ubuntu换源并下载python3.8

当我们拿到ubuntu系统的第一件事，就是换源，不然以后下东西就会很慢

1. 备份软件源列表（以防后面使用过程中源有问题更换回来）

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

2. 打开软件源列表文件

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 删除该文件里的全部内容，复制以下内容直接替换掉，vim全选快捷键，按下esc键后，ggvG全选，然后按d键删除
4. 下面是各个源任选其一

阿里源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse  
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse  
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse  
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse  
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse  
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse  
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse 

清华源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

中科大源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

5. 保存后就可以开始更新软件列表信息了，输入以下指令

sudo apt-get update

6. update后，需要upgrade一下

sudo apt-get upgrade

7. 下载python3.8

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.0/Python-3.8.0a4.tar.xz

8. 解压

xz -d Python-3.8.0a4.tar.xz 
tar -xvf Python-3.8.0a4.tar

9. 解压后进入Python-3.8.0a4目录

./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3

make

make install

10. 创建软连接

sudo rm /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python

11. 查看安装python版本

python