分布式集群ELK——ELK日志分析系统

1.ELK日志分析系统简介

1.1 日志服务器

• 提高安全性
• 集中存放日志
• 缺陷
  • 对日志的分析困难
    

1.2 ELK日志分析系统

• Elasticsearch
• Logstash
• Kibana

1.2 日志处理步骤

1.将日志进行集中化管理
2.将日志格式化(Logstash) 并输出到Elasticsearch
3.对格式化后的数据进行索引|和存储(Elasticsearch)
4.前端数据的展示(Kibana)

2. Elasticsearch介绍

2.1 Elasticsearch的概述

• 提供了一个分布式多用户能力的全文搜索引擎

2.2 Elasticsearch核心概念

• 接近实时
  -集群
• 节点
• 索引
  • 索引(库)-→类型(表)→文档(记录)
• 分片和副本

3.Logstash介绍

3.1 Logstash介绍

• 一款强大的数据处理工具
• 可实现数据传输、格式处理、格式化输出
• 数据输入、数据加工(如过滤,改写等)以及数据输出

3.2 LogStash主要组件

• Shipper
• Indexer
• Broker
• Search and Storage
• Web Interface

4. Kibana介绍

4.1 Kibana介绍

• 一个针对Elasticsearch的开源分析及可视化平台
• 搜索、查看存储在Elasticsearch索引中的数据
• 通过各种图表进行高级数据分析及展示

4.2 Kibana主要功能

• Elasticsearch无缝之 集成
• 整合数据，复杂数据分析
• 让更多团队成员受益
• 接口灵活，分享更容易
• 配置简单，可视化多数据源
• 简单数据导出

5. 配置Elasticsearch

安装步骤

1.安装Elasticsearch软件
2.加载系统服务
3.更改Elasticsearch主配置文件
4.创建数据存放路径并授权
5.启动Elasticsearch并查看 是否成功开启
6.查看节点信息

6. 安装Elasticsearch-head插件

安装步骤

1.编译安装node
2.安装phantomjs
3.安装Elasticsearch-head
4.修改Elasticsearch主配置文件
5.启动服务
6.通过Elasticsearch-head查看 Elasticsearch信息
7.插入索引

7.安装部署logstash

安装步骤
1.在node3上安装Logstash
2.测试Logstash
3.修改Logstash配置文件

8.安装部署Kibana

安装步骤
1.在node1 服务器上安装Kibana,并设置开机启动
2.设 置Kibana的主配置文件/etc/kibana/kibana.yml
3.启动Kibana服务
4.验证Kibana
5.将Apache服务器的日志添加到Elasticsearch并通过Kibana显示

