存储过程知识总结【二】

/*==========================================================
*描述: 存储过程知识点总结,以Northwind数据库的Employees表为例

===========================================================*/

--=========================1.out输出/输出的存储过程==================

create procedure usp_OutParameterSelect
  @employeeID int,
  @name nvarchar(10) out, --**即作为输入,又作为输出**
  @lastName nvarchar(20) out --**out与output在这里通用**
as
begin
  select
    @name=FirstName --**重新赋值,作为输出**
    ,@lastName=LastName
  from dbo.Employees
  where EmployeeID = @employeeID
  and City = @name --**输入参数查询**
end

GO

--===========================执行测试=======================

declare @employeeID int
,@name nvarchar(10)
,@lastName nvarchar(20)

set @employeeID = 6
set @name = 'London'

execute usp_OutParameterSelect @employeeID,@name output,@lastName output

select @name as FirstName,@lastName as LastName

GO

--=========================2.异常处理的存储过程=================

create procedure usp_ExceptionHandling

as

begin
  begin try
    select 1/0 --**除数为零**
  end try


  begin catch
    if @@ERROR <> 0
      declare @errorMessage nvarchar(4000)
          ,@errorSeverity int
          ,@errorState int

      select @errorMessage = ERROR_MESSAGE() --**错误的信息**
          ,@errorSeverity = ERROR_SEVERITY() --***错误的严重级别*
          ,@errorState = ERROR_STATE() --**错误的状态**

      /*抛出一个异常*/
      raiserror (@errorMessage,@errorSeverity,@errorState)
  end catch
end

GO

--===========================执行测试==========================

execute usp_ExceptionHandling

--执行结果如下:
/*
Msg 50000, Level 16, State 1, Procedure usp_ExceptionHandling, Line 17
Divide by zero error encountered.
*/
GO
--=========================3.事物处理的存储过程===================

create procedure usp_Transaction

as
begin
  begin try

  SET XACT_ABORT ON
  /*
  *当SET XACT_ABORT为ON 时,如果Transact-SQL语句产生运行时错误,事务终止并回滚.
  *为OFF 时,只回滚产生错误的语句.而事务继续处理.
  */

  begin transaction

  --**这条跟新语句执行时会出现异常,FirstName被定义为Not Null**
  update dbo.Employees set FirstName = NULL
  where EmployeeID = 1

  update dbo.Employees set FirstName = FirstName + 'XXX'
  where City = 'London'

  commit transaction

  end try

  begin catch
    if @@TRANCOUNT > 0

      rollback transaction --**事物回滚**

    declare @errorMessage nvarchar(4000)
        ,@errorSeverity int
        ,@errorState int

    select @errorMessage = ERROR_MESSAGE() --**错误的信息**
        ,@errorSeverity = ERROR_SEVERITY() --***错误的严重级别*
        ,@errorState = ERROR_STATE() --**错误的状态**

    /*抛出一个异常*/
    raiserror (@errorMessage,@errorSeverity,@errorState)
end catch

end

--===========================执行测试==============================

execute usp_Transaction

/*==============================================================
*********************************End*****************************************
*==============================================================*/

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