1.环境准备： * python3.6 * requests * xlrd * openpyxl * HTMLTestRunner_api 2.目前实现的功能： * 封装requests请求方法 * 在excel填写接口请求参数 * 运行完后，重新生成一个excel报告，结果写入excel * 用unittest+ddt数据驱动模式执行 * HTMLTestRunner生成可视化的html报告 * 对于没有关联的单个接口请求是可以批量执行的，需要登录的话写到setUpclass里的session里保持cookies * token关联的不能实现 * logging日志文件暂时未加入 3.目前已知的缺陷： * 无法实现参数关联：上个请求的结果是下个请求的参数，如token * 接口请求参数名有重复的，目前未处理，如key1=value1&key1=value2,两个key都一样，这种需要用元组存储，目前暂时未判断 * 生成的excel样式未处理，后期慢慢优化样式 * python新手可能遇到模块导入报错问题 # 项目结构  # excel测试数据  # xlrd读excel数据 1.先从excel里面读取测试数据，返回字典格式  ``` # coding:utf-8 import xlrd class ExcelUtil(): def __init__(self, excelPath, sheetName="Sheet1"): self.data = xlrd.open_workbook(excelPath) self.table = self.data.sheet_by_name(sheetName) # 获取第一行作为key值 self.keys = self.table.row_values(0) # 获取总行数 self.rowNum = self.table.nrows # 获取总列数 self.colNum = self.table.ncols def dict_data(self): if self.rowNum <= 1: print("总行数小于1") else: r = [] j = 1 for i in list(range(self.rowNum-1)): s = {} # 从第二行取对应values值 s['rowNum'] = i+2 values = self.table.row_values(j) for x in list(range(self.colNum)): s[self.keys[x]] = values[x] r.append(s) j += 1 return r if __name__ == "__main__": filepath = "debug_api.xlsx" sheetName = "Sheet1" data = ExcelUtil(filepath, sheetName) print(data.dict_data()) ``` # openpyxl写入数据 1.再封装一个写入excel数据的方法 ``` # coding:utf-8 from openpyxl import load_workbook import openpyxl def copy_excel(excelpath1, excelpath2): '''复制excek，把excelpath1数据复制到excelpath2''' wb2 = openpyxl.Workbook() wb2.save(excelpath2) # 读取数据 wb1 = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelpath1) wb2 = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelpath2) sheets1 = wb1.sheetnames sheets2 = wb2.sheetnames sheet1 = wb1[sheets1[0]] sheet2 = wb2[sheets2[0]] max_row = sheet1.max_row # 最大行数 max_column = sheet1.max_column # 最大列数 for m in list(range(1,max_row+1)): for n in list(range(97,97+max_column)): # chr(97)='a' n = chr(n) # ASCII字符 i ='%s%d'% (n, m) # 单元格编号 cell1 = sheet1[i].value # 获取data单元格数据 sheet2[i].value = cell1 # 赋值到test单元格 wb2.save(excelpath2) # 保存数据 wb1.close() # 关闭excel wb2.close() class Write_excel(object): '''修改excel数据''' def __init__(self, filename): self.filename = filename self.wb = load_workbook(self.filename) self.ws = self.wb.active # 激活sheet def write(self, row_n, col_n, value): '''写入数据，如(2,3，"hello"),第二行第三列写入数据"hello"''' self.ws.cell(row_n, col_n).value = value self.wb.save(self.filename) if __name__ == "__main__": copy_excel("debug_api.xlsx", "testreport.xlsx") wt = Write_excel("testreport.xlsx") wt.write(4, 5, "HELLEOP") wt.write(4, 6, "HELLEOP") ``` # 封装request请求方法 1.把从excel读处理的数据作为请求参数，封装requests请求方法，传入请求参数，并返回结果 2.为了不污染测试的数据，出报告的时候先将测试的excel复制都应该新的excel 3.把测试返回的结果，在新的excel里面写入数据 ``` # coding:utf-8 import json import requests from excelddtdriver.common.readexcel import ExcelUtil from excelddtdriver.common.writeexcel import copy_excel, Write_excel def send_requests(s, testdata): '''封装requests请求''' method = testdata["method"] url = testdata["url"] # url后面的params参数 try: params = eval(testdata["params"]) except: params = None # 请求头部headers try: headers = eval(testdata["headers"]) print("请求头部：%s" % headers) except: headers = None # post请求body类型 type = testdata["type"] test_nub = testdata['id'] print("*******正在执行用例：----- %s ----**********" % test_nub) print("请求方式：%s, 请求url:%s" % (method, url)) print("请求params：%s" % params) # post请求body内容 try: bodydata = eval(testdata["body"]) except: bodydata = {} # 判断传data数据还是json if type == "data": body = bodydata elif type == "json": body = json.dumps(bodydata) else: body = bodydata if method == "post": print("post请求body类型为：%s ,body内容为：%s" % (type, body)) verify = False res = {} # 接受返回数据 try: r = s.request(method=method, url=url, params=params, headers=headers, data=body, verify=verify ) print("页面返回信息：%s" % r.content.decode("utf-8")) res['id'] = testdata['id'] res['rowNum'] = testdata['rowNum'] res["statuscode"] = str(r.status_code) # 状态码转成str res["text"] = r.content.decode("utf-8") res["times"] = str(r.elapsed.total_seconds()) # 接口请求时间转str if res["statuscode"] != "200": res["error"] = res["text"] else: res["error"] = "" res["msg"] = "" if testdata["checkpoint"] in res["text"]: res["result"] = "pass" print("用例测试结果: %s---->%s" % (test_nub, res["result"])) else: res["result"] = "fail" return res except Exception as msg: res["msg"] = str(msg) return res def wirte_result(result, filename="result.xlsx"): # 返回结果的行数row_nub row_nub = result['rowNum'] # 写入statuscode wt = Write_excel(filename) wt.write(row_nub, 8, result['statuscode']) # 写入返回状态码statuscode,第8列 wt.write(row_nub, 9, result['times']) # 耗时 wt.write(row_nub, 10, result['error']) # 状态码非200时的返回信息 wt.write(row_nub, 12, result['result']) # 测试结果 pass 还是fail wt.write(row_nub, 13, result['msg']) # 抛异常 if __name__ == "__main__": data = ExcelUtil("debug_api.xlsx").dict_data() print(data[0]) s = requests.session() res = send_requests(s, data[0]) copy_excel("debug_api.xlsx", "result.xlsx") wirte_result(res, filename="result.xlsx") ``` # 测试用例unittest+ddt 1.测试用例用unittest框架组建，并用ddt数据驱动模式，批量执行用例 ``` # coding:utf-8 import unittest import ddt import os import requests from excelddtdriver.common import base_api from excelddtdriver.common import readexcel from excelddtdriver.common import writeexcel # 获取demo_api.xlsx路径 curpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) testxlsx = os.path.join(curpath, "demo_api.xlsx") # 复制demo_api.xlsx文件到report下 report_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(curpath), "report") reportxlsx = os.path.join(report_path, "result.xlsx") testdata = readexcel.ExcelUtil(testxlsx).dict_data() @ddt.ddt class Test_api(unittest.TestCase): @classmethod def setUpClass(cls): cls.s = requests.session() # 如果有登录的话，就在这里先登录了 writeexcel.copy_excel(testxlsx, reportxlsx) # 复制xlsx @ddt.data(*testdata) def test_api(self, data): # 先复制excel数据到report res = base_api.send_requests(self.s, data) base_api.wirte_result(res, filename=reportxlsx) # 检查点 checkpoint check = data["checkpoint"] print("检查点->：%s"%check) # 返回结果 res_text = res["text"] print("返回实际结果->：%s"%res_text) # 断言 self.assertTrue(check in res_text) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() ``` # 生成报告 1.用HTMLTestRunner生成html报告，我这里改了下名称，改成了HTMLTestRunner_api.py ``` # coding=utf-8 import unittest import time from excelddtdriver.common import HTMLTestRunner_api import os curpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) report_path = os.path.join(curpath, "report") if not os.path.exists(report_path): os.mkdir(report_path) case_path = os.path.join(curpath, "case") def add_case(casepath=case_path, rule="test*.py"): '''加载所有的测试用例''' # 定义discover方法的参数 discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(casepath, pattern=rule,) return discover def run_case(all_case, reportpath=report_path): '''执行所有的用例, 并把结果写入测试报告''' htmlreport = reportpath+r"\result.html" print("测试报告生成地址：%s"% htmlreport) fp = open(htmlreport, "wb") runner = HTMLTestRunner_api.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, verbosity=2, title="测试报告", description="用例执行情况") # 调用add_case函数返回值 runner.run(all_case) fp.close() if __name__ == "__main__": cases = add_case() run_case(cases) ``` 2.生成的excel报告  3.生成的html报告 
