SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离Demo(一):验证码获取及显示

一、流程分析

SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离Demo(一):验证码获取及显示_第1张图片

二、目录结构

SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离Demo(一):验证码获取及显示_第2张图片

三、后端验证码相关代码

1. 验证码工具类

package com.chen.utils;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 *@创建人  cx
 *@创建时间  2018/11/27 17:36
 *@描述   验证码生成
 */
public class VerifyCodeUtils{

    //使用到Algerian字体,系统里没有的话需要安装字体,字体只显示大写,去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
    public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    private static Random random = new Random();


    /**
     * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
     * @param verifySize    验证码长度
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
        return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
    }
    /**
     * 使用指定源生成验证码
     * @param verifySize    验证码长度
     * @param sources   验证码字符源
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
        if(sources == null || sources.length() == 0){
            sources = VERIFY_CODES;
        }
        int codesLen = sources.length();
        Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
        StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
        for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
            verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
        }
        return verifyCode.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException{
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /**
     * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException{
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /**
     * 生成指定验证码图像文件
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException{
        if(outputFile == null){
            return;
        }
        File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
        if(!dir.exists()){
            dir.mkdirs();
        }
        try{
            outputFile.createNewFile();
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
            fos.close();
        } catch(IOException e){
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 输出指定验证码图片流
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException{
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Random rand = new Random();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] { Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
                Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
                Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
        float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
        for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }
        Arrays.sort(fractions);

        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);

        //绘制干扰线
        Random random = new Random();
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
        }

        // 添加噪点
        float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w);
            int y = random.nextInt(h);
            int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
        }

        shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲

        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        int fontSize = h-4;
        Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
        for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
        }

        g2.dispose();
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
    }

    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        if (fc > 255)
            fc = 255;
        if (bc > 255)
            bc = 255;
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        for (int c : rgb) {
            color = color << 8;
            color = color | c;
        }
        return color;
    }

    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }
        return rgb;
    }

    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }

    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(2);

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);

        for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
                g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
            }
        }

    }

    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
            }

        }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //获取验证码
        String s = generateVerifyCode(4);
        //将验证码放入图片中
        outputImage(260,60,new File("/Users/chenyannan/Desktop/安工资料/aa.jpg"),s);
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

效果图:
在这里插入图片描述

2. 后端调用工具类,生成验证码图片,响应请求

后端响应前端数据请求,具体流程:

  1. 前端请求http://localhost/user/getImage
  2. 后端返回一个base64的图片字符串

1.使用工具类生成验证码
2.将验证码放入servletContext作用域
3.将图片转换成base64数据流,便于前端解析

代码:

package com.chen.controller;

import com.chen.utils.VerifyCodeUtils;
import org.springframework.util.Base64Utils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author 淡
 * @version 1.0
 * @description
 * @create 2021-02-23 12:44
 */
@RestController
@CrossOrigin//允许跨域
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {


    /**
     * @description 生成验证码图片
     * 
* @param request HttpServletRequest对象 * 代表客户端的请求, * 当客户端通过HTTP协议访问服务器时, * HTTP请求头中的所有信息都封装在这个对象中, * 通过这个对象提供的方法,可以获得客户端请求的所有信息。 * @return java.lang.String * @author 淡 * @since 2021/2/23 12:47 */
@GetMapping("getImage") public String getImageCode(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { //1.使用工具类生成验证码 String code = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4); //2.将验证码放入servletContext作用域 request.getServletContext().setAttribute("code",code); //3.将图片转换成base64 //字节数组输出流在内存中创建一个字节数组缓冲区,所有发送到输出流的数据保存在该字节数组缓冲区中。 ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); //将得到的验证码,使用工具类生成验证码图片,并放入到字节数组缓存区 VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(220,60,byteArrayOutputStream,code); //使用spring提供的工具类,将字节缓存数组中的验证码图片流转换成Base64的形式 //并返回给浏览器 return "data:image/png;base64," + Base64Utils.encodeToString(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()); } }

四、前端实现验证码功能

regist.html


<html>
	<head>
		<title>registtitle>
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css" />
	head>
	<body>
		<div id="wrap">
			<div id="top_content">
					<div id="header">
						<div id="rightheader">
							<p>
								2009/11/20
								<br />
							p>
						div>
						<div id="topheader">
							<h1 id="title">
								<a href="#">maina>
							h1>
						div>
						<div id="navigation">
						div>
					div>
				<div id="content">
					<p id="whereami">
					p>
					<h1>
						注册
					h1>
					<form action="login.html" method="post">
						<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
							class="form_table">
							<tr>
								<td valign="middle" align="right">
									用户名:
								td>
								<td valign="middle" align="left">
									<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="username" />
								td>
							tr>
							<tr>
								<td valign="middle" align="right">
									真实姓名:
								td>
								<td valign="middle" align="left">
									<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="name" />
								td>
							tr>
							<tr>
								<td valign="middle" align="right">
									密码:
								td>
								<td valign="middle" align="left">
									<input type="password" class="inputgri" name="pwd" />
								td>
							tr>
							<tr>
								<td valign="middle" align="right">
									性别:
								td>
								<td valign="middle" align="left"><input type="radio" class="inputgri" name="sex" value="m" checked="checked"/><input type="radio" class="inputgri" name="sex" value="f"/>
								td>
							tr>
							
							<tr>
								<td valign="middle" align="right">
									验证码:
								td>
								<td valign="middle" align="left">
									<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="number" />
								td>

								<td>
									
									<img id="num" :src="url"/>

									<a href="javascript:;" @click="getImage">换一张a>
								td>


							tr>
						table>
						<p>
							<input type="submit" class="button" value="Submit »" />
						p>
					form>
				div>
			div>
			<div id="footer">
				<div id="footer_bg">
				[email protected]
				div>
			div>
		div>
	body>
html>

<script src="/ems_vue/js/vue.js">script>

<script src="/ems_vue/js/axios.min.js">script>
<script>
<!--	vue实例-->
	var app = new Vue({
		//挂载作用域
		//从register.html中可得知,整个都是由wrap包裹起来
		//所以作用域传wrap进来即可
		el:"#wrap",
		//作用域中获取的数据
		data:{
			//定义一个属性url,用来存从后端取得的验证码数据
			//让页面调用这个属性,即可得到验证码图片
			url:"",
		},
		methods:{
			//用来更换验证码
			getImage(){
				this.getSrc();
			},

			//获取验证码,代码复用,便于调用
			getSrc(){
				var _this = this;
				//console.log("xxxx");
				//异步请求:请求验证码图片
				axios.get("http://localhost:8989/ems_vue/user/getImage?time="+Math.random()).then(res=>{
					console.log(res.data);
					//把图片赋给url属性
					_this.url = res.data;
				});
			}
		},
		//页面创建之前进行处理
		//用来在页面创建前,请求获取验证码
		created(){
			//获取验证码
			this.getSrc();
		}
	})
script>

整个html中,与上述流程相关的地方(注释都很清楚了,不再赘言):
SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离Demo(一):验证码获取及显示_第3张图片

SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离Demo(一):验证码获取及显示_第4张图片
完整工程:
https://github.com/ChenChenSi/SpringBoot-Vue-MyBatis-/tree/VerificationCodeDome

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