Windows phone 8 学习笔记(7) 设备
本节主要涉及到 Windows phone 8 手机支持的各类设备，包括相机、设备状态，振动装置等。还有各类感应器，包括磁力计、加速度器和陀螺仪。通过设备状态可以获取内存、硬件、电源、键盘等状态；通过相机捕获照片和视频；各类感应器帮助我们获取设备的运动状态等。
快速导航：
一、设备状态
二、相机
三、罗盘传感器
四、加速度计
五、陀螺仪
六、如何振动手机
一、设备状态
通过DeviceStatus 类我们可以确定设备的相关状态信息，比如内存大小啊，固件版本啊，还有是否部署了物理键盘等信息，以及与电源的相关信息，当前是电池还是外部电源等。
我们通过下面的代码展示如何获取这些信息。
[C#]
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)
{
var timer = new DispatcherTimer();
timer.Interval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 10);
timer.Tick += new EventHandler((a, b) =>
{
//当前内存使用了多少字节
var x = Microsoft.Phone.Info.DeviceStatus.ApplicationCurrentMemoryUsage;
textblock1.Text = "当前内存：" + convert(x);
//高峰时内存使用了多少字节
var y = Microsoft.Phone.Info.DeviceStatus.ApplicationPeakMemoryUsage;
textblock2.Text = "峰值内存：" + convert(y);
});
timer.Start();
textblock3.Text = "设备制造商名："+ DeviceStatus.DeviceManufacturer;
textblock4.Text = "设备名：" + DeviceStatus.DeviceName;
textblock5.Text = "固件版本："+ DeviceStatus.DeviceFirmwareVersion;
textblock6.Text = "硬件版本："+ DeviceStatus.DeviceHardwareVersion;
textblock7.Text = "物理内存大小："+convert( DeviceStatus.DeviceTotalMemory);
textblock8.Text = "应用进程可分配最大额外内存：" + convert(DeviceStatus.ApplicationMemoryUsageLimit);
textblock9.Text ="是否包含硬件键盘："+ DeviceStatus.IsKeyboardPresent.ToString();
textblock10.Text = "是否部署硬件键盘：" + DeviceStatus.IsKeyboardDeployed.ToString();
textblock11.Text = "电源状态：" + DeviceStatus.PowerSource.ToString();
//关闭或部署键盘时
DeviceStatus.KeyboardDeployedChanged += new EventHandler((a, b) => {
textblock9.Text = "键盘变更，是否包含硬件键盘：" + DeviceStatus.IsKeyboardPresent.ToString();
});
//设备电源变更时
DeviceStatus.PowerSourceChanged += new EventHandler((a, b) =>
{
textblock11.Text = "电源状态变更：" + DeviceStatus.PowerSource.ToString();
});
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
}
private string convert(long x)
{
return Math.Round(x / (1024.0 * 1024.0), 2) + "M";
}
二、相机
有两个类可以调用相机，分别是PhotoCamera和PhotoCaptureDevice，一般如果要支持WP7以及对相机基本调用则使用前者，后者用于相机的高级捕获。
1.PhotoCamera
我们首先通过PhotoCamera来访问相机，我们可以实现一个具备拍照功能的基本相机，包含自动对焦、闪光灯、分辨率调整等功能，下面代码演示了如何使用。
[XAML]
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
<Canvas x:Name="canvas1" Margin="0,0,0,0" Tap="canvas1_Tap" Width="800" Height="480">
<Canvas.Background>
<VideoBrush x:Name="viewfinderBrush" />
</Canvas.Background>
<TextBlock x:Name="focusBrackets" Text="[ ]" FontSize="40" Visibility="Collapsed"/>
</Canvas>
<ListBox x:Name="listbox1" Margin="95,394,538,59" SelectionChanged="listbox1_SelectionChanged">
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding}"></TextBlock>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="ListBoxItem">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0,0,10,0" />
</Style>
</ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<ListBox.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"></StackPanel>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemsPanel>
</ListBox>
<TextBlock x:Name="textblock1" Foreground="Red" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="584,22,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,394,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="闪光灯：" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="273,394,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="分辨率：" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
<ListBox x:Name="listbox2" Margin="350,394,10,59" SelectionChanged="listbox2_SelectionChanged">
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding}"/>
</DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
<ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<Style TargetType="ListBoxItem">
