LITERATURE REVIEW Alzheimer's app 阿尔兹海默症患者辅助app构思
Introduction
The objective of this review is to understand what is known about the apps design of medical for Alzheimer's patients[1]. This may include the following: exploring whether the application can provide the heart rate, exploring whether the application can store location, heart rate, weather, temperature, GPS location, message information transmission method[2] and alarm information transmission method.
Research Questions
The equipment needs to embody the main functions:
1. The device will judge whether the patient is in an abnormal state by the heart rate and sound state of the patient. Whether at home or outdoors, when the abnormal state occurs, the mobile application needs to immediately sound an alarm and send a real-time geographic location[3] to the guardian's mobile phone. In the case that respond patient is safety, then the device checks again for them to confirm they are safety.
2. Store data[4] about location, heart rate, weather, temperature, and episode interval in the app to analyze the patient's condition.
3. Enable geofencing to avoid false positives in a moderately safe location at home. After the user downloads the app, they will be prompted to set a safe distance in the device. The phone automatically receives notifications and warnings[5] if the phone enters, leaves, or is active in a particular geographic area.
4. The device provides detailed information about the guardian's phone number, home address, etc., which is obvious to passers-by, can instruct passers-by to take the patient to the coffee shop or safe area, and then notify the patient's guardian.
Background
What is Alzheimer's disease[6]? Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with latent onset. Clinical manifestations of dementia include memory impairment, aphasia, agnosia, visual spatial skills[7] impairment, executive dysfunction and personality and behavioral changes, the disease is called Alzheimer's disease. The etiology of dementia is still unknown.
The onset of the disease is slow or obscure. Patients and family members often do not know when it starts. Most of the patients were over 70 years old (male average 73 years old, female 75 years old). A few of the patients had rapid manifestation of symptoms after physical disease[8], fracture or mental stimulation. Women were more than men (female: male: 3: 1). The main manifestations are the decline of cognitive function, mental symptoms and behavioral disorders, and the gradual decline of daily living ability. According to the deterioration of cognitive ability and physical function, it is divided into three periods.
The first stage (1~3 years)
It is mild dementia stage. It is manifested by memory loss and forgetfulness of recent events; poor judgment, patients can not analyze, think and judge events, difficult to deal with complex problems; careless work or housework, unable to independently carry out shopping, economic affairs, social difficulties.
The second stage (2~10 years)
It is a moderate dementia stage. It is manifested by severe impairment of near and far memory, decline of visual space ability of simple structure, and obstacle of orientation of time and place; serious impairment in dealing with problems, identifying similarities and differences of things;
The third stage (8~12 years)
For severe dementia stage. The patient is totally dependent on the caregiver, with severe memory loss and only fragments of memory; daily life can not take care of itself, incontinence of urine and urine, silence, rigidity of limbs, positive pyramidal signs, strong grip, groping and sucking primitive reflexes can be seen on physical examination. Eventually, coma usually dies from infection and other complications.
With the rapid development of social economy, the contents of medical management are diversified and the objects of medical service are diversified. Community medical care has developed into an important branch of the whole medical system, which puts forward high requirements for the hardware and software facilities of medical institutions. Millions of people worldwide are obsessed with Alzheimer's disease every year.
According to the Alzheimer's Association, Alzheimer's disease is the sixth most lethal disease in the United States, with more deaths than breast and prostate cancer combined. According to statistics, the memory and activity ability of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease weakens with the increase of the disease. In other words, getting lost and falling are the biggest causes of injury to the patient, if the patient cannot reach a safe place in time, there is a high probability that the patient will be missing; If the patient is unable to seek medical attention after the fall, the patient may die. However, when the patient suddenly has an abnormality[9], if the equipment they carry can promptly send out a distress signal and location, and notify the caregiver, family or friends in time, then the patient can be helped of seek medical treatment in time and minimize the damage suffered by the patient.
Therefore, it is urgent to develop and design a suitable medical service system for Alzheimer's patients, which has great theoretical and practical significance.
