50个常用Python脚本

50个常用Python脚本的代码示例：

1. 复制文件和目录

import shutil
shutil.copy2('source_file', 'destination')
shutil.copytree('source_dir', 'destination')

2. 字符串替换和查找

import re
string = "hello world"
new_string = re.sub(r"world", "python", string)
print(new_string)

if "world" in new_string:
  print("Found")
else:
  print("Not found")

3. 文件读写操作

with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
  data = file.read()

with open("file.txt", "a") as file:
  file.write("New content")

4. 解析CSV文件

import csv
with open('file.csv', newline='') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=',', quotechar='|')
    for row in reader:
        print(', '.join(row))

5. 解析Excel文件

import xlrd
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('file.xlsx')
sheet = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
print(sheet.cell_value(0, 0))

6. 计算日期和时间

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
now = datetime.now()
today = datetime.today()
tomorrow = today + timedelta(days=1)

7. 生成随机数

import random
random_number = random.randint(1, 100)

8. 判断两个文件是否相同

import filecmp
if filecmp.cmp('file1.txt', 'file2.txt'):
    print("The files are the same")
else:
    print("The files are different")

9. 从命令行读取参数

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--input", help="input file name")
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.input)

10. 定时执行脚本

import time
while True:
    print("Hello")
    time.sleep(1) # wait for 1 second

11. 发送电子邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

msg = MIMEText('This is the body of the email')
msg['Subject'] = 'Subject'
msg['From'] = '[email protected]'
msg['To'] = '[email protected]'

s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.sendmail('[email protected]', ['[email protected]'], msg.as_string())
s.quit()

12. 使用正则表达式匹配字符串

import re
match = re.search(r"world", "hello world")
print(match.group())

13. 使用JSON格式处理数据

import json
data = {
    "name": "John",
    "age": 30,
    "city": "New York"
}
json_string = json.dumps(data)
new_data = json.loads(json_string)

14. 解析XML文件

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('file.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)

15. 将PDF转换成文本文件

import PyPDF2
pdf_file = open('file.pdf', 'rb')
reader = PyPDF2.PdfReader(pdf_file)
text = ""
for page in reader.pages:
    text += page.text

16. 爬取网页内容

import requests
response = requests.get('http://example.com')
print(response.content)

17. 获取本机IP地址

import socket
print(socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()))

18. 生成二维码

import qrcode
img = qrcode.make('Hello, World!')
img.save('qrcode.png')

19. 计算文件大小

import os
size = os.path.getsize('file.txt')

20. 对图片进行处理

from PIL import Image
img = Image.open('image.jpg')
img = img.resize((400, 300))
img.save('new_image.jpg')

21. 反转字符串

string = "hello world"
new_string = string[::-1]
print(new_string)

22. 计算字符串中单词的数量

string = "hello world"
word_count = len(string.split())
print(word_count)

23. 模糊匹配字符串

from fuzzywuzzy import fuzz
ratio = fuzz.ratio("hello world", "helloworld")
print(ratio)

24. 显示进度条

import time
from tqdm import tqdm
for i in tqdm(range(100)):
    time.sleep(0.1)

25. 创建ZIP文件

import zipfile
with zipfile.ZipFile('file.zip', 'w') as zip:
    zip.write('file.txt')

26. 使用FTP上传和下载文件

import ftplib
ftp = ftplib.FTP()
ftp.connect('ftp.example.com')
ftp.login('username', 'password')
ftp.cwd('/uploads')
with open('file.txt', 'rb') as file:
    ftp.storbinary('STOR file.txt', file)
ftp.quit()

27. 通过网络发送广播消息

import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
s.sendto(b'Hello, World!', ('', 12345))
s.close()

28. 控制键盘和鼠标

import pyautogui
pyautogui.moveTo(100, 100, duration=1)
pyautogui.click(button='left')

29. 剪贴板操作

import pyperclip
text = pyperclip.paste()
pyperclip.copy('New text')

30. 创建和管理日志文件

import logging

logging.basicConfig(filename='app.log', level=logging.INFO)

logging.debug('This is a debug message')
logging.info('This is an informational message')
logging.warning('This is a warning message')
logging.error('This is an error message')
logging.critical('This is a critical message')

