Reading Day3: IELTS 8-4-3

IELT Reading Day3: IELTS 8-4-3

Collecting Ant Specimens

1.错题总结

题目：Classify the following statements as referring to

A hand collecting

B using bait

C sampling ground litter

D using a fitfall trap

Write the correct letter A, B,C,or D in boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet.

31: It is preferable to take speciments from groups of ants. 从蚁群中提取标本是较好的

错选：B using bait, 正确：A hand collecting.

原文：This will ensure that all individuals are of the same species,and so increase their value for detailed studies.这将确保所有的个体都属于同一物种，从而增加它们对详细研究的价值。

from groups of ants = of the same species.

33:It is a good method for species which are hard fo find.

正确： B using bait

原文：

This often increases the number of individuals collected and attracted and attracts species that are otherwise elusive.

这通常增加了个体的数量，吸引和吸引物种，否则是难以捉摸的。

elusive /ɪˈluːsɪv/难 (找、形容、记、取得) 的

elusive = hard to find.

34:Little time and effort is required.

错选：C sampling ground litter 正确：D using a pitall trap n 问题，困难；隐患；陷阱 〔捕捉动物的〕夹子，罗网，陷阱

原文：

It will also allow more litter to be sampled when using a limited number of funnels.

litter :FOREST 森林

[U] dead leaves and other decaying plants on the ground in a forest

(also 又作leaf litter)

〔森林里的〕落叶，枯枝落叶层

One advantage of pitfall traps is that they can be used to collect over a period of time with minimal maintenance and intervention.

maintenance /'meɪnt ə nəns/ n.维护，养护，保养

intervention /ɪntə'venʃ(ə)n/ n.干涉，干预，介入

minimal maintenance and intervention = limited number of funnels.

