DataX 3.0 在Windows下基于MySQL做数据迁移示例
在 Windows 安装 Datax：
Datax 官网：https://github.com/alibaba/DataX
环境要求：
1：JDK（1.8以上，推荐1.8，并配置好环境变量）
2：Python（网上推荐Python2.7.X，本人Python3.10亲测没问题。并配置好环境变量）
3：Maven（建议不低于maven3.5，并配置好环境变量）
Datax 安装：
1：下载地址：https://datax-opensource.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/202303/datax.tar.gz
2：下载后解压至本地某个目录，进入bin目录。我本地解压的路径（D:\datax）
测试Datax安装
执行cmd命令进入Datax下的bin目录。我Datax解压到 D:\datax，所以具体进入路径是 D:\datax\bin
cd D:\datax\bin
第一步先输入CHCP 65001命令防止控制台中文乱码，第二步再进行自检脚本命令
CHCP 65001
python .\datax.py ..\job\job.json
会得到如下结果：
DataX (DATAX-OPENSOURCE-3.0), From Alibaba !
Copyright (C) 2010-2017, Alibaba Group. All Rights Reserved.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.800 [main] INFO MessageSource - JVM TimeZone: GMT+08:00, Locale: zh_CN
2023-06-14 13:09:32.803 [main] INFO MessageSource - use Locale: zh_CN timeZone: sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo[id="GMT+08:00",offset=28800000,dstSavings=0,useDaylight=false,transitions=0,lastRule=null]
2023-06-14 13:09:32.813 [main] INFO VMInfo - VMInfo# operatingSystem class => sun.management.OperatingSystemImpl
2023-06-14 13:09:32.818 [main] INFO Engine - the machine info =>
osInfo: Oracle Corporation 1.8 25.361-b09
jvmInfo: Windows 10 amd64 10.0
cpu num: 8
totalPhysicalMemory: -0.00G
freePhysicalMemory: -0.00G
maxFileDescriptorCount: -1
currentOpenFileDescriptorCount: -1
GC Names [PS MarkSweep, PS Scavenge]
MEMORY_NAME | allocation_size | init_size
PS Eden Space | 256.00MB | 256.00MB
Code Cache | 240.00MB | 2.44MB
Compressed Class Space | 1,024.00MB | 0.00MB
PS Survivor Space | 42.50MB | 42.50MB
PS Old Gen | 683.00MB | 683.00MB
Metaspace | -0.00MB | 0.00MB
2023-06-14 13:09:32.828 [main] INFO Engine -
{
"setting":{
"speed":{
"channel":1
},
"errorLimit":{
"record":0,
"percentage":0.02
}
},
"content":[
{
"reader":{
"name":"streamreader",
"parameter":{
"column":[
{
"value":"DataX",
"type":"string"
},
{
"value":19890604,
"type":"long"
},
{
"value":"1989-06-04 00:00:00",
"type":"date"
},
{
"value":true,
"type":"bool"
},
{
"value":"test",
"type":"bytes"
}
],
"sliceRecordCount":100000
}
},
"writer":{
"name":"streamwriter",
"parameter":{
"print":false,
"encoding":"UTF-8"
}
}
}
]
}
2023-06-14 13:09:32.846 [main] INFO PerfTrace - PerfTrace traceId=job_-1, isEnable=false
2023-06-14 13:09:32.846 [main] INFO JobContainer - DataX jobContainer starts job.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.847 [main] INFO JobContainer - Set jobId = 0
2023-06-14 13:09:32.863 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - jobContainer starts to do prepare ...
2023-06-14 13:09:32.864 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Reader.Job [streamreader] do prepare work .
2023-06-14 13:09:32.864 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Writer.Job [streamwriter] do prepare work .
2023-06-14 13:09:32.864 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - jobContainer starts to do split ...
2023-06-14 13:09:32.865 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - Job set Channel-Number to 1 channels.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.865 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Reader.Job [streamreader] splits to [1] tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.865 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Writer.Job [streamwriter] splits to [1] tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.889 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - jobContainer starts to do schedule ...
