k8s_1.16.15版本部署

环境信息

名称	版本
CentOS	7.5.1804
kubernetes verison	1.16.15
docker-ce verison	18.09.9
master	192.168.100.108
worker	192.168.100.110

互联网环境安装docker

（worker节点安装，master可装可不装）

wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo  #下载阿里repo文件
yum --showduplicates list docker-ce | expand   #列出所有安装包
yum list docker-ce-18.09.9    #列出指定版本安装包
yum install docker-ce-18.09.9 docker-ce-cli-18.09.9 -y   #安装指定版本的docker

#配置镜像加速
mkdir -p  /etc/docker
mkdir -p /data/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "graph": "/data/docker",
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

#启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker

#下载镜像
docker search flannel
docker pull lizhenliang/flannel
docker tag lizhenliang/flannel quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.13.0
docker pull lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0

一、下载k8s所需安装包

wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://dl.k8s.io/v1.12.10/kubernetes.tar.gz
wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://dl.k8s.io/v1.12.10/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://dl.k8s.io/v1.12.10/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://dl.k8s.io/v1.12.10/kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.14/etcd-v3.4.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.13.0/flannel-v0.13.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget -P /usr/local/src/ https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.9.0/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.9.0.tgz

二、安装etcd服务

1、制作etcd证书

cp /usr/local/src/cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
cp /usr/local/src/cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
cp /usr/local/src/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} && cd /root/TLS/etcd/

#创建ca配置文件
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

#生成证书
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
#输出
ca-key.pem  ca.pem

#创建证书申请文件
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.100.108",
    "192.168.100.110"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

#生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
#输出
server-key.pem  server.pem

2、安装etcd

#解压etcd安装包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
cd /usr/local/src/
tar -zxvf etcd-v3.4.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp etcd-v3.4.14-linux-amd64.tar.gz/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

#创建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.108:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.108:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.108:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.108:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.100.108:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.100.110:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF

• ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
• ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
• ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
• ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
• ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
• ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
• ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
• ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
• ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

3、配置systemd管理etcd服务

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4、拷贝、修改配置文件

#拷贝证书
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem  /opt/etcd/ssl/
cp -a ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
ll /opt/etcd/ssl/
#输出
total 16
-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Feb 10 13:42 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1265 Feb 10 13:42 ca.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Feb 10 13:42 server-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1330 Feb 10 13:42 server.pem

#拷贝文件至node节点
ssh node1 mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p #为node节点创建目录
scp -r /opt/etcd/ node1:/opt
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service node1:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf node1:/opt/etcd/cfg/

#node节点修改etcd配置文件
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"         # 修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.110:2380"      # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.110:2379"    # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.110:2380"    # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.110:2379"      # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.100.108:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.100.110:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

5、启动服务

#启动服务器，node节点同时启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

#查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.100.108:2379,https://192.168.100.110:2379" endpoint health
#输出
https://192.168.100.108:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 33.994781ms
https://192.168.100.110:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 35.049844ms

三、部署master节点

1、部署kube-apiserver服务

制作apiserver证书

mkdir -p /root/TLS/apiserver && cd /root/TLS/apiserver/

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

#生成证书
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

ll *pem
#输出
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Feb 10 14:41 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1359 Feb 10 14:41 ca.pem

#创建apiserver https证书
#工作目录/root/TLS/apiserver
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.100.108",
      "192.168.100.110",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
#输出
2021/02/10 14:43:53 [INFO] generate received request
2021/02/10 14:43:53 [INFO] received CSR
2021/02/10 14:43:53 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2021/02/10 14:43:54 [INFO] encoded CSR
2021/02/10 14:43:54 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 428652289545589142514966989351494232826426284544
2021/02/10 14:43:54 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").

