目录:
vue-router的理解
对SPA应用的理解
1.什么是路由?
2.路由分类
后端路由:
前端路由:
基本路由
下载vue-router
:
npm i vue-router@3
src/router/index.js
:
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import About from "@/components/About";
import Home from "@/components/Home";
export default new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/about',
component: About
},
{
path: '/home',
component: Home
}
]
})
src/main.js
:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import router from "@/router";
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(VueRouter)
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
router,
})
src/App.vue
:
Vue Router Demo
About
Home
src/components/Home.vue
:
我是Home的内容
src/components/About.vue
:
我是About的内容
public/index.html
<%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %>
public/css/bootstrap.css
这里不粘贴代码了,找资料复制到这个路径下。
运行结果:
总结:
安装vue-router
,命令:npm i vue-router
应用插件:Vue.use(VueRouter)
编写router配置项:
//引入VueRouter
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入Luyou 组件
import About from '../components/About'
import Home from '../components/Home'
//创建router实例对象,去管理一组一组的路由规则
const router = new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home
}
]
})
//暴露router
export default router
实现切换(active-class
可配置高亮样式):
About
指定展示位:
上一节的案例就可以修改为:
src/pages/Home.vue
:
我是Home的内容
src/pages/About.vue
:
我是About的内容
src/router/index.js
:
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import About from "@/pages/About";
import Home from "@/pages/Home";
export default new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/about',
component: About
},
{
path: '/home',
component: Home
}
]
})
src/components/Banner.vue
:
Vue Router Demo
src/App.vue
:
About
Home
运行结果:
路由组件通常存放在pages
文件夹,一般组件通常存放在components
文件夹
通过切换,“隐藏”了的路由组件,默认是被销毁掉的,需要的时候再去挂载
每个组件都有自己的$route
属性,里面存储着自己的路由信息
整个应用只有一个router,可以通过组件的$router
属性获取到
嵌套(多级)路由
src/App.vue
About
Home
src/main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import router from "@/router";
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(VueRouter)
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
router,
})
src/pages/Home.vue
:
Home组件内容
src/pages/News.vue
:
- news001
- news002
- news003
src/pages/Message.vue
:
src/router/index.js
:
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import About from "@/pages/About";
import Home from "@/pages/Home";
import News from "@/pages/News";
import Message from "@/pages/Message";
export default new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/about',
component: About
},
{
path: '/home',
component: Home,
children: [
{
path: 'news',
component: News
},
{
path: 'message',
component: Message
}
]
}
]
})
src/components/Banner.vue
Vue Router Demo
src/components/pages/About.vue
我是About的内容
项目结构:
运行结果:
总结:
配置路由规则,使用children配置项:
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About,
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[ //通过children配置子级路由
{
path:'news', //此处一定不要写:/news
component:News
},
{
path:'message', //此处一定不要写:/message
component:Message
}
]
}
]
跳转(要写完整路径):
路由的query参数
src/router.index.js
:
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import About from "@/pages/About";
import Home from "@/pages/Home";
import News from "@/pages/News";
import Message from "@/pages/Message";
import Detail from "@/pages/Detail";
export default new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/about',
component: About
},
{
path: '/home',
component: Home,
children: [
{
path: 'news',
component: News
},
{
path: 'message',
component: Message,
children: [
{
path: 'detail',
component: Detail
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Detail.vue
:
- 消息编号:{{ $route.query.id }}
- 消息标题:{{ $route.query.title }}
src/pages/Message.vue
:
-
{{ m.title }}
src/components/Banner.vue
Vue Router Demo
src/pages/About.vue
我是About的内容
src/pages/Home.vue
Home组件内容
src/App.vue
About
Home
src/main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import router from "@/router";
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(VueRouter)
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: h => h(App),
router,
})
运行结果:
总结:
传递参数:
跳转
跳转
接收参数:
$route.query.id
$route.query.title
src/router/index.js
:
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import About from "@/pages/About";
import Home from "@/pages/Home";
