如何开发视频上传和播放功能时，既省钱又体验好？

前言

　　现如今，大部分带内容的网站或应用都有视频区了，不说是大厂平台，就连个人开发者也相继在自己网站或小程序上迭代出视频板块。那既然有了视频模块，除个性化推荐，智能审核等这种费钱又耗时的功能外(个人开发者暂缓)。最基本的视频上传，视频播放自然必不可少吧。

　　既然要强调省钱，我当前不会对接点播服务了。毕竟为了有一定的审核和推荐功能，我打算做人工审核。那剩下的关于播放有一定的体验度，还得要用一下OSS了(还是要花一点嘛)。因为上传有现成的分片上传，播放有HLS流，以下着重讲关于视频播放的优化，上传部分就说一下思路哦。

 视频上传

　　因为网站关于上传只有一些图片，所以只用了OSS的常规文件上传。但是视频，不说长视频，现在一些稍微几十秒的短视频动则几十兆上百兆，更别说高清的。而且早期的上传是放在服务端完成，所以当客户端提交大型文件时，不光nginx(413 Request Entity Too Large)和fpm会报错，到了OSS客户端调用也会报错(Allowed memory size of 268435456 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 67108896 bytes))。

　　开始是尝试在服务端改成分片上传，但是测试时发现，每次提交文件过来时都要先将视频本地化，存在服务器上后再分片提交到OSS，回调成功删除服务器文件，并且要调整nginx等的提交的最大值限制。最后就决定把上传部分放到了前端，服务器只提供OSS的临时访问凭证和接收上传成功回调。

视频播放

　　关于视频播放，网站早期的做法是将OSS的视频地址直接丢到前端的video标签中，当在手机播放时会出现卡顿或播放缓慢等问题。最后决定使用OSS的HLS的构建，就是在后台将视频推流一份在OSS的LiveChannel中，前端通过读取m3u8播放视频。

思路

1. 前端上传视频，后台审核成功调用OSS的LiveChannel创建。

2. 根据通道创建返回的推流地址和播放地址，存入数据库。

3. 在服务端起一个进程用FFMPEG进行视频推流。

4. 前端播放视频时选择m3u8的方式。

示例代码

1. 前端

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"en">     "UTF-8">                "content">     class="_p">视频标题：         "title" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入视频名称">          class="_p">         选择视频：         class="list" href="javascript:;">             "file" type="file" name="myfile" onchange="UpladFile();"/>             选择视频                           "time">               class="el-upload-list el-upload-list--text" style="display:  none;">          "0" class="el-upload-list__item is-success">             class="el-upload-list__item-name">                 class="el-icon-document">                 "videoName">food.jpeg                          class="el-upload-list__item-status-label">                 class="el-icon-upload-success el-icon-circle-check">                          class="el-icon-close" onclick="del();">             class="el-icon-close-tip">                        class="el-progress el-progress--line" style="display: none;">         class="el-progress-bar">             class="el-progress-bar__outer" style="height: 6px;">                 class="el-progress-bar__inner" style="width: 0%;">                                                class="el-progress__text" style="font-size: 14.4px;">0%          class="_p">上传视频：         class="btn btn-primary" type="button" onclick="sub();">上传               class="preview">

2. 后端API层

getRamPolicy();

        return $result;
    }

    // 简单上传接口
    public function uploadFile()
    {
        $files = request()->file();
        $input['title'] = input('post.title');
        $uploadFiled = $files['mf'];

        // 获取文件信息
        $fileInfo = $uploadFiled->getInfo();
        $oss = \oss\OssFactory::factory("AliOss");

        $result = $oss->upload($uploadFiled, "");
        //$width = getimagesize($imgUrl)[0];
        //$height = getimagesize($imgUrl)[1];

        return $result;
    }

    // 分片上传接口
    public function multipartUpload()
    {
        $files = request()->file();
        $input['title'] = input('post.title');
        $uploadFiled = $files['mf'];