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="0,0,10,0" />
</Style>
</ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
<ListBox.ItemsPanel>
<ItemsPanelTemplate>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal"/>
</ItemsPanelTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemsPanel>
</ListBox>
<Button Content="对焦" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="517,410,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
<Button Content="拍照" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="623,410,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Click="Button_Click_2"/>
<TextBlock Width="500" x:Name="textblock2" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,434,0,0" TextWrapping="Wrap" VerticalAlignment="Top"/>
</Grid>
[C#]
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
// 构造函数
public MainPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
PhotoCamera photoCamera;
MediaLibrary library = new MediaLibrary();
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)
{
//判断是否支持相机
if (PhotoCamera.IsCameraTypeSupported(CameraType.Primary))
{
textblock1.Text = "当前取景：后置摄像头";
photoCamera = new PhotoCamera(CameraType.Primary);
}
else if (PhotoCamera.IsCameraTypeSupported(CameraType.FrontFacing))
{
textblock1.Text = "当前取景：前置摄像头";
photoCamera = new PhotoCamera(CameraType.FrontFacing);
}
else
{
textblock1.Text = "设备不支持相机";
return;
}
textblock2.Text = "相机正在初始化中.";
viewfinderBrush.SetSource(photoCamera);
//相机初始化完成时
photoCamera.Initialized += (a, b) =>
{
if (b.Succeeded)
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
SupportedFlashModesInit();
AvailableResolutionsInit();
textblock2.Text = "相机初始化完成.";
});
}
};
//有图像可用时（拍摄完成）
photoCamera.CaptureImageAvailable += (a, b) =>
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "正在保存照片."; });
library.SavePictureToCameraRoll(Guid.NewGuid().ToString() + ".jpg", b.ImageStream);
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "照片保存成功."; });
};
//对焦完成时
photoCamera.AutoFocusCompleted += (a, b) =>
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
textblock2.Text = "自动对焦完成.";
focusBrackets.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
});
};
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
}
/// <summary>
/// 显示支持的闪光模式
/// </summary>
private void SupportedFlashModesInit()
{
List<string> flashModes = new List<string>() { "关" };
if (photoCamera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.On)) flashModes.Add("开");
if (photoCamera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.Auto)) flashModes.Add("自动");
if (photoCamera.IsFlashModeSupported(FlashMode.RedEyeReduction)) flashModes.Add("红眼");
listbox1.ItemsSource = flashModes;
}
/// <summary>
/// 显示支持的分辨率
/// </summary>
private void AvailableResolutionsInit()
{
listbox2.ItemsSource = photoCamera.AvailableResolutions;
}
//对焦
private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
//是否支持自动对焦
if (photoCamera.IsFocusSupported == true)
{
try
{
photoCamera.Focus();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "对焦错误：" + ex.Message; });
}
}
else
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "相机不支持自动对焦."; });
}
}
//拍照
private void Button_Click_2(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (photoCamera != null)
{
try
{
photoCamera.CaptureImage();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = "拍照错误：" + ex.Message; });
}
}
}
//特定点对焦
private void canvas1_Tap(object sender, GestureEventArgs e)
{
if (photoCamera == null) return;
if (!photoCamera.IsFocusAtPointSupported)
{
textblock2.Text = "不支持特定点对焦";
return;
}
try
{
