Lifecycle简介
官方简介如此:
Lifecycle-aware components perform actions in response to a change in the lifecycle status of another component, such as activities and fragments. These components help you produce better-organized, and often lighter-weight code, that is easier to maintain.
生命周期感知组件可以响应另一个组件生命周期的变化(例如Activity和Fragment的生命周期状态更改)。 这些(实现了Lifecycle的)组件可帮助你构建组织性更好、更轻、更易于维护的代码。
听起来很强大吧,先来来看看使用效果吧。
Lifecycle网络回调示例
常规RxJava&Retrofit网络回调:
@Deprecated
private void getData(){
new MyApi().getGankMeizhi(20)
.subscribe(new OldObserver() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
//需记录然后手动释放该Disposable。
}
@Override
public void onNext(GankMeizhi gankMeizhi) {
//需判断是否可以安全地执行UI刷新。
if (isFinishing()){
return;
}
if (!gankMeizhi.error) {
mMyAdapter.refreshData(gankMeizhi);
}
}
});
}
实现了Lifecycle的RxJava&Retrofit网络安全回调:
private void getDataSafe() {
new MyApi().getGankMeizhi(20)
.subscribe(new SafeObserver(getLifecycle()) {
@Override
public void onNext(GankMeizhi gankMeizhi) {
//可以安全地执行UI操作。
if (!gankMeizhi.error) {
mMyAdapter.refreshData(gankMeizhi);
}
}
});
}
可以发现,结合Lifecycle,回调不仅简洁,而且更为安全。Lifecycle可以让开发者更专注地实现功能而非小心翼翼地做生命周期判断。
如何实现
首先,我们Lifecycle库引入到项目。在app模块build.gradle文件dependencies内添加以下代码即可:
// Java8 support for Lifecycles
implementation 'android.arch.lifecycle:common-java8:1.1.1'
接着,我们为自定义的RxObserver实现LifecycleObserver接口:
import android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle;
import android.arch.lifecycle.LifecycleObserver;
import android.arch.lifecycle.OnLifecycleEvent;
import android.util.Log;
import io.reactivex.Observer;
import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable;
/**
* 一个生命周期安全的RxObserver。
* Created on 2018/4/18.
*
* @author ice
*/
public abstract class SafeObserver implements LifecycleObserver, Observer {
public static final String TAG = "SafeObserver";
private Lifecycle mLifecycle;
private Disposable mDisposable;
/*不传入Lifecycle,手动管理该Observer的生命周期*/
public SafeObserver() {
//unSafe
}
/*传入Lifecycle,自动保证回调安全*/
public SafeObserver(Lifecycle lifecycle) {
//lifecycle safe.
mLifecycle = lifecycle;
}
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
mDisposable = d;
if (mLifecycle != null)
mLifecycle.addObserver(this); //加入到lifecycle观察者。
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
onEnd();
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
onEnd();
}
protected void onEnd() {
Log.i(TAG, "onEnd");
onDisPose(); //RxObserver结束后自动释放。
}
/*释放Rx观察者(在Lifecycle的ON_DESTROY事件发生时会自动调用该方法)*/
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
public void onDisPose() {
Log.i(TAG, "dispose");
if (mLifecycle != null)
mLifecycle.removeObserver(this);//解除与lifecycle的绑定。
if (mDisposable != null && !mDisposable.isDisposed())
mDisposable.dispose();
}
}
然后,我们需要为Activity(或Fragment)实现LifecycleOwner接口(AppCompatActivity与v4Fragment已实现)。
我们需要在Activity(或Fragment)生命周期中处理Lifecycle事件(在Base类里做一次即可,2018年8月补充:高版本的buildTools已经不需要手动处理):
//AppCompatActivity与v4Fragment自带LifecycleRegistry,所以通过强转获取即可。
protected LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = (LifecycleRegistry) getLifecycle();
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//...
handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME);
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE);
super.onPause();
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP);
super.onStop();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY);
super.onDestroy();
}
public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
mLifecycleRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(event);
}
好了,大功告成!这样一来,订阅该lifecycle的观察者(比如前面的SafeObserver)就能接收到该lifecycle对应Activity(或Fragment)生命周期的回调了。
相关资料
本文Demo: LifecyclePractice
使用了Lifecycle的一个轻图文App: Now
Lifecycle官方文档: Handling Lifecycles with Lifecycle-Aware Components