noSQL的小练习

目录

Redis：

1、 string类型数据的命令操作：    

2、 list类型数据的命令操作：    

3、 hash类型数据的命令操作：

MongoDB： 

1. 创建一个数据库 名字grade 

2. 数据库中创建一个集合名字 class

3. 集合中插入若干数据 文档格式如下

4. 查找  

5. 增加、更新、删除、统计       

---

 

Redis：

1、 string类型数据的命令操作：
    （1） 设置键值：
    （2） 读取键值：
    （3） 数值类型自增1：
    （4） 数值类型自减1：
    （5） 查看值的长度：

127.0.0.1:6379> SET name 'erHua'    #（1） 设置键值:
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> GET name       #（2） 读取键值：
"erHua"
127.0.0.1:6379> SET num 7
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> INCR num    #（3） 数值类型自增1：
(integer) 8
127.0.0.1:6379> GET num
"8"
127.0.0.1:6379> DECR num    #（4） 数值类型自减1：
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> GET num
"7"
127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN name    #（5） 查看值的长度：
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN num
(integer) 1

注意：

127.0.0.1:6379> SET name '二花'
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> GET name 
"\xe4\xba\x8c\xe8\x8a\xb1"

• REDIS数据库默认使用UTF-8编码进行存储，而不是直接使用可视化的中文字符。
• 因此，当在Redis中存储中文字符串"二花"时，它会以UTF-8编码进行存储，并返回相应的字节序列 “\xe4\xba\x8c\xe8\x8a\xb1”。
• 在Redis中，没有直接从脚本中调用编码转换函数的内置命令。因此，无法在Redis命令行界面直接进行解码。
• 如果想在Redis中获取可视化的中文字符，最好的办法是在使用Redis的客户端应用程序中进行解码，例如在Python、Java或JavaScript中执行相应的解码操作。这样可以更方便地处理字节序列并获得可读的中文字符。

2、 list类型数据的命令操作：
    

   （1）对列表city插入元素：Shanghai Suzhou Hangzhou

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH city Shanghai Suzhou Hangzhou(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE city 0 -1  
1) "Hangzhou"
2) "Suzhou"
3) "Shanghai"

    （2）将列表city里的头部的元素移除

127.0.0.1:6379> lpop city  
"Hangzhou"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange city 0 -1
1) "Suzhou"
2) "Shanghai"    

    （3）将name列表的尾部元素移除到number列表的头部

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH name iguBigu UmsyDipsy MacaBaca TomBlyber
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH 1 3 5 7 9

127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI     #在不知道name会弹出什么值时不使用事务
OK
127.0.0.1:6379(TX)> RPOP name
QUEUED
127.0.0.1:6379(TX)> LPUSH number iguBigu
QUEUED
127.0.0.1:6379(TX)> EXEC
1) "iguBigu"
2) (integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange number 0 -1
1) "iguBigu"
2) "9"
3) "7"
4) "5"
5) "3"
6) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange name 0 -1
1) "TomBlyber"
2) "MacaBaca"
3) "UmsyDipsy

    （4） 对一个已存在的列表插入新元素

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSHX name LittleDot    #插入一个小点点
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange name 0 -1
1) "LittleDot"
2) "TomBlyber"
3) "MacaBaca"
4) "UmsyDipsy"

    （5）查看list的值长度 

127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN name
(integer) 4

3、 hash类型数据的命令操作：

    (1） 设置一个hash表，order表里包括的键值信息有：id：1,customer_name：张三

127.0.0.1:6379> HSET order id 1 customer_name '张三' 
(integer) 2

   （2） 创建一个hash表，表里的键值批量插入

127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET order n1 v1 n2 v2 n3 v3 n4 v4
OK

   （3） 获取order对应的map的所有key

127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS order
1) "id"
2) "customer_name"
3) "n1"
4) "n2"
5) "n3"
6) "n4"

   （4） 获取order对应的map的键值数量

127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN order
(integer) 6

   （5） 获取order表里的id值 

127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET order id
1) "1"

MongoDB： 

1. 创建一个数据库 名字grade 

> use grade
switched to db grade
> db
grade

2. 数据库中创建一个集合名字 class

> db.createCollection('class')
{ "ok" : 1 }

3. 集合中插入若干数据 文档格式如下

｛name:'zhang',age；10,sex:'m',hobby:['a','b','c']｝
hobby: draw  sing  dance  basketball football  pingpong  computer 

> db.class.insertMany([
...   {name: 'LiitleDot', age: 4, sex: 'f', hobby: ['sing', 'dance']},
...   {name: 'IguBigu', age: 14, sex: 'm', hobby: ['football', 'draw', 'pingpong']},
...   {name: 'MacaBaca', age: 6, sex: 'm', hobby: ['draw', 'dance', 'pingpong', 'sing']},
...   {name: 'TomBlyber', age: 7, sex: 'f', hobby: ['draw']},
...   {name: 'UmsyDipsy', age: 11, sex: 'f', hobby: ['pingpong']},
...   {name: 'LittleBean', age: 5, sex: 'm', hobby: ['pingpong', 'sing']},
...   {name: 'FlyingFish', age: 8, sex: 'f', hobby: ['draw', 'dance', 'pingpong']}
... ]);
{
	"acknowledged" : true,
	"insertedIds" : [
		ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f54"),
		ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f55"),
		ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f56"),
		ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f57"),
		ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f58"),
		ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f59"),
		ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f5a")
	]
}

