【DRF配置管理】如何使用序列化:验证码、注册和登录

原文作者：我辈李想
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DRF应用和管理

【DRF配置管理】Django安装DRF框架并生成openapi风格文档
【DRF配置管理】如何实现JWT身份验证
【DRF配置管理】如何使用序列化:验证码、注册和登录
【DRF配置管理】如何结合ORM实现排序、模糊搜索、范围查询
【DRF配置管理】如何在视图类使用get_objects()
【DRF配置管理】如何实现RBAC页面菜单和按钮权限
【DRF配置管理】如何建立coreapi风格api接口文档
【DRF配置管理】如何建立swagger风格api接口文档

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前言

通常使用drf框架，都会使用序列化能力，尤其是ModelSerializer序列化。通过序列化我们可以实现字段的验证、文档的注释、异常获取等。

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一、drf序列化

1.serializer.py文件和样例

样例内容

class RegisterSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    """注册账户"""
    password = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    password2 = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
    code = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)

    default_error_messages = {
        "username_error": _('用户名必须以字母开头，且包含3~15个字母、数字'),
        "username_registered_error": _('用户名已存在'),
        'password_error': _('两次输入密码不一致'),
        "phone_error": _('手机号格式有误，请重填'),
        "phone_registered_error": _('手机号已注册'),
        'code_error': _('验证码不正确'),
        "email_error": _('电子邮箱格式有误，请重填'),
        "email_registered_error": _('邮箱已注册'),
    }

    class Meta:
        model = LoginUser
        fields = ['username', 'phone', 'password', 'password2', 'code']

    def validate_username(self, username):
        """单字段验证:名字"""
        # 1.用户名格式
        if not re.match(r'^[a-zA-z]\w{2,15}$', username):
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['username_error'])
        # 2.用户名是否存在
        if LoginUser.objects.filter(username=username).exists():
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['username_registered_error'])
        return username

    def validate_phone(self, phone):
        """单字段验证:手机号"""
        # 1.验证手机号码是否合法
        rs = r'^([+]?0?\d{2,3}-?|\([+]?0?\d{2,3}\)|\([+]?0?\d{2,3}\))?\d+$|^([+]?0?\d{2,3}-?|\([+]?0?\d{2,3}\)|\([+]?0?\d{2,3}\))?[1-9]\d{4,10}(-\d{1,10})?$'
        if not re.match(r'1[0-9]\d{9}$', str(phone)) and not re.match(rs, str(phone)):
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['phone_error'])
        # 2.手机是否注册
        if LoginUser.objects.filter(phone=str(phone)).exists():
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['phone_registered_error'])
        return phone

    # def validate_code(self, code):
    #     """单字段验证:验证码"""
    #     phone =
    #     if cache.has_key(phone):
    #         old_code = cache.get(phone)
    #         print(str(code))
    #         print(1111)
    #         print(str(old_code))
    #         if str(old_code) != str(code):
    #             raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['code_error'])

    def validate_email(self, email):
        """单字段验证:邮箱"""
        # 1.邮箱格式
        rs = '^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+)*)|(".+"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$'
        if not re.match(rs, email):
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['email_error'])
        # 2.邮箱是否存在
        if LoginUser.objects.filter(email=email).exists():
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['email_registered_error'])
        return email

    def validate(self, attrs):
        """组合字段验证"""
        password = attrs.get('password')
        password2 = attrs.get('password2')
        if password and password2 and password != password2:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['password_error'])
        attrs['password'] = make_password(attrs['password2'])  # 还可以通过重写create方法加密密码
        # 验证码
        phone = attrs.get('phone')
        code = attrs.get('code')
        if cache.has_key(phone):
            old_code = cache.get(phone)
            if str(old_code) != str(code):
                raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['code_error'])
        else:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['code_error'])
        del attrs['password2']
        del attrs['code']
        return attrs

2.字段系列化

1.ModelSerializer序列化

	class RegisterSerializer(ModelSerializer):
	    """注册账户"""
	    password = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
	    password2 = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)
	    code = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
	
	    class Meta:
	        model = LoginUser
	        fields = ['username', 'phone', 'password', 'password2', 'code']

2.serializers序列化

使用serializers时，必须重写create和update方法

class BitableRecordsSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    email = serializers.EmailField()
    content = serializers.CharField(max_length=200)
    created = serializers.DateTimeField()

    def create(self, validated_data):
        return True

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        instance.email = validated_data.get('email', instance.email)
        instance.content = validated_data.get('content', instance.content)
        instance.created = validated_data.get('created', instance.created)
        return instance

3.错误验证信息和国际化

    default_error_messages = {
        "username_error": _('用户名必须以字母开头，且包含3~15个字母、数字'),
        "username_registered_error": _('用户名已存在'),
        'password_error': _('两次输入密码不一致'),
        "phone_error": _('手机号格式有误，请重填'),
        "phone_registered_error": _('手机号已注册'),
        'code_error': _('验证码不正确'),
        "email_error": _('电子邮箱格式有误，请重填'),
        "email_registered_error": _('邮箱已注册'),
    }

4.Meta参数

class Meta:
    model = LoginUser
    fields = ['username', 'phone', 'password', 'password2', 'code']
    read_only_fields = ['pic_id',]
	# extra_kwargs = {'password': {'write_only': True}}

5.验证

第一种：序列化字段验证

password = serializers.CharField(write_only=True)

第二种：单字段方法验证

    def validate_email(self, email):
        """单字段验证:邮箱"""
        # 1.邮箱格式
        rs = '^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+)*)|(".+"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$'
        if not re.match(rs, email):
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['email_error'])
        # 2.邮箱是否存在
        if LoginUser.objects.filter(email=email).exists():
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['email_registered_error'])
        return email

第三种：组合字段方法验证

    def validate(self, attrs):
        """组合字段验证"""
        password = attrs.get('password')
        password2 = attrs.get('password2')
        if password and password2 and password != password2:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['password_error'])
        attrs['password'] = make_password(attrs['password2'])  # 还可以通过重写create方法加密密码
        # 验证码
        phone = attrs.get('phone')
        code = attrs.get('code')
        if cache.has_key(phone):
            old_code = cache.get(phone)
            if str(old_code) != str(code):
                raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['code_error'])
        else:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(self.error_messages['code_error'])
        del attrs['password2']
        del attrs['code']
        return attrs