Varnish开源HTTP反向代理缓存服务器、部署安装、测试

一、概述

        Varnish是一个高性能的开源HTTP反向代理缓存服务器，它可以加速动态内容的交付并降低服务器的负载。Varnish常被用作HTTP加速器和负载均衡器，通过缓存静态文件、动态内容甚至整个页面来减少请求的数量和服务器响应时间。它支持各种缓存规则，可以针对不同的用户或请求类型缓存不同的信息，并提供丰富的管理工具和API以便于配置和监控。Varnish在Web性能优化和高可用性方面发挥着重要作用，被广泛应用于许多高流量的网站和Web应用程序中。

二、安装部署

[root@localhost ~]  curl -L -o /etc/yum.repos.d/varnish.repo  https://packagecloud.io/varnishcache/varnish41/el/7/$basearch.repo  #添加Varnish的yum源
[root@localhost ~] yum -y install varnish  

配置文件

Varnish的配置文件位于/etc/varnish/default.vcl。如前所述，你可以根据需要在其中定义缓存规则、后端响应规则和传输规则。以下是一个示例：

backend default {

    .host = "127.0.0.1";     #改成自己IP

    .port = "8080";

}

  

sub vcl_recv {

    # Define cache rules here

}

  

sub vcl_backend_response {

    # Define backend response rules here

}

  

sub vcl_deliver {

    # Define delivery rules here

}

这个示例配置了Varnish使用本地主机的8080端口作为后端，并留出了三个子例程用于定义缓存规则、后端响应规则和传输规则。你可以根据需要更改这些规则。

三、测试

配置测试站点

[root@localhost ~] systemctl start varnish
[root@localhost ~] yum -y install httpd
[root@localhost ~] vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/varnish-test.conf
Listen 8080
  

    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/varnish-test
    ErrorLog logs/varnish-test-error_log
    CustomLog logs/varnish-test-access_log combined


[root@localhost ~] mkdir /var/www/html/varnish-test
[root@localhost ~] cd /var/www/html/varnish-test
[root@localhost ~] vim index.html




    


    
Hello, Varnish!

测试Varnish

[root@localhost ~]  echo "CacheDisable on" | sudo tee /var/www/html/varnish-test/.htaccess
[root@localhost ~] systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~] curl -I http://192.168.1.122:6081/
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 11:16:13 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Last-Modified: Thu, 16 Oct 2014 13:20:58 GMT
ETag: "1321-5058a1e728280"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 4897
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
X-Varnish: 5
Age: 0
Via: 1.1 varnish-v4
Connection: keep-alive


[root@localhost ~] curl -I http://192.168.1.122:6081
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 12:14:02 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Last-Modified: Tue, 13 Jun 2023 12:11:19 GMT
ETag: "7b-5fe01bb97b9f8"
Content-Length: 123
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
X-Varnish: 32778 3
Age: 5               #同一个会叠加次数
Via: 1.1 varnish-v4
Connection: keep-alive