4. 查找  

    查看班级所有人信息

> db.class.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f54"), "name" : "LiitleDot", "age" : 4, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "dance" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f55"), "name" : "IguBigu", "age" : 14, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "football", "draw", "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f56"), "name" : "MacaBaca", "age" : 6, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f57"), "name" : "TomBlyber", "age" : 7, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f58"), "name" : "UmsyDipsy", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f59"), "name" : "LittleBean", "age" : 5, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f5a"), "name" : "FlyingFish", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong" ] }
> 

    查看班级中年龄为8岁的学生信息

> db.class.find( {age:8} );
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f5a"), "name" : "FlyingFish", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong" ] }

    查看年龄大于10岁的学生信息

> db.class.find( {age:{$gt:10}} );
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f55"), "name" : "IguBigu", "age" : 14, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "football", "draw", "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f58"), "name" : "UmsyDipsy", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "pingpong" ] }

    查看年龄在 4---8岁之间的学生信息 

> db.class.find({age:{$gte:4,$lte:10}});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f54"), "name" : "LiitleDot", "age" : 4, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "dance" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f56"), "name" : "MacaBaca", "age" : 6, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f57"), "name" : "TomBlyber", "age" : 7, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f59"), "name" : "LittleBean", "age" : 5, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f5a"), "name" : "FlyingFish", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong" ] }

    找到年龄为6岁且为男生的学生

> db.class.find( {age:6,sex:'m'} );
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f56"), "name" : "MacaBaca", "age" : 6, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong", "sing" ] }

    找到年龄小于7岁或者大于10岁的学生

> db.class.find({
...   $or: [
...     { age: { $lt: 7 } },
...     { age: { $gt: 10 } }
...   ]
... });
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f54"), "name" : "LiitleDot", "age" : 4, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "dance" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f55"), "name" : "IguBigu", "age" : 14, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "football", "draw", "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f56"), "name" : "MacaBaca", "age" : 6, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f58"), "name" : "UmsyDipsy", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f59"), "name" : "LittleBean", "age" : 5, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }

    找到年龄是8岁或者11岁的学生

> db.class.find({ $or: [{ age:8},{ age:11}] });
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f58"), "name" : "UmsyDipsy", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f5a"), "name" : "FlyingFish", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong" ] }

    找到兴趣爱好有两项的学生

> db.class.find({ hobby: {$size:2} });
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f54"), "name" : "LiitleDot", "age" : 4, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "sing", "dance" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f59"), "name" : "LittleBean", "age" : 5, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }

    找到兴趣爱好有draw的学生

> db.class.find({ hobby:'draw' });
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f55"), "name" : "IguBigu", "age" : 14, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "football", "draw", "pingpong" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f56"), "name" : "MacaBaca", "age" : 6, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f57"), "name" : "TomBlyber", "age" : 7, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f5a"), "name" : "FlyingFish", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong" ] }

    找到既喜欢画画又喜欢跳舞的学生

> db.class.find({ hobby:{$all: ['draw','dance']} });
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f56"), "name" : "MacaBaca", "age" : 6, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong", "sing" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f5a"), "name" : "FlyingFish", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong" ] }

    统计爱好有三项的学生人数

> db.class.find({ hobby: {$size:3} }).count();
2

    找出本班年龄第二大的学生

> db.class.find().sort({age:-1}).skip(1).limit(1);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f58"), "name" : "UmsyDipsy", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "pingpong" ] }

    查看学生的兴趣范围

>  db.class.aggregate([
... {$unwind:'$hobby'},
... {$group: {
...           _id: null,hobbies: {$addToSet:'$hobby'}
...          }
... } ]);
{ "_id" : null, "hobbies" : [ "pingpong", "football", "dance", "sing", "draw" ] }

    将学生按年龄排序找到年龄最大的三个

> db.class.aggregate([ 
... {$sort: {age:-1}} , {$limit:3} ,{$project:{_id:0 ,name:1 ,sex:1 ,age:1 ,hobby:1}}
... ]);
{ "name" : "IguBigu", "age" : 14, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "football", "draw", "pingpong" ] }
{ "name" : "UmsyDipsy", "age" : 11, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "pingpong" ] }
{ "name" : "FlyingFish", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong" ] }

    删除所有 年纪大于14或者小于4岁的学生

> db.class.remove({ $or:[ {age:{$lt:4}},{age:{$gt:14} }] });
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 0 })

5. 增加、更新、删除、统计
       

         1. 将小点点的年龄变为8岁 兴趣爱好变为 跳舞 画画

> db.class.replaceOne(
... {name:'LiitleDot'},
... {name:'LiitleDot',gae:8 ,habby:['dance','draw']} 
... );
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }

> db.class.find({name:'LiitleDot'});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b2b4a0779acd38c6a2bf81"), "name" : "LiitleDot", "gae" : 8, "habby" : [ "dance", "draw" ] }

        2. 追加唔西·迪西趣爱好  唱歌

> db.class.updateOne(
...   {name: 'UmsyDipsy'},
...   {$push: {hobby: 'sing'}}
... );
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }

> db.class.find({name: 'UmsyDipsy'});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f58"), "name" : "UmsyDipsy", "gae" : 8, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "draw", "sing" ] }

        3.汤姆布利柏趣爱好增加  吹牛 打篮球

> db.class.updateOne(
...   {name: 'TomBlyber'},
...   {$push: {hobby: ['TalkBig', 'basketball']}}
... );
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }

> db.class.find({name:'TomBlyber'});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f57"), "name" : "TomBlyber", "hobby" : [ "draw","TalkBig", "basketball" ] }

        4. 飞飞鱼增加爱好，跑步和唱歌，但是不要和以前的重复

> db.class.updateOne(
...   {name: 'FlyingFish'},
...   {$addToSet: {hobby: {$each: ['跑步', '唱歌']}}}
... );
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }

> db.class.find({name: FlyibngFish});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b29f7744d96627bff90f5a"), "name" : "FlyingFish", "age" : 8, "sex" : "f", "hobby" : [ "draw", "dance", "pingpong", "跑步", "唱歌" ] }

        5. 该班所有同学年龄加1

 db.class.updateMany({},{$inc :{age:1}});
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 7, "modifiedCount" : 7 }
 
> db.class.find({},{_id:0,name:1,age:1})
{ "name" : "LiitleDot", "age" : 9 }
{ "name" : "IguBigu", "age" : 15 }
{ "name" : "MacaBaca", "age" : 7 }
{ "name" : "TomBlyber", "age" : 8 }
{ "name" : "UmsyDipsy", "age" : 12 }
{ "name" : "LittleBean", "age" : 6 }
{ "name" : "FlyingFish", "age" : 9 }

        6. 删除小豆豆的sex属性

> db.class.updateOne({"name" : "LittleBean"},{$unset:{sex:1}});
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }
> db.class.find({"name" : "LittleBean"});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b2cce5f8a301175474d607"), "name" : "LittleBean", "age" : 6, "hobby" : [ "pingpong", "sing" ] }

        7. 删除玛卡·巴卡兴趣中的第一项

> db.class.updateOne(
... {"name" : "MacaBaca"},
... {$pop:{hobby:-1}}
... );
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }

> db.class.find( {"name" : "MacaBaca"});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b2cce5f8a301175474d604"), "name" : "MacaBaca", "age" : 7, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "dance", "pingpong", "sing" ] }

        8. 将依古·比古兴趣中的画画爱好删除

> db.class.updateOne( 
... {"name" : "IguBigu"},
... {$pull: {hobby:'draw'}}
... );
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }

> db.class.find( {"name" : "IguBigu"});
{ "_id" : ObjectId("64b2cce5f8a301175474d603"), "name" : "IguBigu", "age" : 15, "sex" : "m", "hobby" : [ "football", "pingpong" ] }

增加分数域 score:{'chinese':88,'english':78,'math':98}
        1. 按照性别分组统计每组人数

> db.class.aggregate([
...   {
...     $group: {_id: "$sex", count: { $sum: 1 }
...     }
...   }
... ]);
{ "_id" : "f", "count" : 4 }
{ "_id" : "m", "count" : 2 }
{ "_id" : null, "count" : 1 }

        2. 按照姓名分组，过滤出有重名的同学

> db.class.aggregate([
...   {
...     $group: {_id: "$name",  count: { $sum: 1 } }
...   },
...   
...    {
...     $match: { count: { $gt: 1 } }
...   },
...   
...    {
...     $project: {_id: 0, name: "$_id", count: 1}
...   }
... ]);
{ "count" : 2, "name" : "xiaowang" }

        3. 统计每名男生的语文成绩

> db.class.aggregate([
...   {
...     $match: {sex: "m"}
...   },
...   {
...     $project: {_id: 0,  name: "$name",  "score": '$score.chinese'}
...   }
... ]);

{ "name" : "IguBigu", "score" : 92 }
{ "name" : "MacaBaca", "score" : 85 }
{ "name" : "xiaowang" }
{ "name" : "xiaowang" }

        4. 将女生按照英语分数降序排列

> db.class.aggregate([
...   {
...     $match: {sex: "f"}
...   },
...   {
...     $sort: {"score.english": -1}
...   },
...   {
...     $project: {_id: 0,  name: "$name",  englishScore: "$score.english" }
...   }
... ]);

{ "name" : "TomBlyber", "englishScore" : 91 }
{ "name" : "LiitleDot", "englishScore" : 88 }
{ "name" : "UmsyDipsy", "englishScore" : 86 }
{ "name" : "FlyingFish", "englishScore" : 58 }