        $oss = \oss\OssFactory::factory("AliOss");

        $result = $oss->multipartUpload();

        return $result;
    }

    // 分段Push
    public function multionPush()
    {
        global $_W;
        global $_GPC;
        $fileArr = $_FILES['mf'];
        $title = $_GPC['title'];

        // 设置预览目录,上传成功的路径
        $previewPath = "../shiping/";
        $ext = pathinfo($fileArr['name'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION);//获取当前上传文件扩展名
        $arrExt = array('3gp','rmvb','flv','wmv','avi','mkv','mp4','mp3','wav',);

        if(!in_array($ext,$arrExt)) {
            exit(json_encode(-1,JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE)); //视/音频或采用了不合适的扩展名！
        } else {
            //文件上传到预览目录
            $previewName = 'pre_'.md5(mt_rand(1000,9999)).time().'.'.$ext; //文件重命名
            $previewSrc = $previewPath.$previewName;

            if(move_uploaded_file($fileArr['tmp_name'],$previewSrc)){ // 上传文件操作，上传失败的操作
                exit($previewName);
            } else {
                //上传成功的失败的操作
                exit(json_encode(0,JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE));
            }
        }
    }// 创建推流通道
    public function putLiveChannel()
    {
        $oss = \oss\OssFactory::factory("AliOss");

        $result = $oss->putLiveChannel('iphone8');

        return $this->jsonData(200, 'ok', $result);
    }

    // 获取推流加签地址
    public function getSignRtmpUrl()
    {
        $oss = \oss\OssFactory::factory("AliOss");

        $params = array('params' => array('playlistName' => 'newest.m3u8'));

        $result = $oss->getSignRtmpUrl($params);

        return $this->jsonData(200, 'ok', $result);
    }

    // 获取推流上传通道历史记录
    public function getLiveChannelHistory()
    {
        $oss = \oss\OssFactory::factory("AliOss");

        //$params = array('params' => array('playlistName' => 'newest.m3u8'));

        $result = $oss->getLiveChannelHistory();

        return $this->jsonData(200, 'ok', $result);
    }

    // 查询推流上传信息
    public function getLiveChannelInfo()
    {
        $oss = \oss\OssFactory::factory("AliOss");

        $result = $oss->getLiveChannelInfo();

        return $this->jsonData(200, 'ok', $result);
    }

    // 查询m3u8的推流上传状态
    public function getLiveChannelStatus()
    {
        $oss = \oss\OssFactory::factory("AliOss");

        $result = $oss->getLiveChannelStatus();