Point tapLocation = e.GetPosition(canvas1);
focusBrackets.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, tapLocation.X - 30);
focusBrackets.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, tapLocation.Y - 28);
double focusXPercentage = tapLocation.X / canvas1.Width;
double focusYPercentage = tapLocation.Y / canvas1.Height;
focusBrackets.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
photoCamera.FocusAtPoint(focusXPercentage, focusYPercentage);
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
{
textblock2.Text = String.Format("针对位置 [{0:N2} , {1:N2}] 开始对焦", focusXPercentage, focusYPercentage);
});
}
catch (Exception focusError)
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(delegate()
{
textblock2.Text ="对焦错误："+ focusError.Message;
focusBrackets.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
});
}
}
//切换闪光灯模式
private void listbox1_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.AddedItems.Count == 0) return;
switch (e.AddedItems[0].ToString())
{
case "关":
photoCamera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Off;
break;
case "自动":
photoCamera.FlashMode = FlashMode.Auto;
break;
case "红眼":
photoCamera.FlashMode = FlashMode.RedEyeReduction;
break;
case "开":
photoCamera.FlashMode = FlashMode.On;
break;
}
textblock2.Text = "已将闪光模式设置为：" + e.AddedItems[0].ToString();
}
//切换分辨率
private void listbox2_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.AddedItems.Count == 0) return;
photoCamera.Resolution = (Size)e.AddedItems[0];
textblock2.Text = "已将分辨率设置为：" + photoCamera.Resolution.ToString();
}
}
2.PhotoCaptureDevice
PhotoCaptureDevice对相机的高级捕获很多都是用于支持后续版本的，下面我们简单演示下通过PhotoCaptureDevice捕获照片并显示出来的方法。
[XAML]
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
<Canvas x:Name="canvas1" Margin="0,0,0,0" Width="800" Height="480">
<Canvas.Background>
<VideoBrush x:Name="viewfinderBrush" />
</Canvas.Background>
<Button Content="拍照" Canvas.Left="653" Canvas.Top="383" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
<Image x:Name="img1" Height="231" Canvas.Left="508" Canvas.Top="87" Width="220"/>
</Canvas>
</Grid>
[C#]
public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
{
// 构造函数
public MainPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
PhotoCaptureDevice photoCaptureDevice;
CameraCaptureSequence cameraCaptureSequence;
MemoryStream captureStream = new MemoryStream();
protected async override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
if (PhotoCaptureDevice.AvailableSensorLocations.Contains(CameraSensorLocation.Back))
{
var SupportedResolutions = PhotoCaptureDevice.GetAvailableCaptureResolutions(CameraSensorLocation.Back);
photoCaptureDevice = await PhotoCaptureDevice.OpenAsync(CameraSensorLocation.Back, SupportedResolutions[0]);
}
else if (PhotoCaptureDevice.AvailableSensorLocations.Contains(CameraSensorLocation.Front))
{
var SupportedResolutions = PhotoCaptureDevice.GetAvailableCaptureResolutions(CameraSensorLocation.Front);
photoCaptureDevice = await PhotoCaptureDevice.OpenAsync(CameraSensorLocation.Front, SupportedResolutions[0]);
}
else
{
return;
}
viewfinderBrush.SetSource(photoCaptureDevice);
cameraCaptureSequence = photoCaptureDevice.CreateCaptureSequence(1);
// Set camera properties.
photoCaptureDevice.SetProperty(KnownCameraPhotoProperties.FlashMode, FlashState.On);
photoCaptureDevice.SetProperty(KnownCameraGeneralProperties.PlayShutterSoundOnCapture, true);
photoCaptureDevice.SetProperty(KnownCameraGeneralProperties.AutoFocusRange, AutoFocusRange.Infinity);
cameraCaptureSequence.Frames[0].DesiredProperties[KnownCameraPhotoProperties.SceneMode] = CameraSceneMode.Portrait;
