d2cae3ddaa9a58e5a26cfb22c03dadf1.jpeg
在宿主机常见dockerfile文件，内容如下：
FROM centos
VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer1","/dataVolumeContainer2"]
CMD echo "finished,--------success1"
CMD /bin/bash
根据上面的dockerfile创建一个镜像
docker build -f dockerFile1 -t cjxz/centos .
命令描述：
-f：表示dockerfile文件的路径
-t：标签
. : 表示使用当前路径
使用docker images查看生成的镜像
[root@VM-0-4-centos _data]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
cjxz/centos latest 12acdfb72421 42 minutes ago 231MB
使用docker run -it cjxz/centos启动容器。然后在容器下面指定的文件创建一个文件。操作如下
docker run cjxz/centos
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
cd dataVolumeContainer1
echo '1234567' > 1.txt
exit
我们刚才创建的1.txt就会出现在dataVolumeContainer1下面，那么容器里面dataVolumeContainer1和dataVolumeContainer2在宿主机的什么地方呢？我们可以使用docker inspect 容器id就能够看到容器的详细配置情况
[
{
"Id": "3b2cf0472efe5be37e47efe842a35ccd1b1f0662bd8b43f11c4737205e6ee44c",
"Created": "2022-04-29T08:58:26.576698568Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"/bin/bash"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 20600,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-04-29T09:07:32.049652599Z",
"FinishedAt": "2022-04-29T09:07:03.125381894Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:12acdfb724210565489b728cb8f3497221913b20d2642374b56e818e7c99e700",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b2cf0472efe5be37e47efe842a35ccd1b1f0662bd8b43f11c4737205e6ee44c/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b2cf0472efe5be37e47efe842a35ccd1b1f0662bd8b43f11c4737205e6ee44c/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b2cf0472efe5be37e47efe842a35ccd1b1f0662bd8b43f11c4737205e6ee44c/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3b2cf0472efe5be37e47efe842a35ccd1b1f0662bd8b43f11c4737205e6ee44c/3b2cf0472efe5be37e47efe842a35ccd1b1f0662bd8b43f11c4737205e6ee44c-json.log",
"Name": "/compassionate_bhabha",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4a59ea89f28a7fdf64b7a73700be3815902d613984812a5510c7ed082cca713b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e48984b9b0e8671ffa4e5f09fe9bafeb94602fca6b187498b51698dc8506c1c0/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4a59ea89f28a7fdf64b7a73700be3815902d613984812a5510c7ed082cca713b/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4a59ea89f28a7fdf64b7a73700be3815902d613984812a5510c7ed082cca713b/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4a59ea89f28a7fdf64b7a73700be3815902d613984812a5510c7ed082cca713b/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "51256c6cca173c230b155a0bea5b2426e44858f67c5eb4ebd6e7f0768381d371",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/51256c6cca173c230b155a0bea5b2426e44858f67c5eb4ebd6e7f0768381d371/_data",
"Destination": "/dataVolumeContainer1",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
},
{
"Type": "volume",
"Name": "462a7ce975600a006426c1d7c6677c55a575aaf13e8954f5f82d19411d071798",
"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/462a7ce975600a006426c1d7c6677c55a575aaf13e8954f5f82d19411d071798/_data",
"Destination": "/dataVolumeContainer2",
"Driver": "local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": ""
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "3b2cf0472efe",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "cjxz/centos",
"Volumes": {
"/dataVolumeContainer1": {},
"/dataVolumeContainer2": {}
},
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "859fe47d8ae07eeb0d5de5a25a465a00aa8a70fe000705475c8f993adf5c5676",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/859fe47d8ae0",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "d70a10daa20d5e357a1a668e4380ee5724513c39b944d81cd9fd8eee5f629038",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "c992944e87220f17d7475ac7a643a4fc61bc85aa89ca91d0418c41d12a1f8b47",
"EndpointID": "d70a10daa20d5e357a1a668e4380ee5724513c39b944d81cd9fd8eee5f629038",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.4",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@VM-0-4-centos _data]#
找到Mounts节点，就能够看到容器中目录挂载到宿主机上面的哪个目录。我们主机挂载到了/var/lib/docker/volumes/51256c6cca173c230b155a0bea5b2426e44858f67c5eb4ebd6e7f0768381d371/_data下面。现在使用cd命令，查看之前创建的1.txt是否已经在该目录下面。
关于dockerfile的功能，我们后面再说