#查看
ll server*pem
#输出
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Feb 10 14:43 server-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1619 Feb 10 14:43 server.pem

安装apiserver服务

#解压安装包
-p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
cd /usr/local/src/
tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-apiserver /opt/kubernetes/bin/
cp kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/
cp kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin/
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

#创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.100.108:2379,https://192.168.100.110:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.100.108 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.100.108 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

注释：上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。

• –logtostderr：启用日志
• —v：日志等级
• –log-dir：日志目录
• –etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
• –bind-address：监听地址
• –secure-port：https安全端口
• –advertise-address：集群通告地址
• –allow-privileged：启用授权
• –service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
• –enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
• –authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
• –enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
• –token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
• –service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
• –kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
• –tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
• –etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
• –audit-log-xxx：审计日志

#拷贝证书至配置文件中的目录
cp -a /root/TLS/apiserver/ca*pem    /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
cp -a /root/TLS/apiserver/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
ll /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
#输出
total 16
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Feb 10 14:41 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1359 Feb 10 14:41 ca.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Feb 10 14:43 server-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1619 Feb 10 14:43 server.pem

启动TLS bootstrapping机制

#生成token
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
b3059ea6ee7750d23813c526b71a3e17

#创建token文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
b3059ea6ee7750d23813c526b71a3e17,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF

使用systemd管理apiserver服务

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

2、部署kube-controller-manager服务

创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF

• 注释
• –master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
• –leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
• –cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致

创建服务的systemd配置管理文件

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

3、部署kube-scheduler服务

创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF

• 注释
• –master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
• –leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

使用systemd管理服务

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

查看集群状态
说明：kubernetes 在1.16版本的时候，查看cs集群状态，服务会出现unknow状态，网上查询说明，可能是cs接口被移除，在后续版本中可能还可以使用这个接口查询集群状态，v1.16.15版本尝试使用以下命令：

kubectl get cs -o=go-template='{{printf "NAME\t\t\tHEALTH_STATUS\tMESSAGE\t\n"}}{{range .items}}{{$name := .metadata.name}}{{range .conditions}}{{printf "%-24s%-16s%-20s\n" $name .status .message}}{{end}}{{end}}'

四、部署worker-node节点

说明：还是在master节点上操作，即master节点同时作为worker节点。

1、创建目录拷贝软件包

#在所有worker节点操作
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 

#拷贝kubelet kube-proxy配置文件
scp master:/usr/local/src/kubernetes/server/bin/{kubelet,kube-proxy} /opt/kubernetes/bin/

2、部署kubelet

（在master上创建后拷贝到worker节点）

创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF

• 注释
  –hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
  –network-plugin：启用CNI
  –kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
  –bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
  –config：配置参数文件
  –cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
  –pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local 
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

生成bootstrap.kubeconfig脚本

vim bootstrap-kubeconfig.sh
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash

KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.100.108:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="b3059ea6ee7750d23813c526b71a3e17" # 与token.csv里保持一致

# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#执行输出
[root@master ~]# bash bootstrap-kubeconfig.sh
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kubelet-bootstrap" set.
Context "default" created.
Switched to context "default".

#拷贝生成文件
cp -a bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

使用systemd管理kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

设置kubelet证书申请并加入集群

# 查看kubelet证书请求
[root@master ~]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-RgoEH4A6kVERa6gmY4a0wO4-s6IaqD8F6qEBOpNqoFI   92s   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

# 批准申请
[root@master ~]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-RgoEH4A6kVERa6gmY4a0wO4-s6IaqD8F6qEBOpNqoFI
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-RgoEH4A6kVERa6gmY4a0wO4-s6IaqD8F6qEBOpNqoFI approved

#查看节点
[root@master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
master   NotReady   <none>   9s    v1.16.15

3、部署kube-proxy

创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

配置config文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

生成kube-proxy证书

#切换到apiserver的目录下
cd /root/TLS/apiserver/

# 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

# 生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

# 查看证书
ls kube-proxy*pem

生成kubeconfig配置文件

vim kubeconfig.sh
--------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash

KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.100.108:6443"     #修改本地ip地址

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=/root/TLS/apiserver/kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=/root/TLS/apiserver/kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#执行脚本
[root@master ~]# bash kube-proxy-config.sh
Cluster "kubernetes" set.
User "kube-proxy" set.
Context "default" modified.
Switched to context "default".

