单向DBLINK导表存储过程SP_DB
应用场景
有2个 ORACLE 数据库，分别为 数据库A 和 数据库B ，可以在 数据库A 建立 数据库B 的 DBLINK ，但是出于安全，禁止在 数据库B 建立 数据库A 的 DBLINK 。在这种情况，需要实现从 数据库A 向 数据库B 导表，并且 索引 ， 备注 ， 主键约束 需要一同导过去。
存储过程实现
- 以 sys 用户作为 sysdba 登录 数据库B ，在 数据库B中 创建一个 tool（这里用以tool为例） 用户，赋予建连接、建表、建视图、建存储过程、查询表 的权限；
--建立tool用户，密码为tool13579
CREATE USER "TOOL" IDENTIFIED BY "tool13579"
--默认表空间为 TS_ALLCOM_DATA ，这里根据实际情况设置默认表空间
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "TS_ALLCOM_DATA"
--表空间限额
QUOTA 100G ON "TS_ALLCOM_DATA";
--授权
GRANT CREATE SESSION,CREATE ANY TABLE,CREATE ANY VIEW,CREATE ANY PROCEDURE,SELECT ANY TABLE TO tool;
- 以 tool 用户登录 数据库B ；
- 创建存储过程 droptable ，该存储过程是用来删除表的；
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE droptable (
tablename VARCHAR2
)
AS
num NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT
COUNT(1)
INTO num
FROM user_tables
WHERE table_name = upper(tablename);
IF num <> 0 THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE "' || upper(tablename) || '"';
END IF;
END;
/
- 创建 dropview 存储过程，该存储过程是用来删除视图的；
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE dropview (
viewname VARCHAR2
)
AS
num NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT
COUNT(1)
INTO num
FROM user_views
WHERE view_name = upper(viewname);
IF num <> 0 THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP VIEW "' || upper(viewname) || '"';
END IF;
END;
/
- 创建 dropindex 存储过程，该存储过程是用来删除索引的；
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE dropindex (
indexname VARCHAR2
)
AS
num NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT
COUNT(1)
INTO num
FROM user_indexes
WHERE index_name = upper(indexname);
IF num <> 0 THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP INDEX "' || upper(indexname) || '"';
END IF;
END;
/
- 创建 createobject 存储过程，该存储过程用来执行CREATE动作的动态SQL；
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE createobject(create_sql VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
--这里只允许create动作，不允许其他动态sql
IF substr(upper(REPLACE(REPLACE(create_sql,chr(10),''),chr(32),'')),1,6) <> 'CREATE' THEN
raise_application_error(-20200,'请检查CREATE动作是否正确！');
END IF;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE create_sql;
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('执行语句出错，请检查CREATE语句是否正确，注意最后不需要分号！');
END;
/
- 创建 commentobject 存储过程，该存储过程用来执行加备注的动态SQL；
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE commentobject(comment_sql VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
--这里只允许COMMENTON动作，不允许其他动态sql
IF substr(upper(REPLACE(REPLACE(comment_sql,chr(10),''),chr(32),'')),1,9) <> 'COMMENTON' THEN
raise_application_error(-20200,'请检查COMMENT动作是否正确！');
END IF;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE comment_sql;
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('执行语句出错，请检查COMMENT语句是否正确，注意最后不需要分号！');
END;
/
- 创建 alterobject 存储过程，该存储过程用来执行alter动作的动态SQL；
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE alterobject(alter_sql VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
--这里只允许ALTER动作，不允许其他动态sql
IF substr(upper(REPLACE(REPLACE(alter_sql,chr(10),''),chr(32),'')),1,5) <> 'ALTER' THEN
raise_application_error(-20200,'请检查ALTER动作是否正确！');
END IF;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE alter_sql;
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('执行语句出错，请检查建表语句是否正确，注意最后不需要分号！');
END;
/
- 以同样的方式在 数据库A 创建 tool （以此为例）用户并登陆；
- 建立 数据库B 的DBLINK;
--这里的“数据库连接串”根据实际情况填写
CREATE DATABASE LINK dblink_a
CONNECT TO tool IDENTIFIED BY tool13579
USING '数据库连接串'
- 创建序列 seq_tmp_db ;
CREATE SEQUENCE seq_tmp_db;
- 创建 droptable 存储过程；
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE droptable (
tablename VARCHAR2
)
AS
num NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT
COUNT(1)
INTO num
FROM user_tables
WHERE table_name = upper(tablename);