At present, medical informationization has initially formed an online and offline integration model, the public can more easily self-help prediction or diagnosis of diseases, is the medical resources to serve the public more fully.
These models and systems, regardless of scale or utility, have not achieved the goal of all population medical informatization construction. Regional medical informatization construction still needs to learn from various experiences and make breakthroughs on the basis of earlier construction. And the main method for detecting falls in the elderly is based on video image analysis, wearing device detection, and the like. The image analysis method requires multiple cameras to be installed, which is costly and has a large amount of data, which is not conducive to protecting personal privacy. In many ways, smartphone-based methods are the most convenient, most efficient, and least costly. Therefore, smartphone-based accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS and other modules are used to design and implement communication systems that can be used for fall detection and help in the elderly. With mobile application, the elderly fall monitoring and alarm rescue can be realized effectively and conveniently.
Artificial Intelligence
A detailed analysis of the development prospects of AI industry shows that its market is huge and its growth is considerable. According to Statista, the global AI market will maintain an average annual growth rate of 50.7% over the next 10 years, reaching $36.9 billion by 2025.
By 2017, the size of the AI market is expected to grow to about $1.25 billion. By 2025, the market will reach 36.9 billion US dollars, with an average compound annual growth rate of 50.7%, and the global AI market will grow by 94% in 2017. At present, AI is mainly used in image recognition, target recognition, detection and classification, and automatic analysis of geophysical characteristics. The biggest revenue of AI industry comes from enterprise application market. Artificial intelligence will promote global economic development. By 2035, AI will double the annual economic growth rate of these 12 developed economies and possibly increase China's economic growth rate by 1.6 percentage points.
The field of perceptual intelligence is relatively mature. The artificial intelligence industry with bright prospects of speech recognition and computer vision is in the advanced stage from perceptual intelligence to cognitive intelligence. The former has matured in some areas, while the latter still needs to be broken through. On the basis of the rapid upgrading of basic computing resources and data resources to a new step, AI has completed the process of leaping from low-level computational intelligence to perceptual intelligence, and based on this, it has gradually advanced to cognitive intelligence[10]. At present, at the perceptual level, some technologies, such as voice, image and so on, are basically mature and have the basis of large-scale application. At the cognitive intelligence level, because the machine is required to think and act like a human, its analysis and judgment must depend on the maturity of the perceptual layer. Just like when the machine simulates human, only the eyes and ears can not be called human. Therefore, under the background that the perceptual layer has not been comprehensively broken through in many aspects, it is difficult for the cognitive layer to make a significant breakthrough, such as unmanned, fully automated intelligent robots and so on, which are still under development, and it is considered that there is still a certain distance from large-scale applications.
Through the detailed analysis of the development[11] prospects of AI industry, we know that the basic conditions for the development of AI industry have been met, and that the next decade will be the outbreak period of accelerated popularization of AI technology. Artificial intelligence has significant spillover effect, which will drive the continuous progress of other related technologies and promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and the overall breakthrough of strategic emerging industries. This year, AI technology is expected to spawn new application models and products in agriculture[12], industry, service industry and other fields. In the field of agriculture, artificial intelligence will provide more intelligent assistant means for crop production. Its role will run through the whole production process from planting, irrigation to harvesting. Artificial intelligence will help to realize automatic and intelligent irrigation mode, improve irrigation efficiency and reduce water waste. In the industrial field, AI will be applied to many links of production and manufacturing, and improve the existing manufacturing control and management system[13]. Fully automatic production line will greatly improve the manufacturing efficiency and quality of products, reduce manpower investment, and be easy to realize new manufacturing modes such as personalized customization. In the field of service industry, the application scenarios of AI technology are more diverse, covering many fields such as education, finance, transportation, medical treatment, entertainment, public management and so on. For example, in the medical field, the intelligent clinical decision support system will help to improve the accuracy and efficiency of clinical diagnosis and greatly improve the level of medical services.
Methodology
Search and selection strategy
The retrieval approach is mainly determined by the known conditions determined in the analysis of the subject and the retrieval approach provided by the selected retrieval tools. Commonly used retrieval methods include author, classification, subject, title, document number, code (such as molecular formula, product type), citation, etc., as well as document type, publication time, language and so on. Each approach must be based on specific information known.