2023-06-14 13:09:32.892 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - Scheduler starts [1] taskGroups.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.893 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - Running by standalone Mode.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.900 [taskGroup-0] INFO TaskGroupContainer - taskGroupId=[0] start [1] channels for [1] tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.904 [taskGroup-0] INFO Channel - Channel set byte_speed_limit to -1, No bps activated.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.904 [taskGroup-0] INFO Channel - Channel set record_speed_limit to -1, No tps activated.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.913 [taskGroup-0] INFO TaskGroupContainer - taskGroup[0] taskId[0] attemptCount[1] is started
2023-06-14 13:09:33.240 [taskGroup-0] INFO TaskGroupContainer - taskGroup[0] taskId[0] is successed, used[328]ms
2023-06-14 13:09:33.241 [taskGroup-0] INFO TaskGroupContainer - taskGroup[0] completed it's tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.913 [job-0] INFO StandAloneJobContainerCommunicator - Total 100000 records, 2600000 bytes | Speed 253.91KB/s, 10000 records/s | Error 0 records, 0 bytes | All Task WaitWriterTime 0.018s | All Task WaitReaderTime 0.026s | Percentage 100.00%
2023-06-14 13:09:42.914 [job-0] INFO AbstractScheduler - Scheduler accomplished all tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.914 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Writer.Job [streamwriter] do post work.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.914 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Reader.Job [streamreader] do post work.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.915 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX jobId [0] completed successfully.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.915 [job-0] INFO HookInvoker - No hook invoked, because base dir not exists or is a file: D:\datax\hook
2023-06-14 13:09:42.917 [job-0] INFO JobContainer -
[total cpu info] =>
averageCpu | maxDeltaCpu | minDeltaCpu
-1.00% | -1.00% | -1.00%
[total gc info] =>
NAME | totalGCCount | maxDeltaGCCount | minDeltaGCCount | totalGCTime | maxDeltaGCTime | minDeltaGCTime
PS MarkSweep | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.000s | 0.000s | 0.000s
PS Scavenge | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.000s | 0.000s | 0.000s
2023-06-14 13:09:42.917 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - PerfTrace not enable!
2023-06-14 13:09:42.917 [job-0] INFO StandAloneJobContainerCommunicator - Total 100000 records, 2600000 bytes | Speed 253.91KB/s, 10000 records/s | Error 0 records, 0 bytes | All Task WaitWriterTime 0.018s | All Task WaitReaderTime 0.026s | Percentage 100.00%
2023-06-14 13:09:42.918 [job-0] INFO JobContainer -
任务启动时刻 : 2023-06-14 13:09:32
任务结束时刻 : 2023-06-14 13:09:42
任务总计耗时 : 10s
任务平均流量 : 253.91KB/s
记录写入速度 : 10000rec/s
读出记录总数 : 100000
读写失败总数 : 0到此，安装完毕。
数据迁移：
MySQL_A 数据库 对 MySQL_B数据库 做数据迁移示例：
MySQL_A 和 MySQL_B 需要提前有相同的数据库表、字段、和字段类型。（如果是其它数据库之间的数据对接，请大家自行百度各数据库之间数据类型映射关系。）
题外话：这里简单的列举下MySQL和达梦数据库的数据类型映射关系，大家仅供参考
| MySQL 数据类型 | 达梦数据库数据类型 |
|---|---|
| INT | INT |
| VARCHAR | VARCHAR |
| TEXT | CLOB |
| DATETIME | TIMESTAMP |
| DECIMAL | DECIMAL |
| TINYINT | SMALLINT |
回归正题，MySQL_A 和 MySQL_B 都需要有如下 sys_role 表：
CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id-主键 自增长',
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '角色名称',
`create_user_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '创建人id',
`create_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',