IF num <> 0 THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE "' || upper(tablename) || '"';
END IF;
END;
/
- 创建 sp_db 存储过程,存储过程参数的默认值根据实际情况定；
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_db(
tname VARCHAR2, --表名
owner_1 VARCHAR2, --属主1，要导表的属主
tname_new VARCHAR2 := NULL, --导表后若需改名，新名称
dblinkname VARCHAR2 := 'DBLINK_A', --dblink名称
owner_2 VARCHAR2 := 'TOOL', --dblink属主
lx VARCHAR2 := 'TABLE' --TABLE OR VIEW
)
/*
若数据库之间存在编码差异，请先扩大相关字段的长度后再导表
导表导到dblink的属主的默认表空间
导视图是指 导“建视图的语句”
如果实际是传参是视图名，但是类型参数是表类型，则导过去后是导表时查出的那个视图的所有数据，导过去后是表
*/
IS
v_sql VARCHAR2(32767);
p_tname VARCHAR2(100) := upper(tname);
p_owner_1 VARCHAR2(100) := upper(owner_1);
p_owner_2 VARCHAR2(100) := upper(owner_2);
p_dblinkname VARCHAR2(100) := upper(dblinkname);
p_tname_new VARCHAR2(100) := upper(tname_new);
p_user VARCHAR2(100); --当前登录用户
p_pk_cons_name VARCHAR2(100); --主键名称
p_pk_cons_col VARCHAR2(200); --主键列
table_name VARCHAR2(100);
existbj NUMBER;
p_dbid NUMBER := seq_tmp_db.nextval;
comments_clname all_col_comments.column_name%TYPE;
comments_cmname all_col_comments.comments%TYPE;
pkbj VARCHAR2(30); --是否有主键约束
create_sql VARCHAR2(32767); --建表语句
p_tspace VARCHAR2(30); --表空间
errorbj NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
--判断导表类型是否正确
IF lx NOT IN ('TABLE','VIEW') THEN
raise_application_error(-20200,'类型参数错误，类型只能是TABLE或VIEW!');
END IF;
--判断属主1是否存在
SELECT
COUNT(1)
INTO existbj
FROM all_users
WHERE username = p_owner_1;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20201,'表属主不存在，请检查属主是否输入正确!');
END IF;
--当前登录用户
p_user := USER;
--检查dblink是否存在
SELECT
COUNT(1)
INTO existbj
FROM all_db_links
WHERE owner IN (p_user,'PUBLIC')
AND db_link = p_dblinkname;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20203,'远程连接名无效！请检查远程连接名称是否正确！');
END IF;
--检查dblink的属主是否存在
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
SELECT
COUNT(1)
FROM all_users@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["
WHERE username = ']' || p_owner_2 || q'['
]' INTO existbj;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20204,'dblink的属主存在！');
END IF;
--检查导入的属主是否存在
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
SELECT
COUNT(1)
FROM all_users@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["
WHERE username = ']' || p_owner_2 || q'['
]' INTO existbj;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20205,'导入表的属主不存在！');
END IF;
--检查createobject存储过程是否存在
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
SELECT
COUNT(1)
FROM all_objects@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["
WHERE object_name = 'CREATEOBJECT'
AND object_type = 'PROCEDURE'
AND owner = ']' || p_owner_2 || q'['
]' INTO existbj;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20206,'导入库的CREATEOBJECT存储过程不存在！');
END IF;
--检查droptable存储过程是否存在
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
SELECT
COUNT(1)
FROM all_objects@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["
WHERE object_name = 'DROPTABLE'
AND object_type = 'PROCEDURE'
AND owner = ']' || p_owner_2 || q'['
]' INTO existbj;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20207,'导入库的DROPTABLE存储过程不存在！');
END IF;
--检查dropview存储过程是否存在
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
SELECT
COUNT(1)
FROM all_objects@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["
WHERE object_name = 'DROPVIEW'
AND object_type = 'PROCEDURE'
AND owner = ']' || p_owner_2 || q'['
]' INTO existbj;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20208,'导入库的DROPVIEW存储过程不存在！');
END IF;
--检查alterobject存储过程是否存在
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
SELECT
COUNT(1)
FROM all_objects@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["
WHERE object_name = 'ALTEROBJECT'
AND object_type = 'PROCEDURE'
AND owner = ']' || p_owner_2 || q'['
