list赋值方法add()...和set()简介

目录

一、方法展示 

二、add() 方法介绍 

2.1.add(E element)

2.1.1源码 

 2.1.2.实例截图

2.1.3.Null引起的题外话 

2.2.add(int index, E element)

2.2.1.源码

 2.2.2.示例截图

2.2.3. add()引起IndexOutOfBoundsException简介

三、addAll()方法介绍

 3.1.addAll

3.1.1.源码 

 3.1.2.代码示例

 3.1.3.运行截图

四、set(int index,E element) 

4.1.元素替换方法:set(int index,E element)

4.1.1.源码 


一、方法展示 

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第1张图片

         由上图可以看出,Java中线性表List接口的插入方法大概分为三大类,add、addAll和set。

二、add() 方法介绍 

2.1.add(E element)

2.1.1源码 

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第2张图片

    /**
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list (optional
     * operation).
     * 将指定的元素追加到此list的末尾(可选操作)
     *
     * 

Lists that support this operation may place limitations on what * elements may be added to this list. *

支持此操作的列表可能会限制元素可以被添加到该list中。 * * In particular, some lists will refuse to add null elements, and others will * impose restrictions on the type of elements that may be added. * 特别是一些list将拒绝添加null元素,其他列表将强制对可以添加的元素类型的限制。 * * List classes should clearly specify in their documentation any restrictions * on what elements may be added. * List类应该在其文档中明确规定任何限制关于可以添加哪些元素。 * * @param e element to be appended to this list * @return true (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the add operation * is not supported by this list * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element * prevents it from being added to this list * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this * list does not permit null elements * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element * prevents it from being added to this list */ boolean add(E e);

         简单来说,此方法有三个要素:将新元素添加到list末尾、只能传入指定类型元素、部分list拒接添加null。

        但据我所知,JDK中应该是没有原生的"NULL判断"来拒绝null的添加。

 2.1.2.实例截图

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第3张图片

2.1.3.Null引起的题外话 

        Collection规范指出,当collection不支持null时,应引发NullPointerException。戳》》》菜鸟教程Interface Collection  但是,此操作不是必须的,所以看自己选择。list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第4张图片

2.2.add(int index, E element)

2.2.1.源码

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第5张图片

    /**
     * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list
     * (optional operation).  
     * 在此列表中的指定位置插入指定的元素(可选操作)。
     * 
     * Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent 
     * elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
     * 将当前位于该位置的元素(如果有)和任何后续元素向右移动(在其索引中添加一个)。
     *
     * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
     * @param element element to be inserted
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the add operation
     *         is not supported by this list
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
     *         prevents it from being added to this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
     *         this list does not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
     *         element prevents it from being added to this list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
     *         (index < 0 || index > size())
     */

    void add(int index, E element);

 2.2.2.示例截图

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第6张图片

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第7张图片  

         当①执行时,下标为1的元素A,将原本list中的元素2,3,4,5都给向后移动了。

        当②和③执行时,新添加了元素B,但是出现了IndexOutOfBoundsException(下标越界异常),由此可以看出,当使用 add(int index, E element) 时,需要满足两个条件之一:当前下标已经存在元素,或当前下标的前一个位置存在元素。

        ==》当list中没有元素时,add的下标就需要从0开始,否则也会出现下标越界问题。

2.2.3. add()引起IndexOutOfBoundsException简介

         待补充...

三、addAll()方法介绍

 3.1.addAll

3.1.1.源码 

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第8张图片

    /**
     * Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of
     * this list, in the order that they are returned by the specified
     * collection's iterator (optional operation).  
     * 按照指定集合的迭代器返回的顺序,将指定集合中的所有元素追加到此列表的末尾(可选操作)。
     *
     * The behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is         
     * modified while the operation is in progress.  (Note that this will occur if the
     * specified collection is this list, and it's nonempty.)
     * 如果在操作进行期间修改了指定的集合,则此操作的行为是未定义的。
     * (请注意,如果指定的集合就是这个list,它不是空的。)
     *
     * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list
     * @return true if this list changed as a result of the call
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the addAll operation
     *         is not supported by this list
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of an element of the specified
     *         collection prevents it from being added to this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection contains one
     *         or more null elements and this list does not permit null
     *         elements, or if the specified collection is null
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of an element of the
     *         specified collection prevents it from being added to this list
     * @see #add(Object)
     */

    boolean addAll(Collection c);

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第9张图片

        由上述源码可知,addAll的两个方法与add的使用大体相同,都是在原list内添加或在原list指定位置添加,同时下标取值范围 不能符合(index < 0 || index > size()),不过

        1、add添加的是元素,addAll添加的是 Collection c

        2、add使用时,部分list中不允许添加null,但还是能在list中添加null元素的;

              addAll则不允许添加null,但可以添加null元素

 3.1.2.代码示例

package com.task.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class T1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List list1 = new ArrayList<>();
        new T1().returnList1(list1);

        List list2 = new ArrayList<>();
        new T1().returnList2(list2);

        List list3 = new ArrayList<>();
        new T1().returnList3(list3);

        List list4 = new ArrayList<>();

        List list5 = null;


        List listAll = new ArrayList<>();
        listAll.addAll(list1);
        System.out.println("1:listAll = " + listAll);
        listAll.addAll(list2);
        System.out.println("2:listAll = " + listAll);
        listAll.addAll(5,list3);
        System.out.println("3:listAll = " + listAll);
        listAll.addAll(list4);
        System.out.println("4:listAll = " + listAll);
        listAll.addAll(list5);
        System.out.println("5:listAll = " + listAll);
    }

    public void returnList1(List list){
        list.add("A1");
        list.add("B1");
        list.add("C1");
        list.add("D1");
        list.add("E1");
        list.add("F1");
        list.add("G1");
    }
    public void returnList2(List list){
        list.add("A2");
        list.add("B2");
        list.add("C2");
        list.add("D2");
        list.add("E2");
        list.add("F2");
        list.add("G2");
    }

    public void returnList3(List list){
        list.add(null);
    }
}

 3.1.3.运行截图

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第10张图片

         关于list4 和 list5 的区别,可以查看》》》ArrayList初始化的小知识

四、set(int index,E element) 

4.1.元素替换方法:set(int index,E element)

4.1.1.源码 

list赋值方法add()...和set()简介_第11张图片

    /**
     * Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the
     * specified element (optional operation).
     * 将此列表中指定位置的元素替换为指定的元素(可选操作)。
     *
     * @param index index of the element to replace
     * @param element element to be stored at the specified position
     * @return the element previously at the specified position
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the set operation
     *         is not supported by this list
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
     *         prevents it from being added to this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
     *         this list does not permit null elements
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of the specified
     *         element prevents it from being added to this list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
     *         (index < 0 || index >= size())
     */

    E set(int index, E element);

        1、这是个元素替换方法。

        2、使用set时的下标index 取值范围不能在(index < 0 || index >= size())之间。

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