山东大学科技文献期末复习（个人速成向）

山东大学科技文献阅读期末考复习 个人速成向

Unit 20 References

Types

in-text references
end references

Citation styles

APA style
MLA style
IEEE style

Unit 19 Acknowledgements

Feature

Polite
Brief
Specific

Unit 18 Conclusion

Feature

restatement of the research question and thesis statement
summary of the main points in the article
discussion of the significance of the reasearch
presentation of the future of the subject

Types

Thesis-oriented conclusion
A.introductory statement
B.Consolidation of the reaserch space
C.Recommendations

Field-oriented conclusion

Unit 17 Discussion

Feature

from the specific to general
the same point view as that in the Introduction section
There are facts as well as opinions or comments in this section

Moves

Reviewing the present study
Consolidating the results
1.Reporting the results
2. Explaning the meaning of the findings and why they are important
3. Relating the results to those of similar studies
4. Providing alternative explanations for the results

Stating limitations and possible future research directions

Unit 16 Results

Feature

Be objective
Be logical
Be concise
Use non-verbal language
Use mixed tenses

Moves

Providing preparatory information
Describing the data in figures and tables
Reporting the results based on the data

Unit 15 Methods

This section includes

1. materials
2. instuments
3. subjects
4. procedures
5. data collection
6. data analysis

Types

1. based on purpose:
   basic research
   applied rasearch
2. besed on methods:
   non-experimental research
   experimental research
3. based on orignality:
   primary research
   secondary research

Unit 14 Introduction

Moves

Establishing a territory：significance generalizations
Reviewing previous related research
Establishing a niche：indication of a gap,research questions
Occupying a niche:purpose,structure,pricipal purpose

Unit 13 Abstract

Five parts

1. background
2. problems
3. methods
4. results
5. conclusion

Types

informative abstracts:summatizes the key information from every major section
indicative abstracts
structured abstracts
graphical abstracts

Unit12 Title and author affiliation

Title is characterized by

1. using more nouns or noun phrases,or gerunds
2. being brief and concise
3. being specific
4. using more compounds

Types

A.Declarative titles:states the main findings or conclusions
B.Descriptive titles
C.Interrogative titles（疑问的）
D.Compound titles

Author affiliation

带星号的是通讯作者

Unit 11 Standards

Provide requirements,specifications,guidelines,characteristics
Ensure materials,products,posesses and services are safe,reliable and consistent.

Types

Scope:
International standards
Regional standards
National standards
Professional standards
Institutional standards

Content:
Basic standards
Manufacturing standards
Standards of methods

Unit 10 Government publications

Types

1. administrative type
   conference records,judical documents,treaties,resolutions,rules and regulations.
2. scientific type
   policies of science,research reports,popular science materials,technical policy documents

International government publications

UN publications
OECD publications

American government publications（不好记）

GPO publications
GPO monthly catalog
NTIS publications

Unit 9 Product specifications

Feature

Genuine
Scientific
Logical
Pratical

Types

industrial product specifications
agricultural product specifications
finicial product specifications
insurance product specifications
工农财保

Unit 8 Patents

专利保护-20年
提交专利申请：a request,a description,claims,drawings,summary
最重要:claims

Types

Inventions
Utilities models
Designs

Copyright

通常是作者死后50-100年
如果合著 那么就是最后一个作者死后70年
如果是匿名的 min(第一次发表后95年,第一次创造后120年)

Unit 7 Science news

Types

science news stories
science newsltters
science feature stories
science news commerntaries

世界前十科技新闻 每年一月中旬发布

Unit 6 Techical reports

Types

content

研究发现报告
技术信息报告
技术具体报告
技术评价报告
技术建议报告
操作说明
指导报告

Progress

开始的报告
进行报告
期中报告
最终报告

Scope

绝密
机密
秘密
限制级
不可发表
已解密

4 series of technical reports in America

AD
PB
NASA
DOE

Unit 5 Graduation papers

Types

bachelor’s degree
master’s degree
the graduation of doctorate

Differences between master and doctoral

博士毕业论文要求是全新的，没研究过的

Differences between a graduation paper and a journal article

1. 目的
2. 长度
3. 摘要
4. 方法
5. 参考文献
6. 细节
7. 评审
8. 作者数量

Unit 4 Conference documents

Types of conference documents

会议前
会议中
会议后

Types of academic conferences

Conference(formal meeting)
Forum(public meeting involving audience discussion)
Lecture(long talk)
Panel（in front of an audience）
Seminar(give and discuss information on a particular topic)
Symposium（讨论会）(several specialists deliever short addresses on a topic or on related topics)
Workshop(brief educational program)

Unit 3 Monographs（专著）

Scholarly monographs

1. 得是phD等的学位或者隶属某个科学研究机构
2. 书由大学出版社、学术社团或者其他学术机构印刷
3. 书的文献目录在最后列出了在研究中所有的文献

Feature

Academicality
Creativity
Authoritativeness
Comprehensiveness
Systematiceness
Beyond time and space

学术性 创造性 权威性 综合性 系统性 超越时间和空间

Difference between academic articles and monographs

1. 长度
2. 结构
3. 内容

Unit 2 Journals

Types

original research articles
review articles
perspective,opinion or commerntary articles
book reviews

Journal metrics

1. IF or JIF
2. Eigenfactor（特征因子）
3. AIS
4. SJR
5. h-index（关于作者的）
6. SNIP
7. CiteScore
8. Immediacy index（立即索引）
9. Total Cites
10. Cited Half-Life（引用半衰期）
11. JIF

Idetification code

1. DOI
2. IDS number
3. ISSN 8位 ISBN 2017.1.1前10位 后13位

Citaion Index

SCI
EI
ISTP
A&HCI
SSCI
JCR

Unit 1 Inroduction of scientific literature

1. Regardless of the specific area of science,the subjects of scientific literature include science itself,or the ideas,facts,laws and categories discovered by scientists.
2. According to the form,scientific literature can be roughly classified into:

1. journals
2. monographs（专著）
3. conference documents
4. graduation papers
5. technical reports
6. science news
7. patents
8. product specifications
9. government publications
10. standards

3. According to the processing depth,scientific literature can be classified into:

1. primary literature
2. secondary literature
3. tertiary literature

4. Primary literature includes the original scientific materials published for the first time such as the papers that present novel scientific research,conference documents,patents,technical reports ,and standards .
5. Secondary literature summarizes and synthesizes the primary literature,which includes review articles and books.
6. Tertiary literature might consist of textbooks,encyclopedias（百科全书）,and similar works intended for broad public consumption.
7. scientific literature presents some liguistic features in terms of style,morphology（形态学） and syntax.
8. Stylistic features:

A. formality
B. conciseness
C. directness
D. objectively
E.use of non-verbal language

9. Morphologically,scientific literature is featured by use of technical and scientific jargon（专业术语）,nominalization（名义的） and heding（回避）.
10. TSJ can be divided into two categories:general TSJ (can be used in different fields with different meangings)and specific TSJ(the words that are usually restricted to the given fields).The former has a much larger number than the latter.

ps.MOOC：山东大学科技文献期中测试慕课复习