9.实验——安装部署ELK

9.1 实验环境

node1 192.168.200.40
node2 192.168.200.110
Apache服务器 192.168.200.120

9.2 实验拓扑

9.3 实验步骤

1 配置node1的Elasticsearch节点

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node1   //更改主机名
[root@localhost ~]# su            //切换主机名
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts     //修改hosts文件，添加节点和地址
192.168.200.40 node1
192.168.200.110 node2
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service       //停止防火墙
[root@node1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@node1 ~]# ping node2               //查看与node2 节点网络是否连通
PING node2 (192.168.200.110) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from node2 (192.168.200.110): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.525 ms
[root@node1 ~]# java -version     //查看Java版本
openjdk version "1.8.0_181"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)
[root@node1 opt]# ls
elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm  rh
[root@node1 opt]# rpm -ivh elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm      //手工编译安装elasticsearch
[root@node1 opt]# systemctl daemon-reload   //重新加载elasticsearch的配置文件
[root@node1 opt]# systemctl enable elasticsearch.service    
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/elasticsearch.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service.
[root@node1 opt]# cp -p /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml.bak  //备份
[root@node1 opt]# cd /etc/elasticsearch/
[root@node1 elasticsearch]# ls
elasticsearch.yml  elasticsearch.yml.bak  jvm.options  log4j2.properties  scripts
[root@node1 elasticsearch]# vim elasticsearch.yml   //配置配置文件
 17 cluster.name: my-elk-cluster          //集群名字
 23 node.name: node1						//节点名字
 33 path.data: /data/elk_data				//数据存放路径
 37 path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch		//日志存放路径
43 bootstrap.memory_lock: false				//不在启动的时候锁定内存
55 network.host: 0.0.0.0					//提供服务绑定的ip地址，0.0.0.0代表所有地址
 59 http.port: 9200							//侦听端口为9200
 68 discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node1", "node2"]   //集群发现通过单播实现
[root@node1 elasticsearch]# grep -v "^#" elasticsearch.yml    //查看修改配置八行，过滤检查
cluster.name: my-elk-cluster
node.name: node1
path.data: /data/elk_data
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
bootstrap.memory_lock: false
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node1", "node2"]
[root@node1 elasticsearch]# mkdir -p /data/elk_data      //递归创建数据存放路径
[root@node1 elasticsearch]# id elasticsearch			  //查看系统用户
uid=987(elasticsearch) gid=981(elasticsearch) 组=981(elasticsearch)
[root@node1 elasticsearch]# chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/elk_data/    //赋予权限  属主属组
[root@node1 elasticsearch]# systemctl start elasticsearch.service        //开启服务
[root@node1 elasticsearch]# netstat -antp | grep 9200
tcp6       0      0 :::9200                 :::*                    LISTEN      69796/java

2 配置node2的Elasticsearch节点，和上面的操作一样

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node2
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@node2 ~]#  vim /etc/hosts
192.168.200.40 node1
192.168.200.110 node2
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@node2 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@node2 ~]# ping node1
PING node1 (192.168.200.40) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from node1 (192.168.200.40): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.208 ms
[root@node2 ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_181"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)
[root@node2 ~]# cd /opt/
[root@node2 opt]# ls
elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm  rh
[root@node2 opt]# rpm -ivh elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm 
[root@node2 opt]#  systemctl daemon-reload
[root@node2 opt]# systemctl enable elasticsearch.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/elasticsearch.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service.
[root@node2 opt]# cp -p /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml.bak
[root@node2 opt]# cd /etc/elasticsearch/
[root@node2 elasticsearch]# ls
elasticsearch.yml  elasticsearch.yml.bak  jvm.options  log4j2.properties  scripts
[root@node2 elasticsearch]# vim elasticsearch.yml
 17 cluster.name: my-elk-cluster
 23 node.name: node2
 33 path.data: /data/elk_data
 37 path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
43 bootstrap.memory_lock: false
55 network.host: 0.0.0.0
 59 http.port: 9200
 68 discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node1", "node2"]
[root@node2 elasticsearch]# grep -v "^#" elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: my-elk-cluster
node.name: node2
path.data: /data/elk_data
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
bootstrap.memory_lock: false
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node1", "node2"]
[root@node2 elasticsearch]# mkdir -p /data/elk_data
[root@node2 elasticsearch]# id elasticsearch
uid=987(elasticsearch) gid=981(elasticsearch) 组=981(elasticsearch)
[root@node2 elasticsearch]# chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/elk_data/
[root@node2 elasticsearch]# systemctl start elasticsearch.service
[root@node2 elasticsearch]# netstat -antp | grep 9200
tcp6       0      0 :::9200                 :::*                    LISTEN      70239/java