31. 打印系统信息

import platform
print(platform.system())
print(platform.release())

32. 投掷骰子模拟游戏

import random
class Dice:
    def throw(self):
        return random.randint(1, 6)

dice = Dice()
result = dice.throw()
print(result)

33. 编写简单的计算器

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

def subtract(a, b):
    return a - b

def multiply(a, b):
    return a * b

def divide(a, b):
    return a / b

a = 5
b = 3
print(add(a, b))
print(subtract(a, b))
print(multiply(a, b))
print(divide(a, b))

34. 处理异常和错误

try:
    x = 1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    print("Finally block")

35. 生成缩略图

from PIL import Image
img = Image.open('image.jpg')
img.thumbnail((100, 100))
img.save('thumbnail.jpg')

36. 使用Google Maps API获取地图数据

import requests
response = requests.get('https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?address=1600+Amphitheatre+Parkway,+Mountain+View,+CA')
json_data = response.json()
lat = json_data['results'][0]['geometry']['location']['lat']
lng = json_data['results'][0]['geometry']['location']['lng']

37. 调用外部命令

import os
os.system('ls -l')

38. 使用subprocess模块启动后台任务

import subprocess
subprocess.Popen(['python', 'script.py'])

39. 爬虫去重

from collections import defaultdict
url_list = ['http://example.com', 'http://example.com', 'http://google.com']
url_dict = defaultdict(int)
for url in url_list:
    url_dict[url] += 1
print(url_dict.keys())

40. 自动化微信账号管理

import itchat

@itchat.msg_register(itchat.content.TEXT)
def text_reply(msg):
    return "I received: " + msg.text

itchat.auto_login(hotReload=True)
itchat.run()

41. 简单聊天机器人

import random

responses = ["Hello", "Hi", "How are you?", "I'm fine.", "Goodbye"]

while True:
    message = input("You: ")
    if message == "exit":
        break
    response = random.choice(responses)
    print("Bot: " + response)

42. 查找最大值和最小值

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(max(numbers))
print(min(numbers))

43. 将字符串转换为Python代码并执行

code = """
for i in range(10):
    print(i)
"""
exec(code)

44. 生成二进制文件

with open("file.bin", "wb") as file:
    data = bytes([0x01, 0x02, 0x03])
    file.write(data)

45. 数据清洗和处理

import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv('file.csv')
data = data.dropna() # remove null values
data = data.sort_values('column') # sort by column

46. 实现FTP服务器

from pyftpdlib.authorizers import DummyAuthorizer
from pyftpdlib.handlers import FTPHandler
from pyftpdlib.servers import FTPServer

authorizer = DummyAuthorizer()
authorizer.add_anonymous('/')

handler = FTPHandler
handler.authorizer = authorizer

server = FTPServer(('localhost', 21), handler)
server.serve_forever()

47. 数据库连接和查询操作

import sqlite3
connection = sqlite3.connect('example.db')
cursor = connection.cursor()

cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE example (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)")
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO example (name) VALUES ('John')")
data = cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM example")
for row in data:
    print(row)

connection.close()

48. 实现简单的Web服务器

from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler

class MyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        self.send_response(200)
        self.send_header('Content-type', 'text/html')
        self.end_headers()
        message = "Hello, World!"
        self.wfile.write(bytes(message, "utf8"))

httpd = HTTPServer(('localhost', 8080), MyHandler)
httpd.serve_forever()

49. 使用Python实现加密算法

import hashlib
message = "Hello, World!"
hash_object = hashlib.sha256(message.encode('utf-8'))
hash_value = hash_object.hexdigest()
print(hash_value)

50. 实现基本的人工智能

import random
responses = {
    "hello": ["Hello", "Hi", "How are you?"],
    "goodbye": ["Goodbye", "See you later", "Take care"]
}

while True:
    message = input("You: ")
    if message == "exit":
        break
    for keyword in responses.keys():
        if keyword in message.lower():
            response = random.choice(responses[keyword])
            print("Bot: " + response)
            break
    else:
        print("Bot: Sorry, I don't understand.")

以上是50个常用Python脚