Search terms, also known as search points, correspond to search approaches and are the embodiment of search approaches. To determine the search term is to convert the various elements and retrieval requirements contained in the search topic into the search identifiers allowed to be used in the search tool/database. That is to say, using the selected search tool/database thesaurus (e.g. thesaurus, classification table) to express the theme concepts of the search questions, to form the theme words or classification numbers, or to be the key words (depending on the retrieval system), the names of people, places and documents, etc.
We have consulted the library literature which contains the key words of Alzheimer's disease, medicine, application program, artificial intelligence, machine learning and so on. Search the English literature in the last ten years, screen the search results, and select the literature consistent with the content of this study for research..
Requirement analysis
Through the relevant systems on the current market, app research and access to information about Alzheimer's disease patients, and consulting some developers who have Alzheimer's assistant systems, the final functions and needs were identified.
technical feasibility
The Auxiliary app involved in this paper adopts the original software architecture mode, the server operating system uses linux!, and uses Java and AI related technology to realize the development of the system. The data exchange format of the whole process adopts the standard XML data exchange format, which is not only for reducing the network traffic, but also for the future system. Upgrading and data mining and sharing.
The architecture includes Android/IOS operating system[14], MySQL database and Java script language. These open source softwares are often used to build servers and dynamic websites. These softwares are independent of each other, but because they are often used together, the compatibility between softwares becomes better and better, and a powerful system of interaction between app and background services is gradually formed.
MySQL is a small and medium-sized relational database management system, developed and designed by Swedish MySQL Company, and currently belongs to Oracle Company. MySQL is an open source free database management system. Users can download them for free. MySQL is currently widely used in various websites on the Internet. Because of its small size, fast speed, low overall cost of ownership, especially open source, many small and medium-sized websites choose MySQL as the website database in order to reduce the overall cost of the website. Because of its excellent performance, MySQL is also used by many large companies as their own database, such as Yahoo, Google, Baidu, Tencent and other companies have adopted MySQL database. The MySQL database is the fastest database that runs SQL statements.
JAVA is currently a popular app development language. Java develops native apps[15] and then interacts with databases and adds artificial intelligence technology, which can help people with Alzheimer's disease live a better life.
Results
App includes the following:
1. provide heart rate detection.
2. temperature detection
3.GPS location
4. Message information transmission method and accident alarm function.
The flow chart is as follows:
Relevant legal professionals said that when patients go to hospital for treatment, both doctors and patients form a legal contract relationship. However, the prescriptions obtained by users on medical APP do not have clear legal norms. Once misleading problems arise, users will have difficulty in safeguarding their rights.
Discussion
At present, many medical APPs can solve or help patients recover to a certain extent. Most mobile apps have the basic knowledge of daily nursing for related diseases, and can even provide the corresponding patients with healthy diets, health reports and solutions. In the past, if there were any health problems, they would run to the hospital, queue up for registration and make an appointment for consultation and treatment, which would make it difficult for people to see a doctor. Now, with this APP, it would be much more convenient. Generally, the problems related to diseases can be obtained or helped on it, and it can solve the problems of daily health care and nursing for people. For the elderly with Alzheimer's disease have greater help.
Therefore, we should strengthen the audit and supervision of relevant platforms, purify the medical environment, do not rely solely on app, should be multi-dimensional combination of treatment.
Conclusions
In the software field of adjuvant therapy for patients with Alzheimer's disease, some related products have been published at home and abroad, but they are still far from enough. Although some problems need to be solved urgently, there is still a long way to go. How to deal with the symptoms and needs of patients with Alzheimer's disease involves a very practical, appropriate degree of adherence of patients need to be more explored and studied in the humanized app. From the in-depth study of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease patients and the feasibility study of APP software development, this paper formulates the software development plan. Some problems and obstacles existing in the development of the app and the corresponding solutions are pointed out. Although there are still some problems and shortcomings in software solutions in this field, it is imperative to supplement and improve them.
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