        return $this->jsonData(200, 'ok', $result);
    }

}

3. OSS操作层

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namespace oss; require_once 'lib/aliyun-oss/autoload.php'; use OSS\OssClient; use OSS\Model\LiveChannelConfig; use OSS\Core\OssException; use OSS\Core\OssUtil; use Mimey\MimeTypes; use AlibabaCloud\SDK\Sts\V20150401\Sts; use Darabonba\OpenApi\Models\Config; use AlibabaCloud\SDK\Sts\V20150401\Models\AssumeRoleRequest; use AlibabaCloud\Tea\Utils\Utils\RuntimeOptions; /**  * 阿里云OSS文件传输  */ class AliOss extends OssBase {     public $config = [];     public function __construct()     {         $this->config = include 'config/ali_oss_config.php';     }     // 获取临时访问凭证     // composer require alibabacloud/sts-20150401     public function getRamPolicy()     {         $config = $this->config;         try {             // 填写步骤1创建的RAM用户AccessKey。             $config = new Config([                 "accessKeyId" => $config['AccessKeyID'],                 "accessKeySecret" => $config['AccessKeySecret']             ]);             //             $config->endpoint = "sts.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";             $client = new Sts($config);             $assumeRoleRequest = new AssumeRoleRequest([                 // roleArn填写步骤2获取的角色ARN，例如acs:ram::175708322470****:role/ramtest。                 "roleArn" => "acs:ram::175708322470****:role/ramtest",                 // roleSessionName用于自定义角色会话名称，用来区分不同的令牌，例如填写为sessiontest。                 "roleSessionName" => "sessiontest",                 // durationSeconds用于设置临时访问凭证有效时间单位为秒，最小值为900，最大值以当前角色设定的最大会话时间为准。本示例指定有效时间为3000秒。                 "durationSeconds" => 3000,                 // policy填写自定义权限策略，用于进一步限制STS临时访问凭证的权限。如果不指定Policy，则返回的STS临时访问凭证默认拥有指定角色的所有权限。                 // 临时访问凭证最后获得的权限是步骤4设置的角色权限和该Policy设置权限的交集。                 //"policy" => ""             ]);             $runtime = new RuntimeOptions([]);             $result = $client->assumeRoleWithOptions($assumeRoleRequest, $runtime);             printf("AccessKeyId:" . $result->body->credentials->accessKeyId . PHP_EOL);             printf("AccessKeySecret:" . $result->body->credentials->accessKeySecret . PHP_EOL);             printf("Expiration:" . $result->body->credentials->expiration . PHP_EOL);             printf("SecurityToken:" . $result->body->credentials->securityToken . PHP_EOL);         } catch (Exception $e) {             printf($e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL);         }         return $result;     }     public function upload($file, $dir = "")     {         $config = $this->config;         $fileInfo = $file->getInfo();         // 获取文件扩展名         //$extName = pathinfo($fileInfo['name'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION);         if ($dir === "") {             $dir = "tmp/";         }         $fileName = $dir . $this->getFileName($fileInfo);         $res['code'] = 1;         try {             $ossClient = new OssClient($config['AccessKeyID'], $config['AccessKeySecret'], $config['EndPoint']);             $result = $ossClient->uploadFile($config['Bucket'], $fileName, $fileInfo['tmp_name']);             $res['data']['url'] = $result['info']['url'];             $res['data']['path'] = $fileName;         } catch (OssException $e) {             $res['code'] = 0;             $res['message'] = $e->getMessage();         }         return $res;     }     // 单文件流上传     public function objectUpload($content, $file_name = '')     {         $config = $this->config;         $res['code'] = 1;         $res['message'] = '';         try {             $ossClient = new OssClient($config['AccessKeyID'], $config['AccessKeySecret'], $config['EndPoint']);             $result = $ossClient->putObject($config['Bucket'], $file_name, $content);             $res['data']['url'] = $result['info']['url'];             $res['data']['path'] = explode("/", $file_name)[1];         } catch (OssException $e) {             $res['code'] = 0;             $res['message'] = $e->getMessage();         }         return $res;     }     // 分段上传     public function multipartUpload()     {         $config = $this->config;         $ossClient = new OssClient($config['AccessKeyID'], $config['AccessKeySecret'], $config['EndPoint']);         // 填写Bucket名称，例如examplebucket。         $bucket = $config['Bucket'];         //填写不包含Bucket名称在内的Object完整路径，例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。         $object = $config['Bucket'] . 'lv_0_20230528160220.mp4';         // 填写本地文件的完整路径。         $uploadFile = 'D:\\lv_0_20230528160220.mp4';         $initOptions = array(             OssClient::OSS_HEADERS => array(                 // 指定该Object被下载时的网页缓存行为。                 // 'Cache-Control' => 'no-cache',                 // 指定该Object被下载时的名称。                 // 'Content-Disposition' => 'attachment;filename=oss_download.jpg',                 // 指定该Object被下载时的内容编码格式。                 // 'Content-Encoding' => 'utf-8',                 // 指定过期时间，单位为毫秒。                 // 'Expires' => 150,                 // 指定初始化分片上传时是否覆盖同名Object。此处设置为true，表示禁止覆盖同名Object。                 //'x-oss-forbid-overwrite' => 'true',                 // 指定上传该Object的每个part时使用的服务器端加密方式。                 // 'x-oss-server-side-encryption'=> 'KMS',                 // 指定Object的加密算法。                 // 'x-oss-server-side-data-encryption'=>'SM4',                 // 指定KMS托管的用户主密钥。                 //'x-oss-server-side-encryption-key-id' => '9468da86-3509-4f8d-a61e-6eab1eac****',                 // 指定Object的存储类型。                 // 'x-oss-storage-class' => 'Standard',                 // 指定Object的对象标签，可同时设置多个标签。                 // 'x-oss-tagging' => 'TagA=A&TagB=B',             ),         );         try {             //返回uploadId。uploadId是分片上传事件的唯一标识，您可以根据uploadId发起相关的操作，如取消分片上传、查询分片上传等。             $uploadId = $ossClient->initiateMultipartUpload($bucket, $object, $initOptions);             print("initiateMultipartUpload OK" . "\n");         } catch (OssException $e) {             printf($e->getMessage() . "\n");             return;         }         $partSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024;         $uploadFileSize = sprintf('%u', filesize($uploadFile));         $pieces = $ossClient->generateMultiuploadParts($uploadFileSize, $partSize);         $responseUploadPart = array();         $uploadPosition = 0;         $isCheckMd5 = true;         foreach ($pieces as $i => $piece) {             $fromPos = $uploadPosition + (integer)$piece[$ossClient::OSS_SEEK_TO];             $toPos = (integer)$piece[$ossClient::OSS_LENGTH] + $fromPos - 1;             $upOptions = array(                 // 上传文件。                 $ossClient::OSS_FILE_UPLOAD => $uploadFile,                 // 设置分片号。                 $ossClient::OSS_PART_NUM => ($i + 1),                 // 指定分片上传起始位置。                 $ossClient::OSS_SEEK_TO => $fromPos,                 // 指定文件长度。                 $ossClient::OSS_LENGTH => $toPos - $fromPos + 1,                 // 是否开启MD5校验，true为开启。                 $ossClient::OSS_CHECK_MD5 => $isCheckMd5,             );             // 开启MD5校验。             if ($isCheckMd5) {                 $contentMd5 = OssUtil::getMd5SumForFile($uploadFile, $fromPos, $toPos);                 $upOptions[$ossClient::OSS_CONTENT_MD5] = $contentMd5;             }             try {                 // 上传分片。                 $responseUploadPart[] = $ossClient->uploadPart($bucket, $object, $uploadId, $upOptions);                 printf("initiateMultipartUpload, uploadPart - part#{$i} OK\n");             } catch (OssException $e) {                 printf("initiateMultipartUpload, uploadPart - part#{$i} FAILED\n");                 printf($e->getMessage() . "\n");                 return;             }         }         // $uploadParts是由每个分片的ETag和分片号（PartNumber）组成的数组。         $uploadParts = array();         foreach ($responseUploadPart as $i => $eTag) {             $uploadParts[] = array(                 'PartNumber' => ($i + 1),                 'ETag' => $eTag,             );         }         $comOptions['headers'] = array(             // 指定完成分片上传时是否覆盖同名Object。此处设置为true，表示禁止覆盖同名Object。             // 'x-oss-forbid-overwrite' => 'true',             // 如果指定了x-oss-complete-all:yes，则OSS会列举当前uploadId已上传的所有Part，然后按照PartNumber的序号排序并执行CompleteMultipartUpload操作。             // 'x-oss-complete-all'=> 'yes'         );         $res = [];         try {             // 执行completeMultipartUpload操作时，需要提供所有有效的$uploadParts。OSS收到提交的$uploadParts后，会逐一验证每个分片的有效性。当所有的数据分片验证通过后，OSS将把这些分片组合成一个完整的文件。             $res = $ossClient->completeMultipartUpload($bucket, $object, $uploadId, $uploadParts, $comOptions);             printf("Complete Multipart Upload OK\n");         } catch (OssException $e) {             printf("Complete Multipart Upload FAILED\n");             printf($e->getMessage() . "\n");             return;         }         return $res;     }     // 列举文件     public function listBuckets($bucket = "hhbusiness", $prefix = "", $pagesize = 20, $maker = "")     {         $config = $this->config;         $res['code'] = 1;         $res['message'] = '';         $res['data'] = "";         try {             $ossClient = new OssClient($config['AccessKeyID'], $config['AccessKeySecret'], $config['EndPoint']);             $delimiter = '/';             $nextMarker = "";             //$maxkeys = 1;             $options = array(                 'delimiter' => $delimiter,                 'prefix' => $prefix,                 'max-keys' => $pagesize,                 'marker' => $maker,             );             $result['obj'] = $ossClient->listObjects($bucket, $options);             $result['next_marker'] = $result['obj']->getNextMarker();             // 没有值             if ($result['obj']->getIsTruncated() !