If you have added the deb-src entry, you will see an error like the following until you delete the deb-src line:

   Unable to find expected entry 'main/source/Sources' in Release file
   (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)

You can install the Elasticsearch Debian package with:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install elasticsearch

If two entries exist for the same Elasticsearch repository, you will see an error like this during apt-get update:

Duplicate sources.list entry https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/7.x/apt/ ...`

Examine /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elasticsearch-7.x.list for the duplicate entry or locate the duplicate entry amongst the files in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ and the /etc/apt/sources.list file.

On systemd-based distributions, the installation scripts will attempt to set kernel parameters (e.g., vm.max_map_count); you can skip this by masking the systemd-sysctl.service unit.

Download and install the Debian package manuallyedit

The Debian package for Elasticsearch v7.17.9 can be downloaded from the website and installed as follows:

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.17.9-amd64.deb
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.17.9-amd64.deb.sha512
shasum -a 512 -c elasticsearch-7.17.9-amd64.deb.sha512 
sudo dpkg -i elasticsearch-7.17.9-amd64.deb

Compares the SHA of the downloaded Debian package and the published checksum, which should output elasticsearch-{version}-amd64.deb: OK.

Enable automatic creation of system indicesedit

Some commercial features automatically create indices within Elasticsearch. By default, Elasticsearch is configured to allow automatic index creation, and no additional steps are required. However, if you have disabled automatic index creation in Elasticsearch, you must configure action.auto_create_index in elasticsearch.yml to allow the commercial features to create the following indices:

action.auto_create_index: .monitoring*,.watches,.triggered_watches,.watcher-history*,.ml*

If you are using Logstash or Beats then you will most likely require additional index names in your action.auto_create_index setting, and the exact value will depend on your local configuration. If you are unsure of the correct value for your environment, you may consider setting the value to * which will allow automatic creation of all indices.

SysV init vs systemdedit

Elasticsearch is not started automatically after installation. How to start and stop Elasticsearch depends on whether your system uses SysV init or systemd (used by newer distributions). You can tell which is being used by running this command:

ps -p 1

Running Elasticsearch with SysV initedit

Use the update-rc.d command to configure Elasticsearch to start automatically when the system boots up:

sudo update-rc.d elasticsearch defaults 95 10

Elasticsearch can be started and stopped using the service command:

sudo -i service elasticsearch start
sudo -i service elasticsearch stop

If Elasticsearch fails to start for any reason, it will print the reason for failure to STDOUT. Log files can be found in /var/log/elasticsearch/.

Running Elasticsearch with systemdedit

To configure Elasticsearch to start automatically when the system boots up, run the following commands:

sudo /bin/systemctl daemon-reload
sudo /bin/systemctl enable elasticsearch.service

Elasticsearch can be started and stopped as follows:

sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service
sudo systemctl stop elasticsearch.service

These commands provide no feedback as to whether Elasticsearch was started successfully or not. Instead, this information will be written in the log files located in /var/log/elasticsearch/.

If you have password-protected your Elasticsearch keystore, you will need to provide systemd with the keystore password using a local file and systemd environment variables. This local file should be protected while it exists and may be safely deleted once Elasticsearch is up and running.

echo "keystore_password" > /path/to/my_pwd_file.tmp
chmod 600 /path/to/my_pwd_file.tmp
sudo systemctl set-environment ES_KEYSTORE_PASSPHRASE_FILE=/path/to/my_pwd_file.tmp
sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service

By default the Elasticsearch service doesn’t log information in the systemd journal. To enable journalctl logging, the --quiet option must be removed from the ExecStart command line in the elasticsearch.service file.

When systemd logging is enabled, the logging information are available using the journalctl commands:

To tail the journal:

sudo journalctl -f

To list journal entries for the elasticsearch service:

sudo journalctl --unit elasticsearch

To list journal entries for the elasticsearch service starting from a given time:

sudo journalctl --unit elasticsearch --since  "2016-10-30 18:17:16"

Check man journalctl or journalctl for more command line options.

Startup timeouts with older systemd versions

By default Elasticsearch sets the TimeoutStartSec parameter to systemd to 900s. If you are running at least version 238 of systemd then Elasticsearch can automatically extend the startup timeout, and will do so repeatedly until startup is complete even if it takes longer than 900s.

Versions of systemd prior to 238 do not support the timeout extension mechanism and will terminate the Elasticsearch process if it has not fully started up within the configured timeout. If this happens, Elasticsearch will report in its logs that it was shut down normally a short time after it started:

[2022-01-31T01:22:31,077][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [instance-0000000123] starting ...
...
[2022-01-31T01:37:15,077][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [instance-0000000123] stopping ...