3 使用win10客户端访问9200端口，查看elasticsearch服务

检查集群健康状况


检查集群状态信息，节点信息更加详细

4 安装elasticsearch-head插件（数据可视化工具）

• 节点1

[root@node1 elasticsearch]# cd /opt/
[root@node1 opt]# ls
elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm    node-v8.2.1.tar.gz                    rh
elasticsearch-head.tar.gz  phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
[root@node1 opt]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make
[root@node1 opt]# tar zxvf node-v8.2.1.tar.gz 
[root@node1 opt]# cd node-v8.2.1/
[root@node1 node-v8.2.1]# ./configure 
[root@node1 node-v8.2.1]# make -j8 （开启几个核心编译）
[root@node1 node-v8.2.1]# make install
[root@node1 node-v8.2.1]# cd /opt/
[root@node1 opt]# tar jxvf phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/src/   //前端框架
[root@node1 opt]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@node1 src]# ls
phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64
[root@node1 src]# cd phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64/
[root@node1 phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64]# ls
bin  ChangeLog  examples  LICENSE.BSD  README.md  third-party.txt
[root@node1 phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64]# cd bin/
[root@node1 bin]# ls
phantomjs
[root@node1 bin]# cp phantomjs /usr/local/bin/
[root@node1 bin]# cd /opt/
[root@node1 opt]# tar zxvf elasticsearch-head.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@node1 opt]# cd /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head/
[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# npm install
npm WARN deprecated [email protected]: fsevents 1 will break on node v14+ and could be using insecure binaries. Upgrade to fsevents 2.
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@^1.0.0 (node_modules/karma/node_modules/chokidar/node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for [email protected]: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"linux","arch":"x64"})
npm WARN [email protected] license should be a valid SPDX license expression
up to date in 3.523s
[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
http.cors.enabled: true                   //开启跨域访问支持，默认为false
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"					//跨域访问允许的域名地址
[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# systemctl restart elasticsearch.service
[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# npm run start &                   //切换到后台运行
[1] 115927
[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# 
> [email protected] start /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head
> grunt server

Running "connect:server" (connect) task
Waiting forever...
Started connect web server on http://localhost:9100
[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# netstat -antp | grep 9100
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9100            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      115937/grunt        
[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# netstat -antp | grep 9200
tcp6       0      0 :::9200                 :::*                    LISTEN      115812/java 

• 节点2

[root@node2 elasticsearch]# cd /opt/
[root@node2 opt]# ls
elasticsearch-5.5.0.rpm    node-v8.2.1.tar.gz                    rh
elasticsearch-head.tar.gz  phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
[root@node2 opt]#  yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make
[root@node2 opt]# tar zxvf node-v8.2.1.tar.gz 
[root@node2 opt]# cd node-v8.2.1/
[root@node2 node-v8.2.1]# ./configure
[root@node2 node-v8.2.1]# make install
[root@node2 node-v8.2.1]#  cd /opt/
[root@node2 opt]# tar jxvf phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/src/
[root@node2 opt]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@node2 src]# ls
phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64
[root@node2 src]# cd phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64/
[root@node2 phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64]# ls
bin  ChangeLog  examples  LICENSE.BSD  README.md  third-party.txt
[root@node2 phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64]# cd bin/
[root@node2 bin]# ls
phantomjs
[root@node2 bin]# cp phantomjs /usr/local/bin/
[root@node2 bin]# cd /opt/
[root@node2 opt]# tar zxvf elasticsearch-head.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@node2 opt]# cd /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head/
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# npm install
npm WARN deprecated [email protected]: fsevents 1 will break on node v14+ and could be using insecure binaries. Upgrade to fsevents 2.
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: fsevents@^1.0.0 (node_modules/karma/node_modules/chokidar/node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for [email protected]: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"linux","arch":"x64"})
npm WARN [email protected] license should be a valid SPDX license expression
up to date in 19.439s
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# systemctl restart elasticsearch.service
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# npm run start &
[1] 116323
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# 
> [email protected] start /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head
> grunt server

Running "connect:server" (connect) task
Waiting forever...
Started connect web server on http://localhost:9100
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# netstat -antp | grep 9100
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9100            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      116333/grunt       
[root@node2 elasticsearch-head]# netstat -antp | grep 9200
tcp6       0      0 :::9200                 :::*                    LISTEN      116210/java

• 使用win10访问9100端口，查看
  
  

• 创建索引
  
  

• 写入数据

pretty&pretty' -H 'content-Type: application/json' -d '{"user":"zhangsan","mesg":"hello world"}'
{
  "_index" : "index-demo",
  "_type" : "test",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "created" : true
}

5 安装logstash——192.168.200.120

1.更改主机名，关闭防火墙，核心防护

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname apache
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@apache ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@apache ~]# setenforce 0

2.安装Apache并启动

[root@apache ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@apache ~]# systemctl start httpd.service 

3.安装Java环境

[root@apache ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_181"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