== "true") {                 //break;             }             $res['code'] = 1;             $res['data'] = $result;         } catch (OssException $e) {             $res['code'] = 0;             $res['message'] = $e->getMessage();         }         return $res;     }     public function putLiveChannel($liveChannelName)     {         $ossClientConfig = $this->config;         $config = new LiveChannelConfig(array(             'description' => 'live channel test',             'type' => 'HLS',             'fragDuration' => 2,             'fragCount' => 5,             'playListName' => $liveChannelName . '.m3u8'         ));         $ossClient = new OssClient($ossClientConfig['AccessKeyID'], $ossClientConfig['AccessKeySecret'], $ossClientConfig['EndPoint']);         $info = $ossClient->putBucketLiveChannel($ossClientConfig['Bucket'], 'test_rtmp_live', $config);         $data['channel_name'] = $info->getName();         $data['channel_description'] = $info->getDescription();         $data['publishurls'] = $info->getPublishUrls();         $data['playurls'] = $info->getPlayUrls();         $data['publishurls_sig'] = $ossClient->signRtmpUrl($ossClientConfig['Bucket'], "test_rtmp_live", 3600, array('params' => array('playlistName' => $liveChannelName . '.m3u8')));         return $data;     }     public function getSignRtmpUrl($param = [])     {         $ossClientConfig = $this->config;         $ossClient = new OssClient($ossClientConfig['AccessKeyID'], $ossClientConfig['AccessKeySecret'], $ossClientConfig['EndPoint']);         $url = $ossClient->signRtmpUrl($ossClientConfig['Bucket'], "test_rtmp_live", 3600, $param);         return $url;     }     public function getLiveChannelHistory()     {         $ossClientConfig = $this->config;         $ossClient = new OssClient($ossClientConfig['AccessKeyID'], $ossClientConfig['AccessKeySecret'], $ossClientConfig['EndPoint']);         $history = $ossClient->getLiveChannelHistory($ossClientConfig['Bucket'], "test_rtmp_live");         $list = [];         foreach ($history->getLiveRecordList() as $recordList) {             $data['startTime'] = $recordList->getStartTime();             $data['endTime'] = $recordList->getEndTime();             $data['remoteAddr'] = $recordList->getRemoteAddr();             $list[] = $data;         }         return $list;     }     public function getLiveChannelInfo()     {         $ossClientConfig = $this->config;         $ossClient = new OssClient($ossClientConfig['AccessKeyID'], $ossClientConfig['AccessKeySecret'], $ossClientConfig['EndPoint']);         $info = $ossClient->getLiveChannelInfo($ossClientConfig['Bucket'], 'test_rtmp_live');         $data['description'] = $info->getDescription();         $data['status'] = $info->getStatus();         $data['type'] = $info->getType();         $data['fragDuration'] = $info->getFragDuration();         $data['fragCount'] = $info->getFragCount();         $data['playListName'] = $info->getPlayListName();         return $data;     }     public function getLiveChannelStatus()     {         $ossClientConfig = $this->config;         $ossClient = new OssClient($ossClientConfig['AccessKeyID'], $ossClientConfig['AccessKeySecret'], $ossClientConfig['EndPoint']);         $status = $ossClient->getLiveChannelStatus($ossClientConfig['Bucket'], "test_rtmp_live");         $data['status'] = $status->getStatus();         $data['ConnectedTime'] = $status->getConnectedTime();         $data['VideoWidth'] = $status->getVideoWidth();         $data['VideoHeight'] = $status->getVideoHeight();         $data['VideoFrameRate'] = $status->getVideoFrameRate();         $data['VideoBandwidth'] = $status->getVideoBandwidth();         $data['VideoCodec'] = $status->getVideoCodec();         $data['AudioBandwidth'] = $status->getAudioBandwidth();         $data['AudioSampleRate'] = $status->getAudioSampleRate();         $data['AdioCodec'] = $status->getAudioCodec();         return $data;     }     private function guid($rand = "")     {         $charid = strtoupper(md5(uniqid(mt_rand(), true) . $rand));         $hyphen = chr(45);// "-"         $uuid = substr($charid, 0, 8) . $hyphen . substr($charid, 8, 4) . $hyphen . substr($charid, 12, 4) . $hyphen . substr($charid, 16, 4) . $hyphen . substr($charid, 20, 12);         return $uuid;     }     /**      * 获取指定长度的随机字母数字组合的字符串      * @param int $length      * @param bool $length      * @return string      */     private function random($length = 32, $repeat = True)     {         $pool = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';         if ($repeat === True) {             $pool = str_repeat($pool, $length);         }         return substr(str_shuffle($pool), 0, $length);     }     private function getFileName($file)     {         $rand = $this->random();         $guid = $this->guid($rand);         //$mime_content_type = mime_content_type($file['tmp_name']);         $mime_content_type = $extName = pathinfo($file['name'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION);;         //$mimes = new MimeTypes();         return $guid . "." . $mime_content_type;     } }