]' INTO existbj;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20209,'导入库的ALTEROBJECT存储过程不存在！');
END IF;
--检查commentobject存储过程是否存在
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
SELECT
COUNT(1)
FROM all_objects@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["
WHERE object_name = 'COMMENTOBJECT'
AND object_type = 'PROCEDURE'
AND owner = ']' || p_owner_2 || q'['
]' INTO existbj;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20210,'导入库的COMMENTOBJECT存储过程不存在！');
END IF;
--检查dropindex存储过程是否存在
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
SELECT
COUNT(1)
FROM all_objects@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["
WHERE object_name = 'DROPINDEX'
AND object_type = 'PROCEDURE'
AND owner = ']' || p_owner_2 || q'['
]' INTO existbj;
IF existbj = 0 THEN
raise_application_error(-20211,'导入库的DROPINDEX存储过程不存在！');
END IF;
--处理新建表表名
IF tname_new IS NULL THEN
table_name := p_tname;
ELSE
table_name := p_tname_new;
END IF;
--提示 “若存在相同表名或视图名，将会被覆盖！”，可以在这里做备份
--这里暂时没做备份处理
dbms_output.put_line('若存在相同表名或视图名，将会被覆盖！');
dbms_output.put_line('导表开始：' || to_char(SYSDATE,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'));
--删除已存在的同名表
v_sql := q'[
CALL droptable@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["(']' || table_name || q'[')
]';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
--删除已存在的同名视图
v_sql := q'[
CALL dropview@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["(']' || table_name || q'[')
]';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
IF lx = 'TABLE' THEN
--获取建表语句
droptable('DB_' || p_dbid || '_TMP');
v_sql := q'[
CREATE TABLE DB_]' || p_dbid || q'[_TMP AS SELECT * FROM "]' || p_owner_1 || q'["."]' || p_tname || q'[" WHERE 1 = 2
]';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
--表空间
SELECT tablespace_name
INTO p_tspace
FROM all_tables
WHERE owner = p_user
AND table_name = q'[DB_]' || p_dbid || q'[_TMP]';
--建表语句 默认表空间 不设置表空间
SELECT
REPLACE(
REPLACE(
dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE',q'[DB_]' || p_dbid || q'[_TMP]'),
'"' || p_user || '"."DB_' || p_dbid || '_TMP"','"' || p_owner_2 || '"."' || table_name || '"'
),'TABLESPACE "' || p_tspace || '"',''
)
INTO create_sql
FROM dual;
--删除临时表
droptable('DB_' || p_dbid || '_TMP');
--建表
v_sql := q'[
CALL createobject@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["(q'/]' || create_sql || q'[/')
]';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
--主键约束
BEGIN
SELECT
MAX(constraint_name)
INTO pkbj
FROM all_cons_columns
WHERE table_name = p_tname
AND owner = p_owner_1;
IF pkbj IS NOT NULL THEN
SELECT
constraint_name,
listagg('"'||column_name||'"',',')within GROUP(ORDER BY position)
INTO p_pk_cons_name,p_pk_cons_col
FROM all_cons_columns
WHERE table_name = p_tname AND owner = p_owner_1
GROUP BY constraint_name;
--解决命名冲突问题（只能解决一次）
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
SELECT
COUNT(1)
FROM all_constraints@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["
WHERE constraint_name = ']' || p_pk_cons_name || q'['
AND owner = ']' || p_owner_2 || q'['
]' INTO existbj;
IF existbj > 0 THEN
p_pk_cons_name := '"PK_' || p_pk_cons_name || '"';
ELSE
p_pk_cons_name := '"' || p_pk_cons_name || '"';
END IF;
v_sql := q'[
ALTER TABLE "]' || p_owner_2 || q'["."]' || table_name || q'[" ADD CONSTRAINT ]' || p_pk_cons_name || q'[ PRIMARY KEY (]' || p_pk_cons_col || q'[)
]';
v_sql := q'[
CALL alterobject@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["(q'/]' || v_sql || q'[/')
]';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
END IF;
--主键约束出现问题不影响导表，不做处理
--错误标记加1
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
errorbj := errorbj + 1;
END;
--备注信息
FOR i IN (
SELECT
column_name comments_clname,
comments comments_cmname
