SpringBoot+Vue前后端分离Demo（一）：验证码获取及显示
一、流程分析
二、目录结构
三、后端验证码相关代码
1. 验证码工具类
package com.chen.utils;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
/**
*@创建人 cx
*@创建时间 2018/11/27 17:36
*@描述 验证码生成
*/
public class VerifyCodeUtils{
//使用到Algerian字体，系统里没有的话需要安装字体，字体只显示大写，去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
private static Random random = new Random();
/**
* 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
}
/**
* 使用指定源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @param sources 验证码字符源
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
if(sources == null || sources.length() == 0){
sources = VERIFY_CODES;
}
int codesLen = sources.length();
Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
}
return verifyCode.toString();
}
/**
* 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
* @param w
* @param h
* @param outputFile
* @param verifySize
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException{
String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
return verifyCode;
}
/**
* 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
* @param w
* @param h
* @param os
* @param verifySize
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException{
String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
return verifyCode;
}
/**
* 生成指定验证码图像文件
* @param w
* @param h
* @param outputFile
* @param code
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException{
if(outputFile == null){
return;
}
File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
if(!dir.exists()){
dir.mkdirs();
}
try{
outputFile.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
fos.close();
} catch(IOException e){
throw e;
}
}
/**
* 输出指定验证码图片流
* @param w
* @param h
* @param os
* @param code
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException{
int verifySize = code.length();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Random rand = new Random();
Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
Color[] colors = new Color[5];
Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] { Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
}
Arrays.sort(fractions);
g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);
//绘制干扰线
Random random = new Random();
g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
}
// 添加噪点
float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w);
int y = random.nextInt(h);
int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
}
shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲
g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
int fontSize = h-4;
Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
g2.setFont(font);
char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
g2.setTransform(affine);
g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
}
g2.dispose();
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
}
private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
if (fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if (bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
private static int getRandomIntColor() {
int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
int color = 0;
for (int c : rgb) {
color = color << 8;
color = color | c;
}
return color;
}
private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
int[] rgb = new int[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
}
return rgb;
}
private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
}
private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(2);
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 1;
int phase = random.nextInt(2);
for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
}
}
}
private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 20;
int phase = 7;
for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//获取验证码
String s = generateVerifyCode(4);
//将验证码放入图片中
outputImage(260,60,new File("/Users/chenyannan/Desktop/安工资料/aa.jpg"),s);
System.out.println(s);
}
}
效果图：
2. 后端调用工具类，生成验证码图片，响应请求
后端响应前端数据请求，具体流程：
- 前端请求http://localhost/user/getImage
- 后端返回一个base64的图片字符串
1.使用工具类生成验证码
2.将验证码放入servletContext作用域
3.将图片转换成base64数据流，便于前端解析
代码：
package com.chen.controller;
import com.chen.utils.VerifyCodeUtils;
import org.springframework.util.Base64Utils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 淡
* @version 1.0
* @description
* @create 2021-02-23 12:44
*/
@RestController
@CrossOrigin//允许跨域
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {
/**
* @description 生成验证码图片
*
* @param request HttpServletRequest对象
* 代表客户端的请求，
* 当客户端通过HTTP协议访问服务器时，
* HTTP请求头中的所有信息都封装在这个对象中，
* 通过这个对象提供的方法，可以获得客户端请求的所有信息。
* @return java.lang.String
* @author 淡
* @since 2021/2/23 12:47
*/
@GetMapping("getImage")
public String getImageCode(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//1.使用工具类生成验证码
String code = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
//2.将验证码放入servletContext作用域
request.getServletContext().setAttribute("code",code);
//3.将图片转换成base64
//字节数组输出流在内存中创建一个字节数组缓冲区，所有发送到输出流的数据保存在该字节数组缓冲区中。
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//将得到的验证码，使用工具类生成验证码图片，并放入到字节数组缓存区
VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(220,60,byteArrayOutputStream,code);
//使用spring提供的工具类，将字节缓存数组中的验证码图片流转换成Base64的形式
//并返回给浏览器
return "data:image/png;base64," + Base64Utils.encodeToString(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());
}
}
四、前端实现验证码功能
regist.html
<html>
<head>
<title>registtitle>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css" />
head>
<body>
<div id="wrap">
<div id="top_content">
<div id="header">
<div id="rightheader">
<p>
2009/11/20
<br />
p>
div>
<div id="topheader">
<h1 id="title">
<a href="#">maina>
h1>
div>
<div id="navigation">
div>
div>
<div id="content">
<p id="whereami">
p>
<h1>
注册
h1>
<form action="login.html" method="post">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
class="form_table">
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
用户名:
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="username" />
td>
tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
真实姓名:
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="name" />
td>
tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
密码:
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
<input type="password" class="inputgri" name="pwd" />
td>
tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
性别:
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
男
<input type="radio" class="inputgri" name="sex" value="m" checked="checked"/>
女
<input type="radio" class="inputgri" name="sex" value="f"/>
td>
tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="right">
验证码:
td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">
<input type="text" class="inputgri" name="number" />
td>
<td>
<img id="num" :src="url"/>
<a href="javascript:;" @click="getImage">换一张a>
td>
tr>
table>
<p>
<input type="submit" class="button" value="Submit »" />
p>
form>
div>
div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer_bg">
[email protected]
div>
div>
div>
body>
html>
<script src="/ems_vue/js/vue.js">script>
<script src="/ems_vue/js/axios.min.js">script>
<script>
<!-- vue实例-->
var app = new Vue({
//挂载作用域
//从register.html中可得知，整个都是由wrap包裹起来
//所以作用域传wrap进来即可
el:"#wrap",
//作用域中获取的数据
data:{
//定义一个属性url，用来存从后端取得的验证码数据
//让页面调用这个属性，即可得到验证码图片
url:"",
},
methods:{
//用来更换验证码
getImage(){
this.getSrc();
},
//获取验证码，代码复用，便于调用
getSrc(){
var _this = this;
//console.log("xxxx");
//异步请求：请求验证码图片
axios.get("http://localhost:8989/ems_vue/user/getImage?time="+Math.random()).then(res=>{
console.log(res.data);
//把图片赋给url属性
_this.url = res.data;
});
}
},
//页面创建之前进行处理
//用来在页面创建前，请求获取验证码
created(){
//获取验证码
this.getSrc();
}
})
script>
整个html中，与上述流程相关的地方（注释都很清楚了，不再赘言）：
完整工程：
https://github.com/ChenChenSi/SpringBoot-Vue-MyBatis-/tree/VerificationCodeDome