4.安装logstash,启动

[root@apache ~]# cd /opt/
[root@apache opt]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@apache opt]# ls
logstash-5.5.1.rpm  rh
[root@apache opt]# rpm -ivh logstash-5.5.1.rpm 
[root@apache opt]# systemctl start logstash.service 
[root@apache opt]# ln -s /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash /usr/local/bin/       //建立logstash软链接

5.logstash (Apache) 与elasticsearch (node)功能是否正常，做对接测试####
Logstash这个命令测试
字段描述解释:
-f通过这个选项可以指定logstash的配置文件，根据配置文件配置logstash
-e 后面跟着字符串该字符串可以被当做logstash的配置(如果是””,则默认使用stdin做为输入、stdout作为输出)
-t测试配置文件是否正确，然后退出

6、输入采用标准输入 输出采用标准输出 在Apache服务器上

[root@apache opt]# logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { stdout{} }'
www.kgc.com    //输入
2020-09-16T07:19:26.160Z apache www.kgc.com   //显示
www.benet.com
2020-09-16T07:19:32.708Z apache www.benet.com

7、使用rubydebug显示向西输出，codec为一种编解码器

[root@apache opt]# logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { stdout{ codec=>rubydebug } }'
{
    "@timestamp" => 2020-09-16T07:21:08.619Z,
      "@version" => "1",
          "host" => "apache",
       "message" => "www.kgc.com"
}

8、使用logstash将信息写入elasticsearch中

[root@apache opt]# logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { elasticsearch{ hosts=>["192.168.200.40"] } }'
。。。。。。省略。。。。。

9.配置logstash配置文件

[root@apache opt]# chmod o+r /var/log/messages 
[root@apache opt]# ll /var/log/messages 
-rw----r--. 1 root root 967722 9月  16 15:44 /var/log/messages
[root@apache opt]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/system.conf
input {
        file{
          path => "/var/log/messages"
          type => "system"
          start_position => "beginning"
          }
        }
output {
        elasticsearch {
          hosts => ["192.168.200.40:9200"]
          index => "system-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
          }
        }
[root@apache opt]# systemctl restart logstash.service 

6 安装kibana——192.168.200.40

1.安装kibana

[root@node1 elasticsearch-head]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@node1 src]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@node1 src]# ls
elasticsearch-head  kibana-5.5.1-x86_64.rpm  phantomjs-2.1.1-linux-x86_64
[root@node1 src]# rpm -ivh kibana-5.5.1-x86_64.rpm 
[root@node1 src]# cd /etc/kibana/
[root@node1 kibana]# cp kibana.yml kibana.yml.bak
[root@node1 kibana]# ls
kibana.yml  kibana.yml.bak
[root@node1 kibana]# vim kibana.yml
  2 server.port: 5601                                  //打开kibana端口
  7 server.host: "0.0.0.0"		//kibana侦听的地址
 21 elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.200.40:9200"            //和elasticsearch建立联系
 30 kibana.index: ".kibana"                         //在elasticsearch中添加.kibana索引
[root@node1 kibana]# systemctl start kibana.service           //启动kibana
[root@node1 kibana]# systemctl enable kibana.service        //设置开机启动
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kibana.service to /etc/systemd/system/kibana.service.

7 访问kibana网页

在浏览器输入192.168.200.40:5601访问kibana网页
设置好想要查询的时间点

8 对接Apache主机的日志

[root@apache conf.d]# cd /etc/logstash/conf.d/
[root@apache conf.d]# vim apache_log.conf
input {
     file{
        path => "/etc/httpd/logs/access_log"
        type => "access"
        start_position => "beginning"
        }
     file{
        path => "/etc/httpd/logs/error_log"
        type => "error"
        start_position => "beginning"
        }
      }
output {
     if [type] == "access" {
     elasticsearch {
        hosts => ["192.168.200.40:9200"]
        index => "apache_access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
        }
     }
     if [type] == "error" {
     elasticsearch {
        hosts => ["192.168.200.40:9200"]
        index => "apache_error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
        }
     }   
   }
[root@apache conf.d]# logstash -f apache_log.conf