import News from "@/pages/News";
import Message from "@/pages/Message";
import Detail from "@/pages/Detail";
export default new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
name: 'guanyu',
path: '/about',
component: About
},
{
path: '/home',
component: Home,
children: [
{
path: 'news',
component: News
},
{
path: 'message',
component: Message,
children: [
{
name: 'xiangqing',
path: 'detail',
component: Detail
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Message.vue
:
-
{{ m.title }}
总结:
命名路由:
作用:可以简化路由的跳转
如何使用:
给路由命名:
{
path:'/demo',
component:Demo,
children:[
{
path:'test',
component:Test,
children:[
{
name:'hello' //给路由命名
path:'welcome',
component:Hello,
}
]
}
]
}
简化跳转:
跳转
跳转
跳转
src/router/index.js
:
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import About from "@/pages/About";
import Home from "@/pages/Home";
import News from "@/pages/News";
import Message from "@/pages/Message";
import Detail from "@/pages/Detail";
export default new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
name: 'guanyu',
path: '/about',
component: About
},
{
path: '/home',
component: Home,
children: [
{
path: 'news',
component: News
},
{
path: 'message',
component: Message,
children: [
{
name: 'xiangqing',
path: 'detail/:id/:title',
component: Detail
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Message.vue
:
-
{{ m.title }}
src/pages/Detail.vue
:
- 消息编号:{{ $route.params.id }}
- 消息标题:{{ $route.params.title }}
项目结构:
总结:
配置路由,声明接收params
参数:
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id/:title', //使用占位符声明接收params参数
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
传递参数:
跳转
跳转
特别注意:路由携带params参数时,若使用to的对象写法,则不能使用path配置项,必须使用name配置!
接收参数:
$route.params.id
$route.params.title
src/pages/Message.vue
:
-
{{ m.title }}
src/router/index.js
:
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import About from "@/pages/About";
import Home from "@/pages/Home";
import News from "@/pages/News";
import Message from "@/pages/Message";
import Detail from "@/pages/Detail";
export default new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
name: 'guanyu',
path: '/about',
component: About
},
{
path: '/home',
component: Home,
children: [
{
path: 'news',
component: News
},
{
path: 'message',
component: Message,
children: [
{
name: 'xiangqing',
path: 'detail',
component: Detail,
//props的第一种写法,值为对象,该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件
// props:{a:1,b:'hello'}
//props的第二种写法,值为布尔值。若布尔值为真,就会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数,以props的形式传给Detail组件
// props:true
//props的第三种写法,值为函数
props($route) {
return {
id: $route.query.id,
title: $route.query.title
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Detail.vue
:
- 消息编号:{{ id }}
- 消息标题:{{ title }}
总结:
作用:让路由组件更方便的收到参数
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id',
component:Detail,
//第一种写法:props值为对象,该对象中所有的key-value的组合最终都会通过props传给Detail组件
// props:{a:1,b:'hello'}
//第二种写法:props值为布尔值,布尔值为true,则把路由收到的所有params参数通过props传给Detail组件
// props:true
//第三种写法:props值为函数,该函数返回的对象中每一组key-value都会通过props传给Detail组件
props(route){
return {
id:route.query.id,
title:route.query.title
}
}
}
Home组件内容
总结:
编程式路由导航
src/components/Banner.vue
:
Vue Router Demo
src/pages/Message.vue
:
-
{{ m.title }}
src/router/index.js
:
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import About from "@/pages/About";
import Home from "@/pages/Home";
import News from "@/pages/News";
import Message from "@/pages/Message";
import Detail from "@/pages/Detail";
export default new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
name: 'guanyu',
path: '/about',
component: About
},
{
path: '/home',
component: Home,
children: [
{
path: 'news',
component: News
},
{
path: 'message',
component: Message,
children: [
{
name: 'xiangqing',
path: 'detail',
component: Detail,
//props的第一种写法,值为对象,该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件
// props:{a:1,b:'hello'}
//props的第二种写法,值为布尔值。若布尔值为真,就会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数,以props的形式传给Detail组件
// props:true
//props的第三种写法,值为函数
props($route) {
return {
id: $route.query.id,
title: $route.query.title
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
src/pages/Detail.vue
:
- 消息编号:{{ id }}
- 消息标题:{{ title }}
运行结果:
总结:
作用:不借助
实现路由跳转,让路由跳转更加灵活
具体编码:
this.$router.push({
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:xxx,