4. 推流指令

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namespace app\common\command; use think\console\Command; use think\console\Input; use think\console\Output; use think\Db; class PushRtmp extends Command {     protected function configure()     {         $this->setName('push:rtmp')->setDescription('rtmp推流');     }     protected function execute(Input $input, Output $output)     {         $command = "ffmpeg -re -i https://www.neiqiaosu.com/global_source/B7689D4E-ED00-B402-EBD9-4F52C3B97247.mp4 -c copy -f flv \"rtmp://def.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/live/test_rtmp_live?playlistName=newest.m3u8&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAIp7VhX2YoazcF&Expires=1685606516&Signature=ucEuVujPN2AeHFGbpwF%2BgHqfNPk%3D\"";         $result = exec($command, $output, $resultVar);                   var_dump($output);     } }

FFmpeg参数说明

frame= 9753 fps= 30 q=-1.0 Lsize=  129340kB time=00:05:25.09 bitrate=3259.2kbits/s speed=   1x

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frame= 9753：表示拍摄的帧数为9753 fps=246：表示每秒拍摄246张照片 q=-1.0：表示视频的质量为-1.0，即质量较差 Lsize= 129340kB：表示视频的大小为129340KB time=00:05:25.09：表示视频的时长为5分25秒9毫秒 bitrate=3259.2kbits/s：表示视频的码率为3259.2KB/s speed=8.21x：表示视频的播放速度为8.21倍

video:116301kB audio:12596kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.344442%

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video:116301kB              视频数据量：116301kB； audio:12596kB               音频数据量：12596kB； subtitle:0kB                字幕数据量：0kB； other streams:0kB           其他数据量：0kB； global headers:0kB          全局数据头：0kB； muxing overhead: 0.344442%  多路复用开销：0.344442%