#拷贝配置文件
cp -a kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

使用systemd管理服务

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

4、部署CNI网络

创建目录拷贝安装包

mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.9.0.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin/
./
./macvlan
./flannel
./static
./vlan
./portmap
./host-local
./vrf
./bridge
./tuning
./firewall
./host-device
./sbr
./loopback
./dhcp
./ptp
./ipvlan
./bandwidth

创建配置文件

#flannel yml文件地址https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/tree/master/Documentation
vim kube-flannel.yml
#以下是文件内容
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
  - configMap
  - secret
  - emptyDir
  - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
  - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
  resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
  verbs: ['use']
  resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.13.0
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.13.0
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#创建flannel服务
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
podsecuritypolicy.policy/psp.flannel.unprivileged created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds created

#查看容器运行状态
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-flannel-ds-cqwgq   1/1     Running   0          42s

#查看node状态
[root@master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME     STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
master   Ready    <none>   163m   v1.16.15

5、授权apiserver访问kubelet

#创建配置文件
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/proxy
      - nodes/stats
      - nodes/log
      - nodes/spec
      - nodes/metrics
      - pods/log
    verbs:
      - "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:kube-apiserver
  namespace: ""
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
  - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    kind: User
    name: kubernetes
EOF

# 执行配置文件
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver created

6、添加worker节点至集群中

拷贝文件

#在master节点操作
ssh node1 mkdir -p /opt/cni/
scp -r /opt/cni/ node1:/opt/cni/
scp /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet node1:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp /opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy node1:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem node1:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy* node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet* node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service node1:/usr/lib/systemd/system

#以下在worker节点上操作
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

#修改kubelet和kube-proxy配置文件
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf 
---------------------------------------------------
--hostname-override=master
 # 把上面的修改为下面这种
--hostname-override=node1 
--------------------------------------------------
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml 
---------------------------------------------------
hostnameOverride: master
#把上面得修改为下面的
hostnameOverride: node1
---------------------------------------------------

#启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

新节点认证

#查看kubelet申请证书
[root@master ~]# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE   REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-9RG_O18U0KpTNsdUQAHcfWRtx4uMpgK87rDFH_IMCBE   16h   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

#加入新节点
[root@master ~]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-9RG_O18U0KpTNsdUQAHcfWRtx4uMpgK87rDFH_IMCBE
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-9RG_O18U0KpTNsdUQAHcfWRtx4uMpgK87rDFH_IMCBE approved

#查看节点状态
[root@master opt]# kubectl get node
NAME     STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
master   Ready    <none>   25h     v1.16.15
node1    Ready    <none>   5h38m   v1.16.15

五、部署dashboard

1、下载dashboard.yaml

链接地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/v1.20.4/cluster/addons/dashboard

打开后复制本地，上传到节点上

修改文件，在32、36行添加port类型和端口

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort    #添加port类型
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001    #添加端口号
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard


---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      tolerations:
        - key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
          operator: "Exists"
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
    spec:
      securityContext:
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

2、创建证书

创建自签名证书

cd /root/TLS/k8s/
openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
openssl req -new -x509 -key ca.key -out ca.crt -days 3650 -subj "/C=CN/ST=HB/L=WH/O=DM/OU=YPT/CN=CA" 
openssl x509 -in ca.crt -noout -text

创建dashboard证书

openssl genrsa -out dashboard.key 2048
openssl req -new -sha256 -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr -subj "/C=CN/ST=HB/L=WH/O=DM/OU=YPT/CN=10.255.55.6"
#编辑文件
vim dashboard.cnf
----------------------------------------------------
extensions = san
[san]
keyUsage = digitalSignature
extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth,serverAuth
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
subjectAltName = IP:192.168.100.108,DNS:localhost   #节点IP地址
-----------------------------------------------------

openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 3650 -in dashboard.csr -out dashboard.crt -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -extfile dashboard.cnf
openssl x509 -in dashboard.crt -noout -text

3、创建dashboard

挂载证书到kubernetes-dashboard，创建dashboard服务

kubectl create namespace kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file="./dashboard.crt,./dashboard.key" -n kubernetes-dashboard
kubectl apply -f /root/dashboard.yaml

4、认证授权

启用RBAC认证授权，此时通过https协议访问30001端口即可打开dashboard的控制台，为了保护数据安全性，集群默认开启了RBAC认证授权，需要授予权限的用户才可以访问到kubernetes集群，因此需要授权用户访问集群，集群中已定有了cluster-admin的角色和相关的Role，ClusterRole和ClusterRoleBinding角色，定义ServiceAccount将其关联即可，如下:

vim dashboard-rbac.yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: dashboard-admin
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

5、获取token登录页面

获取token

kubectl describe  secret -n  kubernetes-dashboard $(kubectl  get  secret  -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin| awk  '{print $1}')

将上述token粘贴至页面

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参考链接：
https://github.com/
https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaobin-diray/p/13724988.html
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_21127151/article/details/113874239