`update_user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改人id',
`update_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
`remark` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '备注',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
假设 MySQL_A 有如下数据，需要向B做数据迁移
开始用Datax做数据迁移：
1：进入到datax安装目录的job文件夹下，我的是在D:\datax\job
2：文件夹内有一个job示例文件，我们参考示例文件新建一个job，此处示例为新建 sys_role.json，文件内容如下：
{
"job": {
"content": [
{
"reader": {
"name": "mysqlreader", // 数据源读取插件名，使用MySQL作为数据源
"parameter": {
"username": "root", // MySQL用户名
"password": "root", // MySQL密码
"column": ["*"], // 需要读取的字段列表，这里表示读取所有字段
"connection": [
{
"jdbcUrl": ["jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Mysql_A"], // MySQL连接URL，指定要读取的数据库为Mysql_A
"table": ["sys_role"] // 要读取的表名为sys_role
}
]
}
},
"writer": {
"name": "mysqlwriter", // 数据目标写入插件名，使用MySQL作为数据目标
"parameter": {
"username": "root", // MySQL用户名
"password": "root", // MySQL密码
"column": ["*"], // 需要写入的字段列表，这里表示写入所有字段
"preSql": ["DELETE FROM sys_role"], // 在写入数据前执行的SQL语句，此处表示先删除sys_role表中的数据
"connection": [
{
"jdbcUrl": "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Mysql_B", // MySQL连接URL，指定要写入的数据库为Mysql_B
"table": ["sys_role"], // 要写入的表名为sys_role
"postSql": [], // 在写入数据后执行的SQL语句，此处为空
"column": ["id", "name", "create_user_id", "create_time","update_user_id", "update_time", "remark"] // 指定要写入的字段列表
}
]
}
}
}
],
"setting": {
"speed": {
"channel": 3 // 并发通道数，表示同时读取和写入的任务数
},
"errorLimit": {
"record": 0, // 允许的最大错误记录数，0表示不允许出现错误记录
"percentage": 0.02 // 允许的最大错误记录百分比，0.02表示最大允许2%的错误记录
}
}
}
}
3：执行如下命令，进行数据迁移
python ..\bin\datax.py .\sys_role.json
4：成功执行后的结果示例：
PS D:\datax\bin> python .\datax.py ..\job\job.json
DataX (DATAX-OPENSOURCE-3.0), From Alibaba !
Copyright (C) 2010-2017, Alibaba Group. All Rights Reserved.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.800 [main] INFO MessageSource - JVM TimeZone: GMT+08:00, Locale: zh_CN
2023-06-14 13:09:32.803 [main] INFO MessageSource - use Locale: zh_CN timeZone: sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo[id="GMT+08:00",offset=28800000,dstSavings=0,useDaylight=false,transitions=0,lastRule=null]
2023-06-14 13:09:32.813 [main] INFO VMInfo - VMInfo# operatingSystem class => sun.management.OperatingSystemImpl
2023-06-14 13:09:32.818 [main] INFO Engine - the machine info =>
osInfo: Oracle Corporation 1.8 25.361-b09
jvmInfo: Windows 10 amd64 10.0
cpu num: 8
totalPhysicalMemory: -0.00G
freePhysicalMemory: -0.00G
maxFileDescriptorCount: -1
currentOpenFileDescriptorCount: -1
GC Names [PS MarkSweep, PS Scavenge]
MEMORY_NAME | allocation_size | init_size
PS Eden Space | 256.00MB | 256.00MB
Code Cache | 240.00MB | 2.44MB
Compressed Class Space | 1,024.00MB | 0.00MB
PS Survivor Space | 42.50MB | 42.50MB
PS Old Gen | 683.00MB | 683.00MB
Metaspace | -0.00MB | 0.00MB
2023-06-14 13:09:32.828 [main] INFO Engine -
{
"setting":{
"speed":{
"channel":1
},
"errorLimit":{
"record":0,
"percentage":0.02
}
},
"content":[
{
"reader":{
"name":"streamreader",
"parameter":{
"column":[
{
"value":"DataX",
"type":"string"
},
{
"value":19890604,
"type":"long"
},
{
"value":"1989-06-04 00:00:00",
"type":"date"
},
{
"value":true,
"type":"bool"
},
{
"value":"test",
"type":"bytes"
}
],
"sliceRecordCount":100000
}
},
"writer":{
"name":"streamwriter",
"parameter":{
"print":false,
"encoding":"UTF-8"
}
}
}
]
}
2023-06-14 13:09:32.846 [main] INFO PerfTrace - PerfTrace traceId=job_-1, isEnable=false
2023-06-14 13:09:32.846 [main] INFO JobContainer - DataX jobContainer starts job.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.847 [main] INFO JobContainer - Set jobId = 0
2023-06-14 13:09:32.863 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - jobContainer starts to do prepare ...