However the systemd logs will report that the startup timed out:

Jan 31 01:22:30 debian systemd[1]: Starting Elasticsearch...
Jan 31 01:37:15 debian systemd[1]: elasticsearch.service: Start operation timed out. Terminating.
Jan 31 01:37:15 debian systemd[1]: elasticsearch.service: Main process exited, code=killed, status=15/TERM
Jan 31 01:37:15 debian systemd[1]: elasticsearch.service: Failed with result 'timeout'.
Jan 31 01:37:15 debian systemd[1]: Failed to start Elasticsearch.

To avoid this, upgrade your systemd to at least version 238. You can also temporarily work around the problem by extending the TimeoutStartSec parameter.

Checking that Elasticsearch is runningedit

You can test that your Elasticsearch node is running by sending an HTTP request to port 9200 on localhost:

GET /

Copy as curlView in Console 

which should give you a response something like this:

{
  "name" : "Cp8oag6",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "AT69_T_DTp-1qgIJlatQqA",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.17.9",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "tar",
    "build_hash" : "f27399d",
    "build_date" : "2016-03-30T09:51:41.449Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.11.1",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "1.2.3",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "1.2.3"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

Configuring Elasticsearchedit

The /etc/elasticsearch directory contains the default runtime configuration for Elasticsearch. The ownership of this directory and all contained files are set to root:elasticsearch on package installations.

The setgid flag applies group permissions on the /etc/elasticsearch directory to ensure that Elasticsearch can read any contained files and subdirectories. All files and subdirectories inherit the root:elasticsearch ownership. Running commands from this directory or any subdirectories, such as the elasticsearch-keystore tool, requires root:elasticsearch permissions.

Elasticsearch loads its configuration from the /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml file by default. The format of this config file is explained in Configuring Elasticsearch.

The Debian package also has a system configuration file (/etc/default/elasticsearch), which allows you to set the following parameters:

ES_JAVA_HOME	Set a custom Java path to be used.
MAX_OPEN_FILES	Maximum number of open files, defaults to 65535.
MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY	Maximum locked memory size. Set to unlimited if you use the bootstrap.memory_lock option in elasticsearch.yml.
MAX_MAP_COUNT	Maximum number of memory map areas a process may have. If you use mmapfs as index store type, make sure this is set to a high value. For more information, check the linux kernel documentation about max_map_count. This is set via sysctl before starting Elasticsearch. Defaults to 262144.
ES_PATH_CONF	Configuration file directory (which needs to include elasticsearch.yml, jvm.options, and log4j2.properties files); defaults to /etc/elasticsearch.
ES_JAVA_OPTS	Any additional JVM system properties you may want to apply.
RESTART_ON_UPGRADE	Configure restart on package upgrade, defaults to false. This means you will have to restart your Elasticsearch instance after installing a package manually. The reason for this is to ensure, that upgrades in a cluster do not result in a continuous shard reallocation resulting in high network traffic and reducing the response times of your cluster.

Distributions that use systemd require that system resource limits be configured via systemd rather than via the /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch file. See Systemd configuration for more information.

Directory layout of Debian packageedit

The Debian package places config files, logs, and the data directory in the appropriate locations for a Debian-based system:

Type	Description	Default Location	Setting
home	Elasticsearch home directory or $ES_HOME	/usr/share/elasticsearch
bin	Binary scripts including elasticsearch to start a node and elasticsearch-plugin to install plugins	/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin
conf	Configuration files including elasticsearch.yml	/etc/elasticsearch	ES_PATH_CONF
conf	Environment variables including heap size, file descriptors.	/etc/default/elasticsearch
data	The location of the data files of each index / shard allocated on the node.	/var/lib/elasticsearch	path.data
jdk	The bundled Java Development Kit used to run Elasticsearch. Can be overridden by setting the ES_JAVA_HOME environment variable in /etc/default/elasticsearch.	/usr/share/elasticsearch/jdk
logs	Log files location.	/var/log/elasticsearch	path.logs
plugins	Plugin files location. Each plugin will be contained in a subdirectory.	/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins
repo	Shared file system repository locations. Can hold multiple locations. A file system repository can be placed in to any subdirectory of any directory specified here.	Not configured	path.repo

Next stepsedit

You now have a test Elasticsearch environment set up. Before you start serious development or go into production with Elasticsearch, you must do some additional setup:

• Learn how to configure Elasticsearch.
• Configure important Elasticsearch settings.
• Configure important system settings.