2.生词总结

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生词	解释	原文重现
specimen /'spɛsəmən/	a small amount or piece that is taken from something, so that it can be tested or examined[〔用于测试或检验的〕样品，样本；标本	ant specimens
stray	accidentally separated from other things of the same kind离散的；零落的	Collecting ants can be as simple as picking up stray ones and placing them in a glass jar,or as complicated as completing an exhaustive survey of all species present in an are and estimating their relative abundances.
abundance	An abundance of something is a large quantity of it. 丰富	收集蚂蚁可以很简单，比如捡起离散的蚂蚁，把它们放在一个玻璃罐里;也可以很复杂，比如完成对蚂蚁群落中所有物种的详尽调查，并估计它们的相对丰度。
taxonomy /tæk'sɒnəmi/	** the process or a system of organizing things into different groups that show their natural relationships, especially plants or animals*〔动植物等的〕分类学	For taxonomy,or classification,long series,from a single nest,which contain all castes(workers,including majors and minors,and if present,queens and males) are desirable,to allow the determination of variation within species.
caste/kɑːst/	[castes]世袭的社会等级	对于包含所有等级(工蜂，包括工蜂和未成年工蜂，如果有工蜂，包括蚁后和雄蜂)的分类学，或分类，从一个单一的巢，长系列，是可取的 *，以允许确定物种内部的变异。
desirable /dɪ'zaɪərəb ə l/	formal something that is desirable is worth having or doing理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的	For taxonomy,or classification,long series,from a single nest,which contain all castes(workers,including majors and minors,and if present,queens and males) are desirable,to allow the determination of variation within species.
rotten/'rɒtn,ˋrɑtṇ/	badly decayed and no longer good to use腐烂的，变质的	This includes on the ground,under rocks,logs or other objects on the ground, in rotten wood on the ground or on trees,in vegetation,on tree trunks and under bark.
bark /bɑrk/	[U] the outer covering of a tree树皮	这包括在地上、岩石下、圆木或其他物体上，在地上或树上腐烂的木头里，在植被里、树干上和树皮下。
forage,v /'fɒrɪdʒ*,ˋfɔrɪdʒ*/	[V-I ](javascript:;)If someone forages for something, they search for it in a busy way. 匆忙搜寻	When possible,collections should be made from nests or foraging columns and at least 20 to 25 individuals collected.如有可能，收集应由巢或觅食柱和至少20至25个体被收集。
nocturnal /nɒk'tɜːnl,nɑkˋtɝnḷ/	/nɒk'tɜːnl,nɑkˋtɝnḷ/an animal that is nocturnal is active at night〔动物〕夜行的，夜间活动的	Since some species are largely nocturnal,collecting should not be confined to daytime.由于有些种类主要在夜间活动，收集活动不应局限于日间。
aspirator/'æspɪretɚ/	吸出器; 吸液器	Specimens are collected using an aspirator(often called a pooter),forceps,a fine,moistened paint brush,or fingers,if the ants are known not to sting.如果已知蚂蚁不叮人，可以使用吸引器(通常称为pooter)、镊子、精细湿润的油漆刷或手指收集样本。
forcep /ˈfɔːsɪps/	Forceps are an instrument consisting of two long narrow arms. Forceps are used by a doctor to hold things. (医用)镊子
ethanol/ˈɛθəˌnɒl/	the type of alcohol in alcoholic drinks, which can also be used as a fuel for cars乙醇	Individual insects are placed in plastic or glass tubes(1.5-3.0 ml capicity for small ants,5-8 ml for larger ants) containing 75% to 95% ethanol.将单个昆虫放入塑料或玻璃管中(小蚂蚁1.5-3.0 ml capicity，大蚂蚁5-8 ml capicity)，其中含有75% - 95%的乙醇 *。
forager/'fɔrɪdʒɚ/	n. 抢劫者觅食者	Baits can be used to attract and concentrate foragers.饵可以用来吸引和集中觅食者。
vials /'vaɪəl/	n. 小瓶；药水瓶	When placed on the ground,baits should be situated on small paper cards or other flat,light-coloured surfaces,or in test-tubes or vials.当放置在地面上时，诱饵应放置在小纸卡或其他平坦的浅色表面，或试管或**小瓶中。
debris/dəˈbri/	n. 碎片，残骸	Many ants are small and forage primarily in the layer of leaves and other debris on the ground.许多蚂蚁体型很小，主要在树叶和地面上的其他杂物层觅食。
screen /skriːn,skrin/	MOVABLE WALL 活动屏 障[C] a piece of furniture like a thin wall that can be moved around and is used to divide one part of a room from another	This is most commonly done by placing leaf litter on a screen over a large funnel,often under some heat.
heat /hit/	[U] warmth or the quality of being hot热，热量	这是最常见的做法，把落叶放在一个大漏斗的屏幕上，通常在一些热量下。
marshy/ˈmɑːʃɪ/	[ADJ ](javascript:;)Marshy land is always wet and muddy. 沼泽的; 泥泞的	This method works especially well in rain forests and marshy areas.这种方法在雨林和沼泽地区特别有效。
coarse	[ADV ](javascript:;)粗糙地	A method of improving the catch when using a funnel is to sift the leaf litter through a coarse screen before placing it above the funnel.在使用漏斗时，提高捕捉率的一种方法是，在将叶凋落物置于漏斗上方之前，先将其通过粗筛筛过。
twigs	[N-COUNT ](javascript:;)A twig is a very small thin branch that grows out from a main branch of a tree or bush. 细枝	This will concentrate the litter and remove larger leaves and twigs.这将集中凋落物，并删除较大的树叶和树枝。
diameter 美 /daɪ'æmɪtɚ/	[N-COUNT ](javascript:;)The diameter of a round object is the length of a straight line that can be drawn across it, passing through the middle of it. 直径	The diameter of the traps can very from about 18mm to 10cm and the number of used can vary from a few to several hundred.捕集器的直径可以从大约18mm到10cm不等，使用的数量可以从几个到几百个不等。
preservative 美 /prɪ'zɝvətɪv/	A preservative is a chemical that prevents things from decaying. Some preservatives are added to food, and others are used to treat wood or metal. 防腐剂	The preservative used is usually ethylene glycol or propylene glycol,as alcohol will evaporate quickly and the traps will dry out.通常使用的防腐剂是乙二醇或丙二醇**，因为酒精会迅速蒸发，捕集器也会干燥。
ethylene 美 /'ɛθɪlin/	n. 乙烯
propylene美 /'propəlin/	n. [有化] 丙烯（等于propene）
glycol美 /'glaɪkol/	n. 乙二醇；甘醇；二羟基醇