2023-06-14 13:09:32.864 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Reader.Job [streamreader] do prepare work .
2023-06-14 13:09:32.864 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Writer.Job [streamwriter] do prepare work .
2023-06-14 13:09:32.864 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - jobContainer starts to do split ...
2023-06-14 13:09:32.865 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - Job set Channel-Number to 1 channels.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.865 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Reader.Job [streamreader] splits to [1] tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.865 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Writer.Job [streamwriter] splits to [1] tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.889 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - jobContainer starts to do schedule ...
2023-06-14 13:09:32.892 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - Scheduler starts [1] taskGroups.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.893 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - Running by standalone Mode.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.900 [taskGroup-0] INFO TaskGroupContainer - taskGroupId=[0] start [1] channels for [1] tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.904 [taskGroup-0] INFO Channel - Channel set byte_speed_limit to -1, No bps activated.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.904 [taskGroup-0] INFO Channel - Channel set record_speed_limit to -1, No tps activated.
2023-06-14 13:09:32.913 [taskGroup-0] INFO TaskGroupContainer - taskGroup[0] taskId[0] attemptCount[1] is started
2023-06-14 13:09:33.240 [taskGroup-0] INFO TaskGroupContainer - taskGroup[0] taskId[0] is successed, used[328]ms
2023-06-14 13:09:33.241 [taskGroup-0] INFO TaskGroupContainer - taskGroup[0] completed it's tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.913 [job-0] INFO StandAloneJobContainerCommunicator - Total 100000 records, 2600000 bytes | Speed 253.91KB/s, 10000 records/s | Error 0 records, 0 bytes | All Task WaitWriterTime 0.018s | All Task WaitReaderTime 0.026s | Percentage 100.00%
2023-06-14 13:09:42.914 [job-0] INFO AbstractScheduler - Scheduler accomplished all tasks.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.914 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Writer.Job [streamwriter] do post work.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.914 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX Reader.Job [streamreader] do post work.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.915 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - DataX jobId [0] completed successfully.
2023-06-14 13:09:42.915 [job-0] INFO HookInvoker - No hook invoked, because base dir not exists or is a file: D:\datax\hook
2023-06-14 13:09:42.917 [job-0] INFO JobContainer -
[total cpu info] =>
averageCpu | maxDeltaCpu | minDeltaCpu
-1.00% | -1.00% | -1.00%
[total gc info] =>
NAME | totalGCCount | maxDeltaGCCount | minDeltaGCCount | totalGCTime | maxDeltaGCTime | minDeltaGCTime
PS MarkSweep | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.000s | 0.000s | 0.000s
PS Scavenge | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.000s | 0.000s | 0.000s
2023-06-14 13:09:42.917 [job-0] INFO JobContainer - PerfTrace not enable!
2023-06-14 13:09:42.917 [job-0] INFO StandAloneJobContainerCommunicator - Total 100000 records, 2600000 bytes | Speed 253.91KB/s, 10000 records/s | Error 0 records, 0 bytes | All Task WaitWriterTime 0.018s | All Task WaitReaderTime 0.026s | Percentage 100.00%
2023-06-14 13:09:42.918 [job-0] INFO JobContainer -
任务启动时刻 : 2023-06-14 13:09:32
任务结束时刻 : 2023-06-14 13:09:42
任务总计耗时 : 10s
任务平均流量 : 253.91KB/s
记录写入速度 : 10000rec/s
读出记录总数 : 100000
读写失败总数 : 0此时，MySQL_B服务，也有了相同的数据，迁移成功。
如果中间发生错误，会对整个事务进行回滚。所以，如果有多个表需要同步，建议拆成多个xxx.json 文件去配置同步。