FROM all_col_comments
WHERE owner = p_owner_1
AND table_name = p_tname
AND comments IS NOT NULL
) LOOP
BEGIN
v_sql := q'[
COMMENT ON COLUMN "]' || p_owner_2 || q'["."]' || table_name || q'["."]' || i.comments_clname || q'[" IS ']' || i.comments_cmname || q'['
]';
v_sql := q'[
CALL commentobject@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["(q'/]' || v_sql || q'[/')
]';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
--备注信息出现问题不影响导表，不做处理
--错误标记加1
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
errorbj := errorbj + 1;
END;
END LOOP;
--索引信息
FOR i IN (
SELECT index_name,uniqueness,column_name FROM (
SELECT owner,index_name,index_type,table_owner,table_name,uniqueness,tablespace_name,
listagg(column_name,',')within GROUP(ORDER BY column_position) column_name
FROM (
SELECT a.owner,'"'||a.index_name||'"' index_name,a.index_type,a.table_owner,a.table_name,a.uniqueness,'"'||b.column_name||'"' column_name,a.tablespace_name,b.column_position
FROM all_indexes a, all_ind_columns b
WHERE a.owner = b.index_owner AND a.index_name = b.index_name AND a.table_owner = p_owner_1 AND a.table_name = p_tname)
GROUP BY owner,index_name,index_type,table_owner,table_name,uniqueness,tablespace_name)
WHERE index_name NOT IN (SELECT constraint_name FROM all_cons_columns WHERE table_name = p_tname AND owner = p_owner_1)
) LOOP
BEGIN
--如果是唯一索引
IF i.uniqueness = 'UNIQUE' THEN
v_sql := q'[
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "]' || p_owner_2 || q'[".]' || i.index_name || q'[ ON "]' || p_owner_2 || q'["."]' || table_name || q'[" (]' || i.column_name || q'[)
]';
ELSE
v_sql := q'[
CREATE INDEX "]' || p_owner_2 || q'[".]' || i.index_name || q'[ ON "]' || p_owner_2 || q'["."]' || table_name || q'[" (]' || i.column_name || q'[)
]';
END IF;
v_sql := q'[
CALL createobject@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["(q'/]' || v_sql || q'[/')
]';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE q'[
CALL dropindex@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["(q'/]' || i.index_name || q'[/')
]';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
--索引信息出现问题不影响导表，不做处理
--错误标记加1
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
errorbj := errorbj + 1;
END;
END LOOP;
--开始插入数据
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE '
INSERT INTO "' || p_owner_2 || '"."' || table_name || '"@"' || p_dblinkname || '" SELECT * FROM "' || p_owner_1 || '"."' || p_tname || '"';
COMMIT;
dbms_output.put_line('导表成功：' || to_char(SYSDATE,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
dbms_output.put_line('数据导入失败!');
dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
END;
ELSIF lx = 'VIEW' THEN
BEGIN
--获取建视图语句
SELECT text
INTO create_sql
FROM all_views
WHERE view_name = p_tname
AND owner = p_owner_1;
create_sql := q'[CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW "]' || table_name || q'[" AS ]' || create_sql;
v_sql := q'[
CALL createobject@"]' || p_dblinkname || q'["(q'/]' || create_sql || q'[/')
]';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
dbms_output.put_line('导视图成功：' || to_char(SYSDATE,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'));
EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('导视图失败：' || SQLERRM || '-' || SQLCODE);
END;
END IF;
dbms_output.put_line('导表期间发生无关错误数：' || errorbj);
END;
/
- 存储过程 sp_db 授权给其他用户（这里以apl为例）使用；
GRANT EXECUTE,DEBUG ON sp_db TO apl;
测试
- 打开命令窗口；
SQL> set serverout on
- 当数据库之间存在编码差异时，执行存储过程，这是可能数据长度就够了，就需要在导表前扩大表中字段的长度，如果VARCHAR2的最大值都不够，建议转成 CLOB 类型；
SQL> EXEC sp_db('yb_59791_qd_bdbhs','apl');
- 当数据库之间编码一致时，执行存储过程；
SQL> EXEC sp_db('yb_59791_qd_bdbhs','apl',dblinkname => 'callfund_tool',owner_2 => 'TOOL');
- 创建视图 tmp；
CREATE VIEW tmp AS
SELECT 1 ID FROM dual;
- 导视图 tmp；
SQL> EXEC sp_db('tmp',USER,lx => 'VIEW');