cameraCaptureSequence.Frames[0].CaptureStream = captureStream.AsOutputStream();
await photoCaptureDevice.PrepareCaptureSequenceAsync(cameraCaptureSequence);
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
}
public async void Capture()
{
await cameraCaptureSequence.StartCaptureAsync();
var b = new BitmapImage();
b.SetSource(captureStream);
img1.Source = b;
}
private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Capture();
}
}
三、罗盘传感器
罗盘传感器用于感知地球磁场，功能主要是用于确定方向，有了它，我们可以开发类似指南针的应用。
不是每个设备都必须支持罗盘传感器的，所以我们需要在使用前判断设备是否支持。
[C#]
if (!Compass.IsSupported)
{
MessageBox.Show("设备不支持罗盘");
return;
}
如果设备支持，我们还需要判断罗盘的精度，如果精度不高，需要提醒用户校对精度。当罗盘获取数据时，通过CurrentValueChanged事件处理获取的数据。
[XAML]
<Canvas x:Name="canvas1" Background="Black" Visibility="Collapsed">
<Image x:Name="image3" Canvas.Top="12" Canvas.Left="70" Source="Image/3.png"/>
<TextBlock TextWrapping="Wrap" Width="450" Canvas.Top="240" Text=" 您的罗盘需要校验，请按照上图所示的方式移动您的手机，系统将自动完成校验过程。" />
<Button Content="完成校验" Canvas.Left="154" Canvas.Top="596" Click="Button_Click_1"/>
</Canvas>
[C#]
compass = new Compass(); //指定数据更新时间间隔. compass.TimeBetweenUpdates = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(20); //从罗盘传感器获取数据时发生 compass.CurrentValueChanged += new EventHandler<SensorReadingEventArgs<CompassReading>>(compass_CurrentValueChanged); //罗盘需要校验时发生 compass.Calibrate += new EventHandler<CalibrationEventArgs>(compass_Calibrate);
compass.Start(); //从传感器获取新数据时发生 void compass_CurrentValueChanged(object sender, SensorReadingEventArgs<CompassReading> e) { //获取到地球地理北极顺时值偏移角度 trueHeading = e.SensorReading.TrueHeading; } //罗盘需要校验时发生 void compass_Calibrate(object sender, CalibrationEventArgs e) { Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { //罗盘需要校验，canvas1指示用户校验 canvas1.Visibility = Visibility.Visible; }); }
四、加速度计
加速度计用于测试某个时刻设备在空间中的姿态。它与重力相关。它的取值在分为x、y、z三个方向取值，下面我们理解下这些取值含义。我们假设设备正面向上平躺在水平桌面为参照标准：
x：设备左倾的趋势越大，值越小，左倾90度时，值为-1；相反，右倾时值越大，最大为1。
y：设备后倾的趋势越大，值越小，后倾90度时，值为-1；相反，前倾时值越大，最大为1。
z：设备下倾的趋势越大，值越大，下倾180度（翻面了）时，值为1；正面朝上（不动）时，最为-1。
总的说来，x控制左右，y控制前后，z控制上下。下面我们在看看如何使用。
[C#]
//校验设备是否支持
if (!Accelerometer.IsSupported)
{
MessageBox.Show("设备不支持重力感应");
}
var accelerometer = new Accelerometer();
accelerometer.TimeBetweenUpdates = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(20);
//从加速度传感器获取数据时发生
accelerometer.CurrentValueChanged += new EventHandler<SensorReadingEventArgs<AccelerometerReading>>(accelerometer_CurrentValueChanged);
accelerometer.Start();
//从加速度传感器获取数据时发生
void accelerometer_CurrentValueChanged(object sender, SensorReadingEventArgs<AccelerometerReading> e)
{
//获取到设备加速度矢量
vector3 = e.SensorReading.Acceleration;
}
五、陀螺仪
陀螺仪用于检测设备在空间中的旋转趋势。它的三个取值即为设备绕三个坐标轴的旋转速度。
x：水平左右向轴的旋转速度。
y：水平前后向轴的旋转速度。
z：垂直上下向轴的旋转速度。
然后我们看看如何调用陀螺仪。
[C#]
//判断设备是否支持陀螺仪
if (!Gyroscope.IsSupported)
{
MessageBox.Show("设备不支持陀螺仪");
}
gyroscope = new Gyroscope();
gyroscope.TimeBetweenUpdates = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(20);
//从陀螺仪获取数据时发生
gyroscope.CurrentValueChanged += new EventHandler<SensorReadingEventArgs<GyroscopeReading>>(gyroscope_CurrentValueChanged);
//启动陀螺仪，实际使用可能启动失败需要捕获异常
gyroscope.Start();
//从陀螺仪获取数据是发生
void gyroscope_CurrentValueChanged(object sender, SensorReadingEventArgs<GyroscopeReading> e)
{
//获取设备绕每个轴的旋转速度
var rotationRate = e.SensorReading.RotationRate;
}
六、如何振动手机
手机的振动可以通过一句简单的API完成，在某些情况下可能还需要设置振动的世界，以及提前结束振动。下面代码演示了如何操作。
[C#]
VibrateController testVibrateController = VibrateController.Default;
//定义振动时间
testVibrateController.Start(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3));
//在振动时间达到前停止振动
testVibrateController.Stop();