title:xxx
}
})
this.$router.replace({
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:xxx,
title:xxx
}
})
this.$router.forward() //前进
this.$router.back() //后退
this.$router.go() //可前进也可后退
src/pages/News.vue
:
- news001
- news002
- news003
src/pages/Home.vue
:
Home组件内容
运行结果:
总结:
作用:让不展示的路由组件保持挂载,不被销毁
具体编码:
//缓存一个路由组件
//include中写想要缓存的组件名,不写表示全部缓存
//缓存多个路由组件
俩个新的生命周期钩子:activated和deactivated
src/pages/News.vue
- 欢迎学习Vue
- news001
- news002
- news003
运行结果:
总结:
activated
和deactivated
是路由组件所独有的两个钩子,用于捕获路由组件的激活状态activated
路由组件被激活时触发deactivated
路由组件失活时触发
路由守卫
全局路由守卫(全局前置路由守卫,全局后置路由守卫)
src/router/index.js
:
import VueRouter from "vue-router"
import About from "@/pages/About";
import Home from "@/pages/Home";
import News from "@/pages/News";
import Message from "@/pages/Message";
import Detail from "@/pages/Detail";
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [{
name: 'guanyu',
path: '/about',
component: About,
meta: {isAuth: false, title: '关于'}
},
{
name: 'zhuye',
path: '/home',
component: Home,
meta: {title: '主页'},
children: [
{
name: 'xinwen',
path: 'news',
component: News,
meta: {isAuth: true, title: '新闻'}
},
{
name: 'xiaoxi',
path: 'message',
component: Message,
meta: {isAuth: true, title: '消息'},
children: [
{
name: 'xiangqing',
path: 'detail',
component: Detail, //props的第一种写法,值为对象,该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件
// props:{a:1,b:'hello'}
//props的第二种写法,值为布尔值。若布尔值为真,就会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数,以props的形式传给Detail组件
// props:true
//props的第三种写法,值为函数
props($route) {
return {
id: $route.query.id, title: $route.query.title
}
},
meta: {title: '详情'}
}]
}]
}]
})
//全局前置路由守卫——初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之前被调用
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
console.log('前置路由守卫', to, from)
// if (to.path === '/home/news' || to.path === '/home/message') {
// if (to.name === 'xinwen' || to.name === 'xiaoxi') {
if (to.meta.isAuth) {
if (localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu') {
// document.title = to.meta.title || 'xxx系统'
next()
} else {
alert('学校名不对,无权限查看!')
}
} else {
// document.title = to.meta.title || 'xxx系统'
next()
}
})
//全局后置路由守卫——初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之后被调用
router.afterEach((to, from) => {
document.title = to.meta.title || 'xxx系统'
console.log('后置路由守卫', to, from)
})
export default router
运行结果:
独享路由守卫
src/router/index.js
:
//该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//引入组件
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
//创建一个路由器
const router = new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
name:'guanyv',
path:'/about',
component:About,
meta:{title:'关于'}
},
{
name:'zhuye',
path:'/home',
component:Home,
meta:{title:'主页'},
children:[
{
name:'xinwen',
path:'news',
component:News,
meta:{title:'新闻'},
//独享守卫,特定路由切换之后被调用
beforeEnter(to,from,next){
console.log('独享路由守卫',to,from)
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
}
}
},
{
name:'xiaoxi',
path:'message',
component:Message,
meta:{title:'消息'},
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail',
component:Detail,
meta:{title:'详情'},
props($route){
return {
id:$route.query.id,
title:$route.query.title,
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
//全局后置路由守卫————初始化的时候被调用、每次路由切换之后被调用
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})
//导出路由器
export default router
组件内路由守卫
src/pages/About.vue
我是About的内容
总结:
作用:对路由进行权限控制
分类:全局守卫、独享守卫、组件内守卫
全局守卫:
//全局前置守卫:初始化时执行、每次路由切换前执行
router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
console.log('beforeEach',to,from)
if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断当前路由是否需要进行权限控制
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){ //权限控制的具体规则
next() //放行
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
}
}else{
next() //放行
}
})
//全局后置守卫:初始化时执行、每次路由切换后执行
router.afterEach((to,from) => {
console.log('afterEach',to,from)
if(to.meta.title){
document.title = to.meta.title //修改网页的title
}else{
document.title = 'vue_test'
}
})
独享守卫:
beforeEnter(to,from,next){
console.log('beforeEnter',to,from)
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
}
}
组件内守卫:
//进入守卫:通过路由规则,进入该组件时被调用
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {...},
//离开守卫:通过路由规则,离开该组件时被调用
beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {...},
路由器的两种工作模式